Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Petr Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Chmelíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Dörflerová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Ješeta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Kuthanová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Title: Effects of protein kinase C on parthenogenetic activation of pig oocytes using calcium ionophore or nitric oxide-donor Abstract: Porcine oocytes matured in vitro were activated for parthenogenetic development using either calcium ionophore (50μM for 10 min) or nitric oxide donor SNAP (2mM for 23.5 hours). Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, bisindolylmaleimide I or rottlerin, are able to inhibit parthenogenetic activation induced by calcium ionophore. The rate of activated oocytes decreased from 69% to 2% (P < 0.05) under the effect of bisindolylmaleimide I at a concentration of 0 or 20nM, respectively. The activation rate decreased from 68% to 0% (P < 0.05) under the influence of 0 or 20μM rottlerin, respectively. PKC inhibitors Go6976 or hispidin had no effect on the oocyte activation using calcium ionophore or on oocytes activated by a nitric oxide donor. The activation of oocytes by a nitric oxide donor is not significantly influenced even under the effects of bisindolylmaleimide I or rottlerin. Based on these data we can conclude that the oocyte activation induced by calcium ionophore depends on PKC, especially on PKC-δ. On the other hand, the oocyte activation induced by nitric oxide is independent of the tested isotypes of PKC. Keywords: oocyte, pig, parthenogenesis, activation, calcium ionophore, nitric oxide Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 415-422 Volume: 52 Issue: 12 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2336-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2336-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200712-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:52:y:2007:i:12:id:2336-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Kinal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Quality, Agricultural University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Name: A. Korniewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Quality, Agricultural University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Name: M. Słupczyńska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Quality, Agricultural University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Name: R. Bodarski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Quality, Agricultural University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Name: D. Korniewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Quality, Agricultural University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Name: B. Čermák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetic, Breeding and Animal Nutrition, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Effect of the application of bioplexes of zinc, copper and manganese on milk quality and composition of milk and colostrum and some indices of the blood metabolic profile of cows Abstract: The object of an experiment was inorganic and organic forms of zinc, copper and manganese applied in mineral mixtures to dairy cows. The experiment was carried out on 90 cows with average milk yield for previous lactation of about 9 500 kg milk. The cows received mineral mixtures containing inorganic or organic forms of zinc, copper and manganese for 6 weeks before calving and during the first three months of lactation. The application of microelements as bioplexes in amounts covering 30% of daily requirements of cows had a positive effect on an increase in colostrum dry matter content from 20.9 to 23.35% as well as on the concentration of protein and fat, and the level of minerals - calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and copper. In cows' milk in the 2nd and 3rd month of lactation there were no differences in contents of minerals. However in the blood serum of cows in the 1st and 2nd month of lactation an increase in calcium concentration from 1.96 to 2.14 g/kg was observed while the content of phosphorus also increased average from 1.76 to 2.22 g/kg in the first trimester of lactation. Keywords: dairy cows, bioplexes of zinc, copper and manganese, colostrum, milk, blood Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 423-429 Volume: 52 Issue: 12 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2338-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2338-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200712-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:52:y:2007:i:12:id:2338-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Polák Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural Research Centre - Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: T. Sakowski Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Science, Jastrzębiec, Wólka Kosowska, Poland Author-Name: E.N. Blanco Roa Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural Research Centre - Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Huba Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural Research Centre - Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: E. Krupa Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural Research Centre - Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Tomka Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural Research Centre - Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: D. Peškovičová Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural Research Centre - Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Oravcová Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural Research Centre - Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: P. Strapák Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Use of computer image analysis for in vivo estimates of the carcass quality of bulls Abstract: The aims of the paper