Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Kamieniecki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ruminant Science, Agricultural University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: J. Wójcik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ruminant Science, Agricultural University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: R. Pilarczyk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ruminant Science, Agricultural University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: K. Lachowicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Meat Technology, Agricultural University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: M. Sobczak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Meat Technology, Agricultural University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: W. Grzesiak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ruminant Science, Agricultural University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: P. Błaszczyk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ruminant Science, Agricultural University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Title: Growth and carcass performance of bull calves born from Hereford, Simmental and Charolais cows sired by Charolais bulls Abstract: The analysis comprised purebred Charolais bull calves (CH) and crossbred bull calves born from Hereford (CH × HE) and Simmental (CH × SI) cows. Body weights and daily gains were measured in subsequent periods of the experiment and the post-slaughter evaluation was carried out. Carcass lean weight and dressing percentage were evaluated, as well as the lean content of five prime cuts. Total weight of the five prime cuts was measured and its share in the half-carcass weight was determined. The rib-eye area was also measured. The CH × SI crossbreds reached significantly higher body weights at weaning, 210-day body weights and weights at finishing, as well as significantly higher daily gains in all the periods (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and were characterized by the heaviest carcasses and most cuts, particularly the round. The crossbreds had the highest total weight of five prime cuts and total lean weight, highest weight of the round and lean weight in the round. Other relationships were found analyzing the share of each cut in the carcass. The share of tenderloin and rump in the carcass of CH × SI was significantly lower compared to the purebred bulls (P < 0.01) and CH × HE (P < 0.05). They also had a significantly lower share of the shoulder, shank and shin, as compared to the other groups, as well as a significantly higher (P < 0.05) share of the neck, as compared to the purebred bulls. The purebred bulls also achieved good results and had the highest share of the prime cuts and the largest mean rib-eye area. Keywords: beef bull calves, crossbreds, body weight, daily gains, carcass performance Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 47-54 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1669-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1669-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200902-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:2:id:1669-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Čítek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Řehout Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Hájková Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Congenital disorders in the cattle population of the Czech Republic Abstract: The aim of the paper was to analyse congenital disorders in the Czech cattle population in 1986-2001. The offspring of 474 sires - 215 Czech Simmental, 236 Holstein, and 23 beef - were diagnosed with congenital disorders which were unevenly distributed because only 18 occurred in the progeny of 10 and more sires, in contrast to 88 occurring in the progeny of 1 sire only. Umbilical hernia was the most frequently noted disorder, and 136 sires fathered progeny with limb anomalies. The most frequent gestational accident was schistosomus reflexus, the results suggesting a familial burden. Three sires fathering offspring with the afflicted spinal column and limbs were heterozygous for Complex Vertebral Malformation (CVM) though they had not been reported as such. Foetal defects and stillbirth were quite frequent, and the calves affected were fathered by 56 sires. In rare disorders with a low incidence, an accurate genetic analysis or even simple discrimination between inherited and acquired defects is problematic. It would be our recommendation that those sires with a higher incidence of defects among their offspring should be disqualified from fathering stock bulls, or culled. Keywords: cattle, health, genetics, congenital defect, inherited disorder, stillbirth Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 55-64 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1668-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1668-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200902-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:2:id:1668-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Cempírková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Mikulová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Incidence of psychrotrophic lipolytic bacteria in cow's raw milk Abstract: The contamination of bulk samples of cow's raw milk (n = 491) by psychrotrophic lipolytic bacteria (PLiBC), total count of psychrotrophic bacteria (PBC) and mesophilic bacteria (TBC) was monitored for two years on eight dairy farms and the correlations among these groups of bacteria were analysed. An increase in TBC, PBC and PLiBC and in the values of free fatty acids (FFA) was tested experimentally in three milk samples in relation to time (analyses were done in 24-hour intervals until 96 hours) and storage temperature of milk samples (4; 6.5 and 10°C). Bacterial contamination of milk was determined by culture methods in accordance with IDF standards, the values of FFA were determined by an extraction-titration method. These mean values were determined in the set of samples (n = 491): PLiBC 659 CFU/ml, PBC 2 932 CFU/ml and TBC 18 932 CFU/ml. A high correlation was proved between values of PBC and PLiBC (r = 0.87; P < 0.001) while the correlation between TBC and PBC (r = 0.65; P < 0.001) and between PLiBC and TBC (r = 0.59; P < 0.001) was on a medium level. The proportional index pI for PLiBC/PBC was 0.20, for PLiBC/TBC 0.03 and for PBC/TBC 0.16. In seasonal dynamics