Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Rybarczyk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Livestock Product Evaluation, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: A. Pietruszka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pig Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: E. Jacyno Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pig Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: J. Dvořák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Carcass and meat quality traits of pig reciprocal crosses with a share of Pietrain breed Abstract: The study was carried out on 119 hybrid grower-finisher pigs that were divided into 5 experimental groups. The analysis covered carcass and meat quality traits of crossbred pigs produced by mating Polish Large White × Polish Landrace crossbred sows with boars of either purebred Pietrain (P) or crossbreds of Line 990 × Pietrain (LP), or Pietrain × Line 990 (PL), or Duroc × Pietrain (DP), or Pietrain × Duroc (PD). The analysis of results which include the effect of the RYR1 gene polymorphism showed that porkers descending from Pietrain boars (P) had a higher meat content in the carcass and a larger loin eye area in comparison with porkers descending from DP and PD boars, and a larger loin eye area in comparison with porkers descending from boars that were LP crosses. Meat of porkers descending from Pietrain boars had lower water-holding capacity (WHC) and higher lightness (L*) in comparison with porkers descending from crossbred boars where the Pietrain breed was used on the paternal side (LP and DP). Meat of porkers descending from Pietrain boars had a lower content of water-soluble protein compared to other groups with a 25% share of the Pietrain breed. In addition, no significant influence of the position effect on carcass and meat quality was found out in porkers obtained from the crossing of sows of the White breed with crossbred boars descending from two-way crosses of the Pietrain breed with Line 990 (LP and PL) and with the Duroc breed (DP and PD). Keywords: pigs, reciprocal crosses, carcass and meat quality, RYR1 genotype Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 47-53 Volume: 56 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/363/2010-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/363/2010-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201102-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:56:y:2011:i:2:id:363-2010-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Koreleski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland Author-Name: S. Świątkiewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland Author-Name: A. Arczewska-Włosek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland Title: The effect of different dietary potassium and chloride levels on performance and excreta dry matter in broiler chickens Abstract: The aim of this 3 × 3 factorial experiment on broilers was to investigate the effect of different dietary levels of potassium and chloride on chicken performance, carcass composition and dry matter content in excreta. 360 one-day-old Ross 308 chickens were allocated to 9 groups, in 5 replications of 8 birds (4 ♂ and 4 ♀). Chickens from 1 to 42 days of age were kept in cages with wire floors to enable excreta collection, and were administered water and feed ad libitum. The basal starter (days 1-14) and grower (days 15-42) diet contained in 1 kg, as analysed, 2.11 g and 2.10 g chloride, 8.6 g and 7.8 g potassium and 2.04 g and 1.93 g sodium, respectively. Basal diets were supplemented with potassium and chloride containing, as analysed, 11.1 g or 10.6 g and 11.8 g or 11.9 g K and 2.95 g or 2.58 g and 3.16 g or 2.70 g/kg Cl, for the starter or grower periods of feeding, respectively. The sum of cations (K + Na) in diets used in the experiment ranged from 309 mEq to 390 mEq in the starter diet and from 283 mEq to 388 mEq/kg in the grower diet; the dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) values varied from 219 mEq to 331 mEq and from 207 mEq to 329 mEq/kg, respectively. During the starter feeding period the body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion (FCR) were positively affected by increasing the chloride supplement and decrease of DEB values from 298 to 274 mEq/kg (P ≤ 0.001). In the grower period and throughout the feeding period, the positive effect of chloride supplementation on BWG and FCR was not confirmed but a negative effect of potassium was found out. The interaction between dietary levels of chloride and potassium found for BWG and FCR suggests a reciprocal relationship for both electrolytes. Dry matter in excreta was decreased when the K level in the diet was increased to 11.9 g/kg and DEB value to 319 mEq/kg (P ≤ 0.001) but breast meat yield (P ≤ 0.01) and relative mass of heart in carcass (P ≤ 0.05) were increased. Dietary chloride content elevated from 2.2 to 2.58 g/kg reduced pH in breast meat after 24 h (P ≤ 0.001), whereas elevated potassium content (7.8 vs. 10.6 g/kg) reduced drip loss in 24 (P ≤ 0.01) and 48 h stored meat (P ≤ 0.05). Keywords: broiler chickens, potassium, chloride, performance, excreta moisture, carcass indices Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 53-60 Volume: 56 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/45/2010-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/45/2010-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201102-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:56:y:2011:i:2:id:45-2010-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z.