Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Třináctý Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Cattle Breeding, Ltd., Rapotín, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Křížová Author-Workplace-Name: Agriresearch Rapotín, Ltd., Czech republic Author-Name: M. Richter Author-Workplace-Name: Agriresearch Rapotín, Ltd., Czech republic Author-Name: V. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Milcom, Inc., Plant Tábor, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Říha Author-Workplace-Name: Agriresearch Rapotín, Ltd., Czech republic Title: Effect of rumen-protected methionine, lysine or both on milk production and plasma amino acids of high-yielding dairy cows Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplemental lysine (Lys), methionine (Met) or both amino acids added in the form of rumen-protected (RP) tablets with copolymer coating to a diet of dairy cows on yield and composition of milk and concentration of plasma amino acids (AA). The experiment was carried out on four high-yielding lactating Holstein cows with average milk production of 33.5 kg/day in the form of Latin square design. The four treatments were as follows: C - control without AA supplementation, L - control plus supplement of RP Lys, M - control plus supplement of RP Met and ML - control plus supplement of RP Met and Lys. The experiment was divided into 4 periods. Each period (14 days) consisted of 10-day preliminary period and 4-day experimental period. Cows were fed a diet based on maize silage, lucerne hay and supplemental mixture. Average milk yield recorded in ML was 34.18 kg and was higher than that recorded in L or M (32.46 kg and 32.13 kg, respectively P < 0.05) and tended to be higher than in C (33.33 kg, P > 0.05). The content of protein and casein was higher in L and ML in comparison with C (P < 0.05) and tended to be higher than in M (P > 0.05). Protein yield in ML (1 054 g/day) was higher than that found in C, L or M (990, 998 or 968 g/day, respectively, P < 0.05). The same response was found for casein yield (P < 0.05). Although the proportion of individual casein fractions was not affected by the treatment, the yield of α- and β-casein differed (P < 0.05) while the yield of κ-casein was not affected by the treatment. Concentrations of blood metabolites, except for betahydroxybutyrate (BHB), were not changed. Plasma Met concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) in the M and ML group. Similar, but insignificant increases (P > 0.05) were also observed in plasma Lys in the L and ML group. Keywords: amino acids, rumen protection, dairy cow, lactation performance, plasma amino acids Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 239-248 Volume: 54 Issue: 6 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1730-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1730-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200906-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:6:id:1730-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Krupová Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Production Research centre Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Huba Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Production Research centre Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Daňo Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Production Research centre Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: E. Krupa Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Production Research centre Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Oravcová Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Production Research centre Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: D. Peškovičová Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Production Research centre Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Economic weights of production and functional traits in dairy cattle under a direct subsidy regime Abstract: : Economic weights (EW) for the Slovak dairy production system were calculated in Holstein, Slovak Simmental, and Slovak Pinzgau breeds under a direct support regime using a bio-economic approach. EW were calculated for three scenarios (A: without agricultural subsidies; B: agricultural subsidies included in revenues and C: agricultural subsidies included in feeding costs). Quota-free milk production was assumed in all scenarios. The base price of milk was corrected according to real fat, protein and somatic cell content. Under the given economic and production conditions, only the Holstein system in scenario A was economically profitable. All simulated systems were profit-making when agricultural subsidies were taken into account (B and C). No influence of subsidies on EW of traits in scenario B was found. Most of the evaluated traits (especially milk and functional traits) showed higher marginal economic weights when subsidies were considered in feeding costs (C). Regardless of the scenarios, milk components were of higher relative economic importance for Holstein cattle than for Slovak Simmental and Slovak Pinzgau cattle. The relative EW of mature weight of cows and daily gain of calves mostly declined in scenario C. A meaningful effect of direct subsidy and milk production level on the economic efficiency of Slovak Simmental and Slovak Pinzgau cattle was found. Handling direct subsidy in scenario C seems to be suitable methodology to avoid the underestimation of EW for milk and functional traits. Keywords: dairy cattle, economic value, support regime, production traits, functional traits Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 249-259 Volume: 54 Issue: 6 