Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Richter Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Quality of Livestock Products in Pohořelice, Agriresearch Rapotín Ltd., Pohořelice, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Křížová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Quality of Livestock Products in Pohořelice, Agriresearch Rapotín Ltd., Pohořelice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Třináctý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Quality of Livestock Products in Pohořelice, Agriresearch Rapotín Ltd., Pohořelice, Czech Republic Title: The effect of individuality of animal on diurnal pattern of pH and redox potential in the rumen of dry cows Abstract: The aim of this study was to continuously monitor ruminal pH and redox potential of individual dry cows using a newly developed wireless device. Three dry Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulas were used for the individual measurement of ruminal pH and redox potential (Eh) using a newly developed wireless device. The experiment was carried out in the period of 14 days consisting of a 10-day preliminary period followed by a 4-day measurement period. Cows were fed twice daily the diet based on maize silage, lucerne hay and concentrate. During the measurement period ruminal pH and redox potential were monitored continuously using a developed wireless probe. Average daily feed intake throughout the experiment was 8.2 kg/day. The mean ruminal pH was almost identical in Cows 21 and 25, being 6.79 and 6.75, respectively, and was lower than in Cow 26 (6.86; P < 0.05). The mean Eh of the ruminal fluid was -274 mV in Cow 21 and 26 and -270 mV in Cow 25, while the results did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). The diurnal pattern of ruminal pH and Eh showed a similar trend in all animals. Mean values of rH (Clark's exponent) calculated for Cows 21 and 25 being 4.43 and 4.48, respectively, were lower than the value calculated for Cow 26 (4.59; P < 0.05). This method may be useful for investigating factors affecting the dynamics of ruminal fermentation and may also help in the identification of variables associated with various metabolic disorders. Keywords: Keywords: redox potential, pH, rumen, measurement in vivo, wireless device Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 401-407 Volume: 55 Issue: 10 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/1695-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1695-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201010-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:10:id:1695-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: U. Kaczor Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Swine and Small Ruminant Breeding, Krakow University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: B. Borys Author-Workplace-Name: National Research Institute of Animal Production, Experimental Station Koluda Wielka, Janikowo, Poland Author-Name: H. Pustkowiak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cattle Breeding, Krakow University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland Title: Effect of intensive fattening of lambs with forages on the fatty acid profile of intramuscular and subcutaneous fat Abstract: The effect of forage and breed of lambs on the fatty acid profile of intramuscular fat in m. longis-simus lumborum (LL) and depot fat (SCF) above this muscle was investigated. The study was carried out in two replications on 36 Koluda sheep (KS) and Ile de France×KS (IF×KS) ram-lambs fattened intensively to 32-37 kg of body weight. Lambs were fed ad libitum the same concentrate mixture and different roughage supplements: grass hay in group C (control), field forage fed in a sheep house in group F, and pasture grazing (4 h/day) in group P. In the case of LL fat, the composition of fatty acids was found to deteriorate in lambs receiving forages compared to lambs from group C. Lambs grazed on pasture (P) had a higher content of LL fat (2.31 and 1.90% in P and C, respectively; P ≤ 0.05), a higher proportion of SFA (42.1 vs 39.6%; P ≤ 0.01), a similar proportion of MUFA, and a lower proportion of PUFA (10.4 vs 12.5%; P ≤ 0.05). With similar content of depot fat, changes in the FA composition of SCF fat were observed in F lambs compared to group C. Compared to C lambs, SCF of F and P lambs contained less SFA (5.16% vs 46.8; P ≤ 0.01 and 49.3%) and more MUFA (41.8% vs 45.6; P ≤ 0.01 and 43.6%), with a similar proportion of PUFA and higher CLA content in group P (by 17.8%). The crossing of KS with Ile de France meat rams did not result in any differences in LL fat content, with a generally unfavourable effect on FA composition and health quality parameters calculated on this basis. The present study showed an unfavourable effect of supplemental forage in intensive fattening of lambs on the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat. However, both variants of forage use had a generally favourable effect on the lipid profile of subcutaneous fat. Keywords: lambs, fatty acids, intramuscular fat, subcutaneous fat, breed, forages Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 408-419 Volume: 55 Issue: 10 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/1697-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1697-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201010-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:10:id:1697-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Skřivan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, v.v.i., Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Englmaierová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, v.v.i., Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Skřivanová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, v.v.i., Czech Republic Title: Effect of different phosphorus levels on