-H. Li Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Key field scientific observing and experimental station of fishery resources and environment of the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jingzhou, China Author-Name: V. Zlabek Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Velíšek Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Grabic Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Machová Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kolařová Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Li Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Key field scientific observing and experimental station of fishery resources and environment of the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jingzhou, China Author-Name: T. Randák Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Czech Republic Title: Antioxidant responses and plasma biochemical characteristics in the freshwater rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, after acute exposure to the fungicide propiconazole Abstract: In this study, the toxic effects of PCZ, a triazole fungicide present in aquatic environment, were studied in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, by an acute toxicity test. Compared to the control group, fish exposed to PCZ (96-h-LC50, 5.04 mg/l) showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) plasma NH3 and GLU concentration and the activities of plasma enzymes including CK, ALT, AST, LDH, but the TP content was not significantly different (P > 0.05). The oxidative stress indices (levels of LPO and CP) of brain and muscle in the experimental group were higher compared to the control group, especially for a significant change (P < 0.05) in the brain. SOD, CAT, GPx and GR activity in the brain of experimental groups was significantly lower (P < 0.05), however, an opposite tendency was found out in muscle. In addition, there are significant correlations between TBARS and CAT, TBARS and GPx, CP, and CAT, GR, and GPx in the fish brain. Thus, PCZ exposure changed the oxidative stress indices and plasma characteristics, and these changes may be used as potential bioindicators of the exposure and effect of PCZ in the controlled experiment. The use in monitoring of PCZ exposure under natural field conditions is possible, but it needs further investigations. Keywords: triazole fungicide, fish, oxidative damage, blood parameters Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 61-69 Volume: 56 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/35/2010-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/35/2010-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201102-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:56:y:2011:i:2:id:35-2010-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Kupren Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Lake and River Fisheries, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: A. Mamcarz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Lake and River Fisheries, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: D. Kucharczyk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Lake and River Fisheries, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Title: Effect of variable and constant thermal conditions on embryonic and early larval development of fish from the genus Leuciscus (Cyprinidae, Teleostei) Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of variable and constant thermal conditions on embryonic development of three endangered fish species from the genus Leuciscus. Wild living spawners of dace Leuciscus leuciscus (L.), ide L. idus (L.) and chub L. cephalus (L.) were obtained from rivers belonging to the Pasleka River basin (northeastern Poland) and next transported to a hatchery for the purpose of conducting artificial reproduction. The obtained eggs were fertilized and next incubated under a variety of thermal protocols: slow gradual heating of water (M1), rapid increase in temperature at the end of incubation (M2), fluctuating temperature (M3) and two constant temperatures (optimum and sublethal). Variable thermal changes of water were also continued after hatching, up to the yolk sac resorption by larvae. During the study it was shown that relative to incubation at optimal temperatures (12.3°C for dace, 15.7°C for ide and 19.0°C for chub), thermal modifications had no clear influence on a decrease in survival rates (differences among regimes did not exceed 5%) and increase in developmental deformations (differences below 1.0%) observed among the hatched embryos. The duration of egg incubation and developmental rate increased with increasing temperature. In the systems with modified temperature the embryonic development of dace (from fertilisation to commencement of exogenous food intake) took from 9.5 to 22.5 days, for ide from 6.1 to 12 days and for chub from 5.0 to 10.5 days. The yolk sac resorption stage in the particular species occurred from 11.7 to 23 days for dace, 7.5 to 13.2 days for ide and 5.5 to 12.8 days for chub. Different