Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Richter Author-Workplace-Name: Agriresearch Rapotin, Ltd., Department of Animal Nutrition and Quality of Livestock Products, Pohořelice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Svobodová Author-Workplace-Name: Agriresearch Rapotin, Ltd., Department of Animal Nutrition and Quality of Livestock Products, Pohořelice, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Křížová Author-Workplace-Name: Agriresearch Rapotin, Ltd., Department of Animal Nutrition and Quality of Livestock Products, Pohořelice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Třináctý Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Cattle Breeding, Ltd., Rapotín, Department of Animal Nutrition and Quality of Livestock Products, Pohořelice, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Homolka Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Effect of duodenal infusions of leucine on milk yield and plasma amino acids in dairy cows Abstract: Four high-yielding lactating Holstein cows fitted with duodenal cannulas were used in the experiment. Cows were divided into 2 groups - control (Control) with leucine deficiency and experimental (Leucine) with a leucine supplement. The experiment was divided into 4 periods of 7 days, each consisting of a 3-day preliminary period followed by a 4-day experimental period. In the first period, 2 cows were assigned to Control and the remaining 2 to Leucine. In the subsequent period the cows were switched to the other treatment. Cows were fed individually twice daily the basal diet based on maize silage, lucerne hay and supplemental mixture. Infusions of amino acids in Leucine consisted of methionine (12.6 g/day), lysine (20.7 g/day), histidine (10.7 g/day) and leucine (19.3 g/day). The composition of amino acid infusate in Control was the same except for leucine that was replaced with monosodium L-glutamate. The intake of dry matter was not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05). No effect of leucine infusion on milk yield and composition was observed (P > 0.05), nevertheless the concentration of protein and casein in milk tended to be higher in Leucine (38.3 and 31.3 g/kg) than in Control (37.4 and 30.4 g/kg, respectively, P < 0.1). The yield of milk components was not affected by the treatment (P > 0.05). Duodenal infusion of leucine resulted in a decreased plasma level of isoleucine in Leucine compared to Control (P < 0.01). Concentrations of leucine, cysteine and citrulline tended to be higher and the concentration of tyrosine tended to be lower in Leucine in comparison with Control (P < 0.10). Keywords: leucine, duodenal infusion, milk, plasma amino acids, dairy cow Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 351-358 Volume: 55 Issue: 9 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/210/2009-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/210/2009-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201009-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:9:id:210-2009-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Jančík Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Koukolová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Homolka Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Ruminal degradability of dry matter and neutral detergent fibre of grasses Abstract: A study was conducted (I) to determine rumen degradability (in sacco) of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) of the most important grass species grown in the Czech Republic, (II) to compare grass species (n = 5) according to calculated degradation parameters, and (III) to establish prediction equations for degradation parameters from chemical composition. Forty samples of the most important grass species (Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratense, Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Felina hybrid) were harvested in 2004 and 2005 and analyzed for chemical composition, and DM and NDF in sacco degradability. Results from the in sacco method were used to calculate DM and NDF degradation parameters. Linear and stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to develop prediction equations for DM and NDF degradation parameters from nutrient concentrations. The highest DM and NDF degradation parameters were found for Lolium perenne. DM and NDF rumen degradation parameters were successfully predicted from chemical composition, with a single predictor adequate for most parameters. For all parameters R2-values increased with addition of more predictors into regression equations. Effective degradability (ED) of DM calculated at a rumen outflow rate (k) of 0.05 h-1 was the best predicted by NDF (R2 = 0.878), and ED of NDF at k = 0.02 h-1 by crude protein (CP) (R2 = 0.653). Keywords: rumen degradation parameters, dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, in sacco method, prediction equations Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 359-371 Volume: 55 Issue: 9 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/211/2009-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/211/2009-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201009-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:9:id:211-2009-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Koukolová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Homolka Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Koukol Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Jančík Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Nutritive value of Trifolium pratense L. for ruminants estimated from in situ ruminal degradation of neutral detergent fibre and in vivo digestibility of organic matter and energy Abstract: Seven clover (Trifolium pratense L.) samples were collected at three different stages of the same sward (first growth (I), n = 3; first regrowth (II), n = 3; second regrowth (III), n = 1) during the growing season from 10th of May to 17th of August. Samples were analyzed for chemical composition, gross energy (GE) content, in vivo organic matter digestibility (OMD) and gross energy digestibility (GED) in sheep, and in situ rumen degradability of neutral detergent fibre (NDF). The contents of ash, crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), NDF, acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and GE were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the time of cutting. Average values of 119.2, 197.7, 214.1, 400.7, 296.2, 73.8 g/kg of dry matter (DM) and 18.2 MJ/kg of DM were obtained for ash, CP, CF, NDF, ADF, ADL and GE, respectively. In general, OMD and GED decreased as the cutting time progressed, with average values of 72.4% and 70.2%, respectively. Effective ruminal degradability (ED) of NDF generally decreased (P < 0.05) with the increasing date of cutting at each stage, with the values 66.1% (May 10), 63.6% (May 18), 59.2% (May 25), 64.8% (June 29), 57.4% (July 7), 56.9% (July 13) and 51.6% (August 17). In situ measurements were characterised by an average value of 77.1% for the fraction of NDF potentially degradable in the rumen (b), 0.0703 h-1 for the rate constant of disappearance of fraction b (c), and 77.7% for digestible NDF (DNDF). Keywords: clover, forage, vegetation stage, NDF, indigestible NDF, potential degradability Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 372-381 Volume: 55 Issue: 9 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/304/2009-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/304/2009-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201009-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:9:id:304-2009-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.R. Shi Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.Y. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China Author-Name: J.M. Zou Author-Workplace-Name: Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China Author-Name: H.M. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China Author-Name: N. Jiang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China Title: Effects of dietary threonine on growth performance and carcass traits of Yangzhou geese Abstract: A dose-response experiment with 5 total dietary threonine (Thr) levels (0.54, 0.64, 0.74, 0.84 and 0.94%) was conducted to study the effect of dietary Thr on growth performance and carcass traits of Yangzhou geese from 0 to 8 weeks of age. Three hundred 1-day-old Yangzhou goslings were randomly allocated to 15 pens with 20 birds (10 males and 10 females) per pen according to similar pen weight. There were 5 dietary treatments, consisting of 3 replicate pens. Weight gain, feed intake and feed/gain of geese from each pen were measured at 2-week intervals from 0 to 8 weeks. At 56 days of age, four geese (2 males and 2 females) were selected randomly from each pen and slaughtered to evaluate the carcass quality. The results showed that an increase in dietary Thr resulted in an increase and then a decrease in daily weight gain in both periods. Peak daily weight gain responses appeared in geese fed the 0.74%Thr diet in both periods (36.120 and 61.96 g, respectively). Thr supplementation significantly affected feed/gain in the 0-4 week period (P ≤ 0.045) and daily feed intake in the 5-8 week period (P ≤ 0.012). No significant linear or quadratic responses from Thr supplementation were observed in growth performance and carcass traits of geese except for eviscerated carcass percentage (quadratic effect, P ≤ 0.016). The optimal Thr requirement of Yangzhou geese from 0 to 8 weeks of age was 0.726% for eviscerated carcass percentage. The results of our experiment reported herein would document that the Thr requirements suggested by NRC (1994) for geese up to 8 weeks of age are safe estimates; they may slightly overestimate the requirements but not by a large margin. Keywords: threonine, geese, growth performance, carcass traits Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 382-387 Volume: 55 Issue: 9 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/172/2009-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/172/2009-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201009-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:9:id:172-2009-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Skřivan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, v.v.i., Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Bubancová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, v.v.i., Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Marounek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, v.v.i., Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: G. Dlouhá Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, v.v.i., Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Selenium and α-tocopherol content in eggs produced by hens that were fed diets supplemented with selenomethionine, sodium selenite and vitamin E Abstract: The effect of supplementing dietary selenium (Se) and vitamin E was investigated in 330 24-week-old laying hens. The hens were fed a basal diet containing Se and α-tocopherol at 0.11 and 26 mg/kg, respectively, or a diet supplemented with Se at 0.3 mg/kg and vitamin E between 0 and 625 mg/kg. Se was supplied as Se-methionine or sodium selenite. The eggs were collected for analysis during the third, seventh and eleventh weeks of the experiment. Supplementation of either form of Se significantly increased the Se concentration in egg yolks and whites, with a more pronounced effect caused by Se-methionine. The egg yolk α-tocopherol concentration paralleled the dietary α-tocopherol concentration. At a high dietary α-tocopherol concentration (632 mg/kg), the retinol content in egg yolks from hens fed Se-methionine increased significantly. Supplementation of Se-methionine significantly increased the α-tocopherol content in the eggs in the third and seventh weeks of the experiment. A moderate decrease in yolk cholesterol was observed in hens fed Se-methionine and α-tocopherol at 119 mg/kg. The concentration of products from lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, TBARS) in egg yolks increased marginally during the refrigerated storage of the eggs for 2 weeks. The effect of dietary vitamin E on TBARS formation was generally small, although a more significant effect was observed at the highest dose tested. Keywords: eggs, selenium, selenomethionine, selenite, vitamin E, retinol, cholesterol, oxidative stability Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 388-397 Volume: 55 Issue: 9 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/92/2010-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/92/2010-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201009-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:9:id:92-2010-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Science, Institute of Animal Science, CAAS, Beijing, China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Author-Name: S.S. Hou Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Science, Institute of Animal Science, CAAS, Beijing, China Author-Name: X.L. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Author-Name: X.G. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Science, Institute of Animal Science, CAAS, Beijing, China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China Author-Name: W. Huang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Science, Institute of Animal Science, CAAS, Beijing, China Title: Six single nucleotide polymorphisms in adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) gene in Beijing ducks Abstract: PCR-SSCP was applied to analyze the polymorphisms of A-FABP gene in 4 lines of Beijing ducks (n = 400). The results showed that six SNPs were found in intron 3. There were no polymorphisms found in exon 3 or exon 4. The discovered SNPs were deposited in GenBank (Acc. No.: EU306611 and EU306610). The frequencies of haplotypes A/B in the Z4, Z2, Cherry Valley, Z4 × Z2 populations were 0.745/0.255, 0.764/0.236, 0.552/0.448, 0.672/0.328, respectively. The linkage disequilibrium was stated. The above described SNPs of A-FABP gene allow the incoming association analysis. Keywords: Beijing ducks, A-FABP gene, SNPs, PCR-SSCP Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 398-400 Volume: 55 Issue: 9 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/1401-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1401-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201009-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:9:id:1401-CJAS