Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Kulig Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: I. Kowalewska-Łuczak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: M. Kmieć Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: K. Wojdak-Maksymiec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland Title: ANXA9, SLC27A3, FABP3 and FABP4 single nucleotide polymorphisms in relation to milk production traitsin Jersey cows Abstract: Milk components originating from blood plasma substrates are synthesized in epithelial cells of the mammary gland. Milk lipids are synthesized from fatty acids which bind to specific proteins - FABPs (fatty acid binding proteins). FABPs are a family of small cytoplasmic proteins; nine members of the family have been identified so far (FABP1-FABP9) (Chmurzyńska et al., 2006). Their main roles include fatty acid uptake, transport and metabolism. FABPs can modulate the fatty acid concentration in cells and therefore they affect different cellular processes, especially lipid metabolism. FABP3 and FABP4 are present in tissues with a high demand for fatty acids, such as heart muscle, skeletal muscles, lactating mammary gland, liver or adipose tissue (Roy et al., 2003). FABP3 gene was mapped to bovine chromosome 2 (Calvo et al., 2004), where QTLs affecting milk fat yield and content were described (Khatkar et al., 2004). FABP4 gene was mapped to BTA14 (Michal et al., 2006), which is very rich in QTLs for milk production traits (Khatkar et al., 2004). Fatty acid transport is assisted by the specific proteins called FATPs (fatty acid transport proteins). This protein group includes SLC27A3 (solute carrier family 27, member 3). It belongs to the family of proteins that facilitate long-chain fatty acid transport across the cytoplasmic membrane. Another protein with similar functions is ANXA9 (annexin A9), the member of Ca2+ and phospholipid-binding protein family (Calvo et al., 2006b). Genes encoding SLC27A3 and ANXA9 were mapped to chromosome 3, within the region where QTLs for milk fat content and the other milk traits have been mapped. Both of the above-mentioned genes are expressed in the mammary gland (Calvo et al., 2006b). The polymorphic sites (SNPs - single nucleotide polymorphisms) within the bovine FABP3, FABP4, SLC27A3 and ANXA9 genes were identified (Wu et al., 2005; Calvo et al., 2006b; Michal et al., 2006; Cho et al., 2008). Associations between SNPs in these genes and milk production traits in cattle have not been reported so far. However, polymorphism in the FABP4 gene has been significantly associated with carcass traits in cattle (Michal et al., 2006; Cho et al., 2008). Due to their expression sites, physiological properties and chromosomal localisation, the described genes might be considered as candidate genes for milk production traits. The aim of this study was to determine allele and genotype frequencies and to establish possible associations between the ANXA9, SLC27A3, FABP3 and FABP4 SNPs, and selected milk traits in Jersey cows. Keywords: gene polymorphism, dairy cattle, milk traits Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 463-467 Volume: 55 Issue: 11 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/1714-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1714-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201011-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:11:id:1714-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Poláková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Science, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Kudrna Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Kodeš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Science, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Hučko Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Science, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Mudřík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Science, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Non-structural carbohydrates in the nutrition of high-yielding dairy cows during a transition period Abstract: The main aim of this study was to investigate experimentally the effect of different composition of non-structural carbohydrates (NFC) in prepartum feed rations administered to high-yielding dairy cows at a high concentration of NFC in the diet on dry matter intake both before and after parturition and on subsequent milk performance, body condition and physiological traits of rumen fluid and blood. Thirty-six high-yielding dairy cows were allocated into one of the three well-balanced groups (K, O, and C), and each group received a different feeding rations. Feeding rations differed in non-structural carbohydrate (NFC) structure. The "K" (control) group received a feeding ration with NFC in the form of maize starch in particular, while the feeding rations of the other two (experimental) groups contained either (besides maize starch) saccharose from dried sugar beet (the "O" group) or a dominant amount of NFC was in the form of saccharose (the "C" group). After calving, all dairy cows were given the same feeding ration from the first day after parturition. The experiment was conducted for 21 days before and 50 days after calving. FR in the form of total mixed ration was offered ad libitum. Dry matter intake, milk performance, body condition, live weight, and blood and rumen parameters were recorded for the duration of the experiment. Average daily dry matter intake before calving was highest in the "K" group (14.32 kg per head). Differences among groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Prepartum dry matter consumption dropped as the rate of saccharose in the diet of cows increased. Dry matter consumption levelled off after calving. Milk yield was also highest in the "K" group (43.71 kg/head/day), but