the performance and egg quality of laying hens fed wheat- and maize-based diets Abstract: The effects of diet type (wheat- or maize-based) and concentration of available phosphorus (AP; about 4, 3 and 2 g/kg) on the parameters of hen performance and egg quality as well as shell calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents were examined. Two experiments were carried out in which 240 and 120, respectively, older ISA Brown hens were housed in enriched cages. The interaction of diet type and AP concentration was ascertained for all evaluated characteristics except the amount of Ca and P deposited in shells in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the interaction of diet type and AP concentration was found for feed intake, egg weight, shell thickness and weight as well as the albumen quality parameters. Furthermore, Ca deposition in shells increased (P < 0.001) with the wheat diet. Hens fed a maize-based diet (P < 0.001) laid heavier eggs. The highest level of AP (4.1 g/kg) in the wheat-based diet significantly (P < 0.001) decreased albumen height, albumen index and Haugh units (HU). These trends were the same in both experiments. The results indicate that 0.27% AP in wheat-based diet and 0.30% AP in maize-based diet are adequate for hens with the intake 115 g of feed with 3.5% of Ca without a negative impact on performance or egg quality. Keywords: available phosphorus, brown-egg laying hen, wheat, maize Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 420-427 Volume: 55 Issue: 10 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/1699-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1699-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201010-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:10:id:1699-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Gumulka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Poultry and Fur Animals Breeding and Animal Hygiene, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: E. Kapkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Poultry and Fur Animals Breeding and Animal Hygiene, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: D. Maj Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Title: Laying pattern parameters in broiler breeder hens and intrasequence changes in egg composition Abstract: The aim of the study was to analyze the pattern of oviposition time in laying sequences in broiler breeder hens and to determine a relationship between egg position in the sequence and egg quality. The sequences were described using mean oviposition time (hour) within a sequence, mean lag of oviposition time between successive ovipositions, and mean and cumulative lag of oviposition for a sequence. Egg weight, percentage of egg components and shape index were determined for successive eggs in a sequence. The 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- to 6- and 7- to 9-egg sequences were considered. The light/dark regime was 16 h/8 h (05:00 a.m. to 09:00 p.m.). Hens laid the first egg in a sequence about 3.5 h after the beginning of the photoperiod. With increasing sequence length, the first egg was laid sooner after the beginning of the photoperiod and the intervals between successive ovipositions shortened. This suggests that when planning the frequency of egg collection in a flock of broiler breeder hens, one should account for changes in the egg sequence length during the production period. No significant relationship between egg position in the sequence and quality of egg components was observed. Keywords: broiler breeder hens, egg sequence, laying pattern, egg composition Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 428-435 Volume: 55 Issue: 10 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/1698-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1698-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201010-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:10:id:1698-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Knížatová Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Production Research Centre, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Š. Mihina Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Production Research Centre, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Brouček Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Production Research Centre, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: I. Karandušovská Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: G.J. Sauter Author-Workplace-Name: Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon ART, Ettenhausen, Switzerland Author-Name: J. Mačuhová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Animal Husbandry, Poing, Germany Title: Effect of the age and season of fattening period on carbon dioxide emissions from broiler housing Abstract: The quantification of emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities is of prime importance for determining the importance of their effect on the environment. The aim of this study was to test a hypothesis that the interior concentration and emission of carbon dioxide in chicken housing is impacted by the age of animals and season of fattening period. Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and emissions were assessed over six fattening periods in total. The major part of CO2 seemed to have its origin in bird respiration with assumed production of approx. 147 kg of CO2/h. CO2 emission was most affected by chickens towards the end of the grow-out period (P < 0.001) taking dominance over the process of natural gas burning by heaters. The mean CO2 emission from the chicken house ranged between 120 and 247 kg/h in the first quarter of periods and between 325 and 459 kg/h in the last ones. The heaters could be theoretically a possible source of approx. 