time of hatching was also reflected in the level of ontogeny of hatched embryos. Among the fish hatched at modified temperatures the largest sizes, similar to those characteristic of fish incubated at optimum temperatures, were observed in individuals originating from variants where the temperature fluctuated. The developmental disproportions among the embryos of studied species originating from different thermal regimes observed at the time of leaving the egg shells were definitely larger than during the following development stages. This study also confirmed that the embryos of studied species can adapt to increasing water temperature due to global warming up to 19.0 (dace), 23.0°C (ide) and 27.5°C (chub). The obtained results are very important not only for practical purposes but also from physiological and ecological aspects. Keywords: variable temperatures, incubation time, hatching rate, abnormalities, embryonic development, Leuciscus Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 70-80 Volume: 56 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/312/2009-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/312/2009-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201102-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:56:y:2011:i:2:id:312-2009-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Czauderna Author-Workplace-Name: Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland Author-Name: J. Kowalczyk Author-Workplace-Name: Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland Author-Name: K.A. Krajewska Author-Workplace-Name: Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland Title: Influence of dietary selenium level on the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid isomers, other fatty acids and amino acids in the liver and femoral muscles of rats Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of diets containing conjugated linoleic acid isomers (CLAmix) with or without low (LSe) or high (HSe) concentration of selenised yeast (SeY) on body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), and concentrations of CLA isomers and other fatty acids (FA) in the liver and femoral muscle of rats. The investigation was performed on 48 female rats (Wistar, Hsd Brl Han: WIST), aged 8 weeks with an initial body weight of 195.7 ± 0.8 g. After one week of submaintenance feeding, for 6 weeks the rats were fed ad libitum the Labofeed H diet supplemented with 1.5% CLAmix with or without low (0.2 μg Se/g diet) or high (0.5 μg Se/g diet) concentration of Se as SeY. The diet enriched with LSe or HSe elevated the BWG of rats compared with the control group, while the LSe diet resulted in the most efficient increase in BWG. The diet containing CLAmix, irrespective of the presence of SeY, stimulated the accumulation of Se in the liver and muscles in comparison with the diet enriched with SeY. The addition of SeY to the diet enriched with CLAmix stimulated the accumulation of cis9trans11 (c9t11), t10c12 and cc isomers of CLA in the liver. The diet containing CLAmix and LSe most efficiently increased the concentration of these CLA isomers in muscles. The diets enriched with SeY increased the concentration of essential, endogenous and total amino acids (AA) in the liver, whereas the diets enriched with SeY or CLAmix reduced the concentration of these AA in muscles. The diets enriched with CLAmix and/or SeY decreased the Δ9-desaturase index in the liver and muscles compared with the control group. These diets increased Δ4-, Δ5- and Δ6-desaturase indexes in muscles, but significantly reduced the elongase index compared with the control group. Our study shows that dietary CLAmix increased the concentration of C14:0, C18:0 and the sum of saturated FA (SFA) in the liver, whereas the diets enriched with SeY, irrespective of the presence of CLAmix, slightly reduced the concentration of C14:0, C18:0, and SFA in muscles compared with the control group. The diets containing SeY and/or CLAmix increased the accumulation of arachidonic acid (ArA), linolenic acid (αLNA) and c4c7c10c13c16c19C22:6 in the liver compared with the control rats. Negative effects of dietary SeY and/or CLAmix on the accumulation of αLNA, c5c8c11c14c17C20:5, c7c10c13c16c19C22:5, c4c7c10c13c16c19C22:6, linoleic acid, ArA and c8c11c14C20:3 in muscles were found out. The CLAmix diet increased the Δ4-, Δ5-desaturase and elongase indexes in the liver. It also increased the Δ4-, Δ5- and Δ6-desaturase indexes in muscles, but significantly reduced the elongase index compared with the control group. The finding that the diet with CLAmix and HSe fed to rats decreased total FA and most efficiently increased the content of Se and essential AA in muscles is valuable information for nutritionists carrying out research on farm animals to improve the nutritive value of food from the aspect of human health. Keywords: selenised yeast, conjugated linoleic acid isomers, rats, liver, femoral muscles, fatty acids, amino acids, minerals Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 81-94 Volume: 56 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/55/2010-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/55/2010-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201102-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:56:y:2011:i:2:id:55-2010-CJAS