fatness of milk and thus the production of fat corrected milk were lowest in this group. The highest milk fat content (4.10%) and fat corrected milk production (44.03 kg/head/day) were recorded in the "C" group, whereas the highest milk protein concentration was found in the milk of the "O" group. The composition of NFC affected dry matter intake before parturition, but these concentrations did not significantly affect dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, live weight, body condition or blood serum and rumen fluid parameters after calving Keywords: dairy cows, NFC, dry matter intake, milk performance, transition period Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 468-478 Volume: 55 Issue: 11 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/873-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/873-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201011-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:11:id:873-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Bartoň Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Bureš Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Kudrna Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Meat quality and fatty acid profile of the musculus longissimus lumborum in Czech Fleckvieh, Charolais and Charolais × Czech Fleckvieh bulls fed different types of silages Abstract: The effects of breed and diet containing different types of silages on meat quality parameters and fatty acid profile of m. longissimus lumborum (MLL) were evaluated in a total of 30 Czech Fleckvieh (CF), Charolais (CH) and Charolais × Czech Fleckvieh (CH × CF) bulls. The animals were fed two mixed diets: MS (based on maize silage) and LCS (based on legume-cereal mixture silage and lucerne silages) with different concentrations of dietary energy and fatty acids. The MLL from CH bulls had the lowest content of dry matter (P < 0.01), less protein (P < 0.01) and lighter meat (P < 0.01) compared to the CF. The extensive LCS diet reduced dry matter (P < 0.01) and intramuscular fat (P < 0.01) and increased the content of hydroxyproline (P < 0.05). The CH bulls exhibited higher PUFA n-3 (P < 0.05) and lower MUFA (P < 0.05) compared to the CF, with the CH × CF being intermediate. The LCS diet enhanced the proportions of PUFA (P < 0.05) and PUFA n-3 (P < 0.001) and reduced MUFA (P < 0.001). In conclusion, both breed and diet affected the meat quality and fatty acid profile of the intramuscular fat of the bulls. The replacement of maize silage with the legume-cereal mixture and lucerne silages in the diet reduced the concentration of intramuscular fat and improved its fatty acid profile from the human nutrition perspective. Keywords: beef, meat quality, fatty acids, breed, diet composition Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 479-487 Volume: 55 Issue: 11 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/1713-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1713-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201011-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:11:id:1713-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kankofer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: E. Albera Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: M. Różańska-Boczula Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Title: Activities of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and glutathione peroxidase in bovine colostrum and milk Abstract: Parturition and post partum period are susceptible for antioxidative/oxidative imbalance as well as inflammatory processes related to either uterus or mammary gland. Fifteen Holstein-Friesian cows were used to examine the relationship between the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and inflammatory enzyme N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAGase) in colostrum and milk during 12 days after parturition. Samples from each udder quarter were collected immediately after parturition, after 24 h and 48 h as well as after 6 and 12 days post partum. The activity of GSH-Px was measured spectrophotometrically and NAGase spectrofluorimetrically. NAGase activity generally remained constant during the examined period confirming no inflammation and healthy udder. Moreover, no significant differences in the activity among quarters were detected. The activity of GSH-Px rose significantly (P < 0.05) in the examined period suggesting the dynamic balance of antioxidative defence. No differences among quarters confirmed that in healthy quarters metabolic processes are on a similar level but positive correlations between the antioxidative and inflammatory enzyme in quarters and with regard to time may suggest a possible relationship during inflammation. Keywords: glutathione peroxidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, colostrum, cow Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 488-495 Volume: 55 Issue: 11 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/1716-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1716-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201011-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:11:id:1716-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Cieslak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management , Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: J. Kowalczyk Author-Workplace-Name: Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Science, Jablonna, Poland Author-Name: M. Czauderna Author-Workplace-Name: Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Science, Jablonna, Poland Author-Name: A. Potkanski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management , Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: M. Szumacher-Strabel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management , Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: Enhancing unsaturated fatty acids in ewe's milk by feeding rapeseed or linseed oil Abstract: The aim of our research was to evaluate whether rapeseed and linseed oils used as feed additives to ewe's diets allow to achieve the higher secretion of unsaturated fatty acids into milk with extended emphasis on the conjugated linoleic acid concentration. Two experiments were carried out on 6 lactating ewes in two independent 3 × 3 Latin square designs. In each feeding cycle the animals were subjected to one of the treatments: (1) without oil supplementation, (2) with 3.5% of rapeseed oil (RS) or linseed oil (LS), (3) with 7.0% of rapeseed oil or linseed oil. Feeding diets rich in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids to lactating ewes under our experimental conditions resulted in demanded changes in milk fatty acid content without causing milk fat depression or modification of other milk constituents. Milk fat was improved in unsaturated fatty acids including C18:2 c9 t11 CLA isomer without changing the milk fat concentration. The C18:2 c9 t11 concentration increased from 0.03 (FAME, %) in the control group to 0.21 and 0.12 (FAME, %) in groups receiving 3.5 and 7% RS, respectively. The diet with 7% LS also elevated the C18:2 c9 t11 level in milk from 0.04 (FAME, %) in the control group to 0.11 (FAME, %). Hence a conclusion is drawn that plant oils may be an important source of monoenic and also polyenic fatty acids in milk, however, our research and analysis of literature data indicate that results are strictly dietary and supplement-dependent. Keywords: unsaturated fatty acids, milk, ewe, linseed oil, rapeseed oil Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 496-504 Volume: 55 Issue: 11 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/874-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/874-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201011-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:11:id:874-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y.A. Attia Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Egypt Author-Name: A.A. Abdalah Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Poultry Nutrition, Animal Production Research Institute, ARC, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt Author-Name: H.S. Zeweil Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture-Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Egypt Author-Name: F. Bovera Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science and Food Conrol, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Napoli Federico II, Italy Author-Name: A.A. Tag El-Din Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Egypt Author-Name: M.A. Araft Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Egypt Title: Effect of inorganic or organic selenium supplementation on productive performance, egg quality and some physiological traits of dual-purpose breeding hens Abstract: One hundred and twenty (100♀ + 20♂) 30-weeks-old dual-purpose breeding hens of Gimmizah strain were housed in individual cages in a semi-open house. Birds were distributed randomly into five treatments of 20♀ + 4♂. The 1st treatment was fed a control (unsupplemented) diet (17.5% CP and 11.4 MJ per kg diet) containing 0.10 mg Se/kg (low level). The 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th treatments were fed the control diet supplemented with 0.15 and 0.30 mg Se/kg from inorganic (sodium selenite) and organic (selenomethionine, as Se-yeast Selplex® Alltech, Nicholasville, USA) sources, respectively. The total concentration of Se in experimental diets was 0.25 (medium level) and 0.40 ppm (high level). Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period (30-50 weeks of age). Different Se levels of the organic and inorganic form and their interaction did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect egg production percentage, and most of egg quality traits. Egg weight and egg mass significantly (P < 0.002) increased and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly (P < 0.04) improved due to Se supplementation compared with hens fed the control diet. Piped embryos and spleen percentage significantly (P < 0.05) decreased due to Se supplementation. In addition, the level of organic and inorganic Se and their interaction significantly (P < 0.0001) decreased the plasma cholesterol concentration. Tibia Ca and P percentages and yolk selenium concentration significantly (P < 0.03; P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively) increased due to Se supplementation and the greatest increase was recorded by a group fed diet with the high level (0.40) of organic Se. The duodenal and intestinal mucosa of the ileum was negatively affected by the high level of inorganic Se while chickens fed the organic form showed less toxic effects in hepatic and splenic tissues than those receiving the inorganic form. In conclusion, the organic and inorganic Se supplementation at 0.15 and 0.30 mg/kg diet, which corresponded to a dietary level of 0.25 and 0.40 mg/kg diet, improved the productive and reproductive performance of Gimmizah breeding hens. A decrease in plasma total cholesterol and an improvement in the bone mineralization were observed. The level of 0.25 mg/kg diet of organic Se was adequate to enrich eggs, which may be recommended for practical application and which would improve the consumer health benefit. Keywords: selenium, egg production, fertility, hatchability, egg quality Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 505-519 Volume: 55 Issue: 11 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/1715-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1715-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201011-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:55:y:2010:i:11:id:1715-CJAS