were to construct models for the estimation of carcass quality by means of computer image analysis and to verify computer photometry as an in vivo method of carcass quality prediction. Results of photometric measurements and carcass quality of 118 Slovak Pied bulls slaughtered at the age of 15 to 18 months were analysed. Nine length dimensions and four area dimensions were measured on the images of the top, left and rear view of each animal. Hot carcass weight (HCW), weight of meat in carcass (WMC) and weight of meat in valuable cuts (WMVC) were obtained after slaughter treatment and carcass dissection. HCW, WMC and WMVC revealed a maximum correlation with the top-view body area (r = 0.54-0.60) and thurl width (r = 0.58-0.60). Stepwise regression was applied to construct linear regression equations for HCW, WMC and WMVC in two alternatives using photometrical dimensions with and without weight before slaughter (WBS). R2 in an alternative without WBS were lower (R2 = 0.47-0.55); however R2 in an alternative with weight before slaughter were higher and highly significant (R2 = 0.83-0.92). In both alternatives, the equation for HCW had the highest R2 and the equation for WMVC had the lowest R2. Equations using photometric dimensions and WBS are suitable to estimate HCW, WMC and WMVC without detailed dissection. Keywords: cattle, carcass quality, computer image analysis, Slovak Pied breed Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 430-436 Volume: 52 Issue: 12 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2333-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2333-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200712-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:52:y:2007:i:12:id:2333-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Němcová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Štípková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Zavadilová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Bouška Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Vacek Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: The relationship between somatic cell count, milk production and six linearly scored type traits in Holstein cows Abstract: Test-day records of somatic cell count (SCC), milk yield, fat and protein content and six linearly scored type traits (fore udder attachment, udder depth, central ligament, rear udder height, front teat placement, teat length) of 22 613 first lactation cows from 117 herds were included in this study. SCC was log-transformed into somatic cell score (SCS). Milk yield was standardized as follows: MILK = milk yield (fat content + protein content)/(3.8 + 3.2). For each analyzed type trait, cows were assigned to one of the three levels according to linear type score: level 1 (score 1 and 2); level 2 (score 5 and 6); level 3 (score 8 and 9). A linear model was used to estimate the effect of different type traits on MILK and SCS. The highest values of SCS were found for the first levels. The differences between the first and second level were on average 0.33, 0.54, 0.28, and 0.36 for fore udder attachment, udder depth, central ligament and rear udder height, respectively. The cows with deep udders, weak central ligaments and fore attachments and low rear udder height showed the highest SCS Low SCS appeared to be associated with an intermediate distance between the front teats and longer teats. The third level of udder depth (shallow udder) had low MILK. Rear udder height showed low MILK for the first level (low height) with the highest MILK values for the third level (high height). The average difference was 3.3 kg. Keywords: cattle, linear evaluation of type traits, somatic cell count, milk production Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 437-446 Volume: 52 Issue: 12 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2337-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2337-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200712-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:52:y:2007:i:12:id:2337-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Plitzner Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Science and Technology, Division of Animal Food and Nutrition, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: T. Ettle Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Science and Technology, Division of Animal Food and Nutrition, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: S. Handl Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, Institute of Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: P. Schmidt Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: W. Windisch Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Science and Technology, Division of Animal Food and Nutrition, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Title: Effects of different dietary threonine levels on growth and slaughter performance in finishing pigs Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the threonine (Thr) requirement of a modern crossbred growing pig from Austria in the finisher stage (67 to 113 kg body weight). For on average 50 days, 30 castrated male and 30 female pigs were fed isonitrogenous diets (135 g/kg crude protein, 8.0 g/kg lysine) supplemented with increasing levels of crystalline Thr. Total dietary Thr contents (g/kg) were 4.9 (basal diet), 5.0, 5.4, 5.8, 6.1, 6.5, corresponding to a Thr:Lys ratio of about 0.60, 0.64, 0.68, 0.73, 0.76, 0.81. Dietary Thr concentration of 5.4 g/kg improved daily gains by about 15 percentage points (P < 0.05) and the feed conversion ratio by about 7 percentage points, compared to pigs fed the basal diet (4.9 g/kg Thr). Increasing dietary Thr above 5.4 g/kg had no further effects on performance. The blood plasma urea concentration was minimized at a dietary Thr concentration of 6.1 g/kg. For all treatments there was a low effect of dietary Thr supply on carcass quality. Goblet cell density in the small intestine and colon did not differ between different levels of dietary Thr. Based