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1731-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1731-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200906-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:6:id:1731-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Niwińska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland Title: Effect of carbohydrates in grass silage-based diets on in sacco ruminal degradability of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Lomerit) grain ground to different particle sizes Abstract: The effect of carbohydrates included in grass silage-based diets on in sacco degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and cellulose (CE) of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Lomerit) grain ground to different particle sizes was studied using 3 ruminally cannulated cows. The measurements were carried out as a 3 × 2 Latin square design with treatments being carbohydrates in the concentrate portion of diets (starch in diet I vs. pectin in diet II vs. sucrose in diet III) and particle size of ground barley grain (1.0 vs. 5.7 mm). The diet synchronization index between N and energy supply during the day was an average of 0.8. The rumen degradability of barley grain compounds was influenced by the type of carbohydrates included in grass silage-based diets. Higher rumen degradation rates (P < 0.05) of barley CP, NDF and CE after 8 h of incubation and of CP and CE after 16 h of incubation were found in the rumen of cows receiving the diet containing sucrose compared with degradation rates found in the rumen of cows receiving the diet containing pectin or starch. The effective degradability of DM, CP, NDF and CE of barley grain in the rumen of cows receiving diets I, II and III was similar (77, 74, 39 and 41%, respectively). Replacing barley starch or beet pulp pectin with molasses sucrose in the grass silage-based diet resulted in the higher rate of barley CP, NDF and CE degradation after 8 h of incubation and of CP and CE after 16 h of incubation. It seems that the energy availability from carbohydrates affected the ruminal microbial activity as a consequence of the degradation rate of substrates. Higher (P < 0.01) rumen degradability of CP, NDF and CE after 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h of incubation was estimated for 1.0 mm particle size in comparison with that found for grain ground to 5.7 mm particle size, and the degradability of CP after 48 h of incubation was not different (P > 0.05). The degradability of barley grain CP, NDF and CE during incubation time was not influenced by the diet composition by particle size interaction (P > 0.05). The increase in barley grain particle size from 1.0 to 5.7 mm slowed down the rumen digestion of barley DM, CP, NDF and CE, probably due to restricted access to microbial digestion. Keywords: cattle, grass silage, nonstructural carbohydrates, rumen degradability Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 260-269 Volume: 54 Issue: 6 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1732-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1732-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200906-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:6:id:1732-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Simon Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Antalíková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Ľ. Horovská Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Jankovičová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic Author-Name: K. Fábryová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic Author-Name: S. Hluchý Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: P. Chrenek Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural Research Centre, Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: V. Tančin Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural Research Centre, Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Analysis of rabbit cell surface (CD) antigens by means of cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies with specificity for cattle CD antigens Abstract: Studies that involved testing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for cross-species reactivity proved to be efficient for the identification of previously unrecognized antigens in a number of different species. Twenty-six mAbs specific to different bovine CD (cluster defined) antigens (CD9, CD18, CD45R, CD41/61, CD62L, MHC class I and bovine IgG light chain molecule) were assayed for reactivity with rabbit peripheral blood leukocytes. Four of the mAbs recognizing CD9 and CD41/61 were reactive with rabbit platelets or granulocytes. These were investigated further by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining. The study identified CD9 and CD41/61 molecules on rabbit cells by mAbs IVA-50 and IVA-38. It showed that IVA-50 is a new valuable CD9 reagent for rabbit immunology which could be used for immunofluorescence staining or ELISA assay, immunohistological and molecular studies of rabbit CD9 antigen. IVA-38 recognizes the CD41/61 on rabbit platelets in indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA assay. Keywords: blood cells, tissue, CD9, CD41/61 Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 270-276 Volume: 54 Issue: 6 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1728-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1728-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200906-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:6:id:1728-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Asadi Alamouti Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: G.R. Ghorbani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: M. Alikhani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: H.R. Rahmani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: A. Teimouri Yansari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, University of