Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Zídek Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Physiology, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Miholová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Influence of elevated content of cadmium and arsenic in diet containing feeding yeast on organisms of rats Abstract: The influence of elevated cadmium content in diet on the content of this element in liver, kidney and testes of 68 male rats was studied in dependence on the chemical form of applied cadmium (as inorganic salt - CdCl2 and organically bound in yeast cells); the influence of elevated arsenic content (as NaAsO2) in diet on its content in the same organs was also investigated. The interactions between arsenic and cadmium in the above-mentioned organs were studied. The addition of cadmium to the diet of rats significantly (P < 0.05) increased cadmium content in several organs. The addition of yeast containing the natural level of Cd increased the content of cadmium in liver and kidney of experimental animals significantly (P < 0.05). A significantly (P < 0.05) increased cadmium accumulation in organs was observed after the addition of Cd as CdCl2, compared with the addition of Cd as organically bound Cd in yeast cells. At the same time, the addition of yeasts containing the natural level of Cd decreased the Cd accumulation applied as CdCl2 in the examined organs. The addition of sodium arsenite to the diet of rats led to a significantly (P < 0.05) increased arsenic content in all the analyzed organs. The addition of yeasts to the diet increased arsenic content in liver and at the same time suppressed its content in kidneys of experimental animals. The interaction between arsenic and cadmium applied simultaneously was evident. The addition of As to the diet decreased the accumulation of Cd in kidney and increased its accumulation in testes. The addition of Cd to the diet increased arsenic content in liver and kidney and decreased its content in testes. Keywords: risk elements, interaction, accumulation, liver, kidney, testes Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 1-9 Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1739-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1739-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200901-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:1:id:1739-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T.C. Loh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: S.W. Chong Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: H.L. Foo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: F.L. Law Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Title: Effects on growth performance, faecal microflora and plasma cholesterol after supplementation of spray-dried metabolite to postweaning rats Abstract: A study was conducted to study the effects of feeding a spray-dried metabolite (SDM) produced by Lb. Plantarum I-UL4 in the diets of postweaning rats on growth performance, faecal pH, Enterobacteriaceae bacterial and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts in the faeces and on plasma cholesterol concentrations. A total of 15 female 4-weeks-old Sprague dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups of diets: basal diet (control), 0.25% SDM and 0.5% SDM diets. Daily feed intake, daily growth rate, blood plasma for total cholesterol concentration and faecal Enterobacteriaceae and LAB were measured. The growth rate, total feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and pH were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among all the treatment groups. The faecal Enterobacteriaceae counts in the 0.25% and 0.5% groups were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the LAB counts among all the treatment groups. The plasma cholesterol concentration was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) following the feeding of the metabolite. The control had the highest concentration of cholesterol. However, the 0.5% SDM group had the lowest plasma cholesterol concentration, followed by the 0.25% SDM group. Keywords: metabolite, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Enterobacteriaceae, plasma cholesterol, rats Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 10-16 Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1738-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1738-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200901-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:1:id:1738-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Tůmová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Skřivan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Englmaierová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Zita Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Czech Republic Title: The effect of genotype, housing system and egg collection time on egg quality in egg type hens Abstract: The effect of egg collection time, genotype and housing system on egg quality characteristics was evaluated in an experiment with laying hens of ISA Brown, Hisex Brown and Moravia housed on litter and in conventional cages. The experiment was conducted from 20 to 64 weeks of age. Eggs were collected and recorded daily at 06:00, 10:00 and 14:00 h. Once every four weeks, two days in row, all eggs laid from each pen or cage at each oviposition time were used for egg quality analyses (total 1 694 eggs). Egg collection time was dependent on genotype. Significantly more eggs were laid at 06:00h by ISA Brown while Moravia laid eggs mainly at 10:00 and 14:00 h. Housing on litter postponed the time of oviposition. The highest egg weight (62.09 g) was recorded in Hisex Brown genotype placed in cages and at 06.00 h. Interactions of all factors were determined also in Haugh units (P ≤ 0.041). Eggshell strength was affected by housing system, genotype and egg collection time (P ≤ 0.049). It was higher in cages than on litter, and lower in the Moravia genotype in comparison with the other two strains. Keywords: egg quality, genotype, housing system, collection time, hens Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 17-23 Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1736-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1736-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200901-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:1:id:1736-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Mátéová Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Gaálová Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Šály Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Fialkovičová Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic Title: Investigation of the effect of probiotics and potentiated probiotics on productivity of laying hens Abstract: Probiotic bacteria are used to balance a disturbed intestinal microflora and dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). They could be an effective alternative to the use of synthetic substances in nutrition and medicine. We investigated the effect of probiotics and potentiated probiotics on the productivity of laying hens. An experiment was carried out on 30 hens of the Hyssex layer hybrid starting from week 30 of laying. The hens were divided into three groups, 10 hens in each (K - control group, L - hens supplemented with probiotics and L + E - hens fed probiotics potentiated with essential oils). No statistically significant differences among the groups were observed in the quality of eggs. Biochemical determination of yolk cholesterol showed an insignificant difference after 25 days of feeding the probiotics. By day 50 of the experiment, yolk cholesterol decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in group L + E and insignificantly in group L of layers. Biochemical examination of blood serum detected an insignificant decrease in the activity of ALT, serum cholesterol and total lipids. Our results allowed us to conclude that probiotics and potentiated probiotics favourably affected the investigated hens and their products. Keywords: laying hen, probiotic, potentiated probiotic, egg cholesterol Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 24-30 Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1735-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1735-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200901-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:1:id:1735-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Pípalová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Květ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Adámek Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Title: Limnological changes in a pond ecosystem caused by grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) low stocking density Abstract: Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) stocked (29 kg/ha) in a small pond reduced the biomass of aquatic macrophytes from 109 g/m2 to 33 g/m2 during one growing season. The only changes in hydrochemical parameters (pH, alkalinity, acidity, BOD5, CODMn, NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, TN, PO4-P and TP) associated with the grass carp stocking were a decrease in pH (from 8.43 to 7.57) and in NO3-N concentration (from 0.99 mg/l to 0.56 mg/l). The increases in organic matter content and NO3-N concentration in the surface sediment layer were higher in the control pond than in the pond stocked with grass carp. No changes were detected in the other parameters (NH4-N, PO4-P and TP) in the upper sediment layer and between all parameters measured in the lower inorganic layer. The grass carp grazing had no impact on phytoplankton biomass (concentration of chlorophyll-a) or species composition. There were no changes either in the abundance or in the species composition of zooplankton and zoobenthos induced by grass carp. Statistically significant indirect changes (in water and sediment chemistry) following the grass carp stocking were connected especially with a reduction in the biomass of the filamentous alga (Cladophora globulina) or rather with its maintenance in the control pond. Keywords: aquatic macrophytes, water and sediment chemistry, phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 31-45 Volume: 54 Issue: 1 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1737-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1737-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200901-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:1:id:1737-CJAS