Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Krejčová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Petr Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Krejčová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Kheilová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effects of cycloheximide or 6-dimethyl aminopurine on the parthenogenetic activation of pig oocytes using pulsatile treatment with nitric oxide donor Abstract: Pig oocytes matured in vitro were parthenogenetically activated using nitric oxide donor SNAP (2mM). Continuous treatment successfully activated the oocytes only after more than 12 hours of exposure. Pulsatile treatments during which oocytes were repeatedly exposed to 2mM SNAP for a short time (10, 20 or 30 minutes) were more efficient with regard to the activation rate, even when the total exposure time did not exceed 4 hours. Parthenogenetic development was very limited after continuous treatment with 2mM SNAP. A significantly higher proportion of developing parthenogenetic embryos was observed after the pulsatile treatment (development to the morula stage 0 vs. 18%; development to the blastocyst 0 vs. 7%; P < 0.05). However, this developmental rate was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the development induced by conventional activation treatment with calcium ionophore (development to the morula stage, 23%; development to the blastocyst stage, 18%). When we combined pulsatile SNAP-treatment with the effect of protein kinase inhibitor 6-dimethyl aminopurine (6-DMAP) (2mM 6-DMAP for 2 hours) or with the inhibitor of protein synthesis cycloheximide (CHX) (10 µM CHX for 2 hours), we observed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the activation rate when compared to the respective pulsatile SNAP-treatment without 6-DMAP or CHX (63 vs. 78% of activated oocytes for 6-DMAP; 63 vs. 83% of activated oocytes for CHX). However, the development of parthenogenetic embryos was not enhanced when the pulsatile SNAP-treatment was combined with 6-DMAP or with CHX. Keywords: activation, nitric oxide, oocyte, pig Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 293-306 Volume: 54 Issue: 7 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1724-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1724-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200907-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:7:id:1724-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Bolado-Martínez Author-Workplace-Name: Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a la Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, México Author-Name: E. Acedo-Félix Author-Workplace-Name: Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a la Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, México Title: Differentiation of porcine wild-type lactobacilli strains, with ERIC-PCR and PFGE band patterns included in polyphasic taxonomy Abstract: Probiotic administration is an alternative to antibiotic supplementation in pig management. However, potential probiotic microorganisms included in foods must be well defined and correctly named, on the basis of a valid taxonomic system. The aim of the present study was to analyze band patterns generated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences (ERIC-PCR), obtained from porcine wild-type Lactobacillus strains, as a rapid alternative for genotypic characterization in polyphasic taxonomy. In the present study 36 porcine wild-type Lactobacillus strains were analyzed by polyphasic taxonomy which included API 50 CHL system, ERIC-PCR, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) band analysis, after digestion with XbaI or SpeI restriction enzymes. Polyphasic taxonomy discriminated among 23 strains of Lactobacillus reuteri, 12 strains of Lactobacillus salivarius and one strain of Lactobacillus mucosae. None of the tested methods was able to reliably resolve the three selected species of lactobacilli at a strain level. However, results improved considerably when ERIC-PCR results were combined with phenotypic characterization, and those results were comparable to the taxonomy that included PFGE. Keywords: Lactobacillus, porcine lactobacilli phenotypic characterization, genotypic characterization Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 307-314 Volume: 54 Issue: 7 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1722-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1722-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200907-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:7:id:1722-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Jančík Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Koukolová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Kubelková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Čermák Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Effects of grass species on ruminal degradability of silages and prediction of dry matter effective degradability Abstract: Forty samples of grass silages, made from the five most widely used grass species in ruminant nutrition (Dactylis glomerata L.,Phleum pratense L., Lolium perenne L., Festuca arundinacea L. and hybrid Felina) were tested in the present study. These grass species conserved by an ensiling process were compared among each other according to dry matter (DM) rumen degradability parameters (a = portion of DM solubilized at initiation of incubation, b = fraction of DM potentially degradable in the rumen, c = rate constant of disappearance of fraction b and EDDM = effective degradability of DM, estimated for each ingredient assuming the rumen solid outflow rates of 0.02 (EDDM2), 0.05 (EDDM5) and 0.08 (EDDM8) h-1). Based on the chemical composition of grass silages the regression equations for prediction of EDDM were evaluated. The influence of the ensiling process on dry matter degradability parameters was also assessed. The best values of EDDM were determined for Lolium perenne (EDDM2 = 753.2, EDDM5 = 631.1 and EDDM8 = 567.7 g/kg DM). The best predictor was NDF (R2-values of 0.757 (EDDM2), 0.863 (EDDM5) and 0.906 (EDDM8)). Using two predictors the accuracy level increased. The combination of CF and NDF gave R2-values 0.892, 0.920 and 0.929 for EDDM2, EDDM5 and EDDM8, respectively. The regression equations based on the most important grass species harvested in different vegetation periods seem to be a useful tool for practical use. No significant P < 0.05) effect of the