on the results of growth performance, an optimum total dietary Thr:Lys ratio in the finisher stage of pigs ranges from 0.66 to 0.68. Keywords: threonine, pigs, urea, goblet cell, requirement Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 447-455 Volume: 52 Issue: 12 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2334-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2334-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200712-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:52:y:2007:i:12:id:2334-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Christodoulou Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Foundation, Giannitsa, Greece Author-Name: V.A. Bampidis Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Foundation, Giannitsa, Greece Author-Name: P.H. Robinson Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA Author-Name: C.J. Israilides Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, National Agricultural Research Foundation, Lycovrissi Athens, Greece Author-Name: A. Giouzelyiannis Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Foundation, Giannitsa, Greece Author-Name: A. Vlyssides Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University, Athens, Greece Title: Nutritional and net energy value of fermented olive wastes in rations of lactating ewes Abstract: In an experiment with 18 lactating Chios ewes, the replacement of barley grain, wheat grain, sugar beet pulp and lucerne meal with fermented olive wastes (FOW), maize grain and soybean meal was used to formulate diets that allowed the net energy (NE) for lactation (NEl) density of FOW to be calculated. In the experiment, which lasted 8 weeks, ewes were allocated, after equal distribution for milk yield, body weight (BW) and lactation number, into three treatments of 6 ewes each in a Youden square experimental design with 4 consecutive periods of 14 days. Ewes in all groups were offered a concentrate mixture ad libitum (1.12 kg/ewe/day, dry matter (DM) basis) and lucerne hay (0.90 kg/ewe/day, DM basis). FOW were added to the concentrate mixture at inclusion levels (on an as-fed basis) of 0, 100 and 200 kg/t for treatments FOW0, FOW100 and FOW200, respectively. There were no differences among groups in milk protein (60.0 g/kg), lactose (53.0 g/kg) or ash (9.6 g/kg) contents, but milk fat content increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing dietary levels of FOW. Average milk yield (1 137 g/day) and yields of components tended (P < 0.10) to decrease with increased FOW feeding. The best estimate of the NEl density of FOW was 2.55 MJ/kg DM at 2.7×M NE intake, a value only slightly lower than that of 2.62 at 2.7×M based upon a Van Soest et al. (1984) discount from equations of Van Es (1978), who suggested 3.00 MJ/kg DM at 1.1×M of NE intake. FOW is a low protein, high fibre and low NEl feedstuff that will be of limited value in rations of high producing lactating ewes. Keywords: fermented olive wastes, Chios ewes, milk yield, milk composition Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 456-462 Volume: 52 Issue: 12 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2332-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2332-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200712-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:52:y:2007:i:12:id:2332-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C.L. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou, China Author-Name: S.S. Hou Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China Author-Name: Y.H. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou, China Author-Name: F.Z. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, China Author-Name: M. Xie Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China Title: Feed input and excreta collection time in metabolisable energy assays for ducks Abstract: Three experiments were conducted to determine the optimal feed input and excreta collection time by a bioassay of dietary true metabolisable energy (TME) for ducks. In experiment 1 and experiment 2, the time for the unabsorbed feed passage through the alimentary canal was determined by measuring the DM and energy of excreta and feed residues in the alimentary canal at different periods. In experiment 3, the feed input of force-feeding was studied and a total of 70 mature Pekin drakes were allotted to 7 groups, each group containing 10 birds. After fasting for 36 h, one group served as a negative control to measure metabolic faecal energy plus endogenous urinary energy and the drakes of the other 6 groups were force-fed pelleted feed 30 g, 50 g, 70 g, 90 g, 110 g, and 150 g per bird, respectively. Energy excretion of the periods of 16-28 h after force-feeding was significantly higher than that of the periods after 32 h, and the total energy excretion of the periods after 32 h (P < 0.05). When the feed input increased from 30 g to 70 g, the value of TME was constant (P > 0.05). Metabolisable energy decreased significantly with an increase in feed input when the feed input was higher than 70 g (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the optimal time of feed withdrawal before tube-feeding and during excreta collection would be 32-36 h. The optimal feed input was 50 g to 70 g per drake. Keywords: metabolisable energy, bioassay method, force-feeding Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 463-468 Volume: 52 Issue: 12 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2331-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2331-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200712-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:52:y:2007:i:12:id:2331-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: VOLUME 52, CONTENTS and AUTHOR INDEX Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 469-476 Volume: 52 Issue: 12 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2335-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2335-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:52:y:2007:i:12:id:2335-CJAS