Mazandaran, Sari, Iran Author-Name: K.H. Südekum Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Title: Effects of lucerne particle size and source of dietary carbohydrates on in situ degradation and ruminal variables in sheep Abstract: The effects of altering forage particle size and source of rapidly degradable carbohydrates on in situ degradation and ruminal variables were studied in four Iranian male sheep. The study was designed as a Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments including two carbohydrate sources (pelleted beet pulp vs. maize- and barley-based concentrate) and two lucerne particle sizes (2.38 vs. 0.94 mm). Kinetics of disappearance of lucerne, concentrates and mixed samples was studied in situ. Among feed samples, the degradation rate constant of lucerne dry matter was higher (P < 0.02) and disappearance of lucerne neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in 4 h of incubation was lower (P = 0.06) in diets with reduced particle size. The rapidly degradable fraction of lucerne samples was also affected by treatments. Other degradability components were not affected. The mean ruminal pH was lower in diets containing short hay than in those containing long hay (5.76 vs. 5.86, P < 0.006) and pH values were consistently lower immediately after feeding diets with short lucerne hay. The form of carbohydrates did not affect ruminal pH, however, altering the source of carbohydrates changed the pattern of pH over time. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and proportions of individual VFA were similar but numerical differences indicated a lower acetate to propionate ratio in diets with short hay. Most of the affected variables were influenced by the particle size of forage to a larger extent than by the source of rapidly degradable carbohydrates or the interaction between them. So, when sheep diets contain no more than 250 g/kg starch, the source of dietary carbohydrates may not interact with forage particle size to affect DM degradability and ruminal fermentation. Keywords: forage particle size, carbohydrates, rumen, degradation, sheep Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 277-285 Volume: 54 Issue: 6 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1729-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1729-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200906-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:6:id:1729-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Kozák Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology at Vodňany, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Buřič Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology at Vodňany, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kanta Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology at Vodňany, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Kouba Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology at Vodňany, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Hamr Author-Workplace-Name: Science Department, Upper Canada College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Author-Name: T. Policar Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology at Vodňany, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Title: The effect of water temperature on the number of moults and growth of juvenile signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana Abstract: The growth rate, frequency of moulting, and intermoult intervals of juvenile Pacifastacus leniusculus were studied under experimental conditions over a period of 3 months. Juveniles were reared individually in small boxes at two different temperatures: 14.31 ± 0.64°C (cold water) and 20.54 ± 0.69°C (warm water). Although the average weight and length of consecutive stages were similar at both temperatures, juveniles in warm water attained more moults. Within the age group juveniles achieved a higher length and weight in warm water than in cold water. Three month-old juveniles reached 147 mg and 18.5 mm in cold water at the 6th stage of development, and 259 mg and 22.2 mm in warm water at the 8th stage. Specific growth rate (SGR) decreased (5.6 and 10.4 for cold and warm water in the first stage, respectively) and reached final values of 1.4 and 1.5 after 3 months of growth. SGR was significantly higher in warm water and showed negative correlations with the number of days after hatching and number of moults. Duration of intermoult periods was significantly influenced by water temperature, with five moults attained in cold water compared to seven in warm water. All intermoult periods were significantly longer in cold water than in warm water. The average percent weight and length increments decreased with increasing number of moults, length, weight and number of days after hatching. In warm water increments were higher (89.8% and 21.8% for weight and length, respectively) than in cold water (68.5% and 20.3% for weight and length, respectively), and the decrease was faster. However, the final values were similar at both temperatures (about 36% and 11% for weight and length, respectively). The mean absolute weight and length moult increments were not significantly influenced by water temperature. Although the temperature influenced growth due to the number of moults, the duration of individual intermoult periods did not affect the weight and length of juveniles in particular stages. Keywords: Pacifastacus leniusculus, moulting, developmental stage, growth, temperature Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 286-292 Volume: 54 Issue: 6 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1727-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1727-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200906-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:6:id:1727-CJAS