ensiling process in relation to dry matter rumen degradability parameters was proved. Keywords: grass silages, grass species, dry matter, in sacco, rumen degradability Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 315-323 Volume: 54 Issue: 7 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1725-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1725-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200907-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:7:id:1725-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Suchý Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Straková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Herzig Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Steinhauser Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: G. Králik Author-Workplace-Name: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Agriculture, Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: D. Zapletal Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Chemical composition of bone tissue in broiler chickens intended for slaughter Abstract: Selected parameters characterizing the chemical composition of bones were determined in 60 male and 60 female hybrid Ross 308 chickens aged 40 days at the end of the fattening period. The chickens received a complete feed mixture intended for pre-feeding (starter) in a period from the start of the experiment until Day 10, followed by the feed mixture intended for fattening until Day 30 (grower), and the feed mixture for the third phase of fattening, i.e. until Day 40 (finisher). The feed mixtures and drinking water were provided ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, chickens were slaughtered and the femur and the tibiotarsus from the right pelvic limb were collected and the following parameters were determined in wet tissue: dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) (N × 6.25), fat, ash, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg); the content of organic matter was calculated. The resultant values were recalculated to 100% of DM. Differences between males and females in the chemical composition of retrieved bones were investigated. The content of CP in wet tissue from both bones ranged from 354.0 ± 11.8 to 365.1 ± 14.3 g/kg being significantly lower (P < 0.01) in the tibiotarsus. Differences between sexes were very small. The content of fat in the bones ranged from 16.12 ± 8.71 to 16.17 ± 8.85 g/kg, with higher levels of fat being detected in female chickens (17.16 ± 8.53 to 17.24 ± 8.28 g/kg) as compared to male chickens (15.01 ± 9.05 to 15.19 ± 9.12 g/kg). No statistically significant differences between the femur and the tibiotarsus were detected. The levels of ash ranged from 472.2 ± 13.1 to 480.1 ± 10.83 g/kg, being statistically higher in the tibiotarsus in both male and female chickens (P < 0.01; P < 0.001). The levels of Ca ranged from 180.4 ± 8.57 to 181.6 ± 12.32 g/kg, showing higher values in both bones from female chickens (181.7 ± 9.17 to 183.8 ± 14.71 g/kg), as compared to male chickens (179.2 ± 7.8 to 179.3 ± 8.91 g/kg). No statistically significant changes were found. The levels of P ranged from 83.17 ± 9.82 to 83.29 ± 7.42 g/kg, with higher levels being observed in female chickens (84.1 ± 9.21 to 89.8 ± 7.47 g/kg), as compared to male chickens (76.5 ± 6.93 to 82.5 ± 5.00 g/kg). The levels of P were significantly higher in the femur (P < 0.001) in female chickens and in the tibiotarsus (P < 0.001) in male chickens. The Ca:P ratios for both analysed bones was greater in males (femur 2.20, tibiotarsus 2.21), as compared to females (femur 1.98, tibiotarsus 2.09). The mean weight of male and female broiler chickens on Day 40 was 2 694 ± 32.6 g and 2 345 ± 23.9 g, respectively. In comparison with the expected performance parameters of ROSS 308 hybrid chickens, the weight increased in both male and female chickens by 8.2% and 10.6%, respectively. Although the chickens grew very quickly, no clinical signs indicating pathological changes in the bone system were found. Keywords: Femur, tibiotarsus, ash, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, body weight Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 324-330 Volume: 54 Issue: 7 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1726-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1726-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200907-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:7:id:1726-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Wolnicki Author-Workplace-Name: Pond Fishery Department in Żabieniec, The Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: J. Sikorska Author-Workplace-Name: Pond Fishery Department in Żabieniec, The Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: R. Kamiński Author-Workplace-Name: Pond Fishery Department in Żabieniec, The Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Title: Response of larval and juvenile rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.) to different diets under controlled conditions 331 Abstract: The growth and survival of rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.) were evaluated in a laboratory at 25°C. In 20-day Experiment 1, first-feeding larvae at the age of 4 days post-hatch (initially: TL = 5.7 mm, BW = 0.9 mg) were fed live Artemia nauplii or commercial dry feed (Aller Futura Larvae, AFL) or combinations of both. Even the longest period of initial feeding of nauplii (6 days) was insufficient to obtain satisfactory larval growth after weaning to AFL (TL = 12.4 mm and BW = 17.7 mg vs. TL = 18.9 mm and BW = 68.5 mg for the nauplii-fed fish, significant differences). Nauplii-fed older larvae (24 days post-hatch) were then used in Experiment 2, in which they were fed AFL or Ewos AgloNorse (EAN) dry feeds for 40 days. The EAN diet proved to be significantly (P ≤ 0.05) superior to AFL regarding the final fish growth (TL = 36.5 mm and BW = 506.8 mg vs. TL = 33.4 mm and BW = 392.0 mg ), final survival rates (97.6% vs. 100%) and the incidence of spinal deformities (0% vs. 13.5%). Keywords: rudd, larvae, juveniles, feeding, growth, survival, body deformities Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 331-337 Volume: 54 Issue: 7 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1723-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1723-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200907-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:54:y:2009:i:7:id:1723-CJAS