39 kg each hour if they worked continuously. CO2 emissions were considerably more affected by ventilation rate (P < 0.001) than by CO2 concentration in the indoor air. Keywords: carbon dioxide, broiler chickens, heating, natural gas, ventilation rate Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 436-444 Volume: 55 Issue: 10 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/1701-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1701-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201010-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:10:id:1701-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Hajirezaee Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: B. Mojazi Amiri Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: A. Mirvaghefi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: A. Sheikh Ahmadi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran Title: Evaluation of semen quality of endangered Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius) in different times of spermiation during the spawning season Abstract: Sperm motility and sperm production as well as organic and inorganic components present in the seminal plasma were measured at different time periods of spermiation during the spawning season in order to evaluate the semen quality in Caspian brown trout, Salmo trutta caspius. For such evaluation, males were divided into four groups based on the date of spermiation: group A (pre-mature broodstocks), group B and C (mid-mature broodstocks), group D (late-mature broodstocks). Our results showed that the Caspian brown trout produces semen of variable quality depending on the date in the period of spermiation. In this regard, the percentage of motile spermatozoa, duration of motility, sperm density, osmolality and also the concentrations of Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and total protein content were significantly higher in mid-mature broodstocks (which matured in the middle of spawning season, i.e. groups B and C) compared to pre-mature (group A) and late-mature (group D) samples. Statistically significant positive correlations were also found between these semen parameters: sperm production vs Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, total protein, osmolality, pH; percentage of motile spermatozoa vs Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, total protein, osmolality; duration of motility vs Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, total protein, pH. The significance of such correlations is interpreted in terms of physiological implications and is discussed in relation to semen quality. Keywords: sperm motility, spermiation, spawning season, Caspian brown trout Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 445-455 Volume: 55 Issue: 10 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/1696-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1696-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201010-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:10:id:1696-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Álvarez Author-Workplace-Name: Área de Genética y Reproducción Animal, SERIDA-Deva, Gijón (Asturias), Spain Author-Name: L.J. Royo Author-Workplace-Name: Área de Genética y Reproducción Animal, SERIDA-Deva, Gijón (Asturias), Spain Author-Name: L. Pérez-Pardal Author-Workplace-Name: Área de Genética y Reproducción Animal, SERIDA-Deva, Gijón (Asturias), Spain Author-Name: I. Fernández Author-Workplace-Name: Área de Genética y Reproducción Animal, SERIDA-Deva, Gijón (Asturias), Spain Author-Name: L. Payeras Author-Workplace-Name: AECABMA, Inca (Mallorca), Spain Author-Name: F. Goyache Author-Workplace-Name: Área de Genética y Reproducción Animal, SERIDA-Deva, Gijón (Asturias), Spain Title: Assessing losses of genetic variability in the endangered Mallorquí horse Abstract: Information contained in the studbook of the endangered Mallorquí horse was analysed to assess the genetic variability of the breed. Also, the effect of selection for coat colour variation was assessed using a set of 15 microsatellites genotyped on 68 Mallorquí reproductive individuals previously diagnosed for the presence of the chestnut allele on the melanocortin-1 receptor gene. Mean inbreeding for the whole pedigree (310 individuals) was 2.5% while that for the individuals born during the last three years of recording (reference population) was 4.7%. Only 70% of all the founders have genetic representation in the reference population. A comparison of the parameters such as effective number of founders, effective number of ancestors and founder genome equivalents documented that the losses of founder genes occurred very soon after the implementation of conservation strategies. The parameter FIS computed from genealogical information was positive (0.029) for the whole population and negative (-0.024) for the reference population, thus illustrating the effort of the Mallorquí horse breeders to avoid matings between relatives in later generations. A total of 14 individuals were heterozygotes for the chestnut allele (allele frequency of 10.6%). The rejection for reproduction of the chestnut heterozygote individuals would not affect the overall gene diversity of the population. However, the total allelic richness would decrease both at the within-subpopulation (1.2%) and total contribution level (0.4%). The chestnut heterozygote individuals are a within-breed reservoir of rare alleles that should be preserved to avoid risks for the future viability of the breed. Keywords: conservation, genealogies, selective decisions, Mc1r, gene diversity, allelic richness Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 456-462 Volume: 55 Issue: 10 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/1700-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1700-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201010-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:10:id:1700-CJAS