a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001; P < 0.05) between the increased values of TBC in the summer season was proved compared to the winter and spring season. The differences in the seasonal variation of PBC and PLiBC values were not significant. Experimental investigation of an increase in the values of tested parameters showed that at temperatures of milk sample storage 4 and 6.5°C TBC did not exceed the permissible hygienic value (100 000 CFU/ml) even after 96 hours while at 10°C it amounted to 90 000 CFU/ml after 48 hours and the limit for TBC was exceeded several times after 96 hours. PBC, which is not inhibited by cold storage to such a large extent, did not exceed the hygienic limit value for PBC (50 000 CFU/ml) even after 96 hours when milk samples were stored at 4°C, but at 6.5°C after 72 hours and at 10°C already after 48 hours the values 6 and 20 times higher, respectively, than the hygienic limit were recorded. A similar trend was observed in PLiBC, which exceeded the hazardous limit (43 000 CFU/ml) at 6.5°C after 96 hours and at 10°C already after 48 hours whereas at 4°C the limit value was not exceeded even after 96 hours. The content of FFA also increased in relation to the storage time and temperature of milk samples but in comparison with the increase in the tested groups of microorganisms the increase in FFA showed a higher correlation with storage time compared to storage temperature. A medium correlation was calculated between PLiBC and/or PBC and FFA content (r = 0.52; r = 0.57; P < 0.001). Keywords: cow, raw milk, psychrotrophic lipolytic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, total bacteria count, free fatty acids, lipolysis Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 65-73 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1667-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1667-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200902-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:2:id:1667-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W.B. Bao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China Author-Name: J.T. Shu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China Author-Name: X.S. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China Author-Name: H.H. Musa Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China Author-Name: C.L. Ji Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China Author-Name: G.H. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China Title: Genetic diversity and relationship between genetic distance and geographical distance in 14 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds and red jungle fowl Abstract: Genetic diversity and the relationship between genetic distance and geographical distance in red jungle fowl and 14 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds were evaluated using 29 microsatellite loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 25 and the average expected heterozygosity and PIC of all loci were 0.6683 and 0.50, respectively. The average number of alleles per locus ranged from 3.41 in Gushi chicken breed to 6.28 in Wannan Three-yellow chicken breed. The overall expected heterozygosity of 15 Chinese chicken breeds was 0.6686 ± 0.0254 and all breeds showed relatively large heterozygosity. The average of genetic differentiation among populations was 16.4% (P < 0.001). Red jungle fowl and Gushi chicken had distant genetic relationship from other breeds, while Huainan Partridge and Tibetan chicken were more closely related with other breeds. The results did not provide enough support for a significant correlation between the genetic and geographical pair-wise distances. Keywords: genetic diversity, microsatellite, genetic distance, geographical distance, chicken Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 74-83 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1666-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1666-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200902-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:2:id:1666-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Jalč Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Lauková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Simonová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Z. Váradyová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: P. Homolka Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: The use of bacterial inoculants for grass silage: their effects on nutrient composition and fermentation parameters in grass silages Abstract: The effect of three microbial inoculants (Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 4000, L. fermentum LF2, and Enterococcus faecium CCM 4231) on the fermentation and nutritive value of orchard grass silage was studied under laboratory conditions. The first-cut orchard grass (280 g of dry matter/kg) was ensiled at 21°C for 105 days. All inoculants were applied at 1.0 × 10(9) CFU/ml. Uninoculated silage served as control. After inoculation, the chopped orchard grass was ensiled in 40 (1 l) plastic jars divided into four groups. The counts of the silage inoculants dominated on day 21 of ensiling: CCM 4231 strain amounted to 9.40 ± 0.30 (log10) CFU/g followed by LF2 (8.69 ± 0.39 CFU/g) and by CCM 4000 (7.55 ± 0.39 CFU/g). However, on day 105 (the end of ensiling) the highest counts of L. plantarum CCM 4000 were determined. Overall, microbial inoculants generally had a positive effect on orchard grass silage characteristics in terms of lower pH and higher lactic acid concentration. The inoculants significantly increased the lactic to acetic acid ratio in inoculated silages. The total concentration of acids (acetic, propionic, n-butyric, lactic acid) was 2-3 times higher in inoculated silages compared to control silage. The percentage proportion of fatty acids - SFA, UFA, SCFA and MCFA - was similar in all grass silages. Only the proportions of LCFA - α- linolenic acid (C18:3) were lower (P < 0.001) while those of oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) were higher (P < 0.001) in inoculated silages in comparison with control silage. Keywords: orchard grass, silage, bacterial inoculants, quality Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 84-91 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1665-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1665-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200902-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:2:id:1665-CJAS