Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y. Tyrolová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Výborná Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: The effects of wilting and biological and chemical additives on the fermentation process in field pea silage Abstract: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of wilting and additives on the fermentation quality of field pea silage, and to determine the rumen degradability of organic matter of pea silage. The following additives were used: commercial bacterial inoculant (1 g/t) containing homofermentative lactic acid bacteria - Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NCIMB 30121) and Enterococcus faecium (NCIMB 30122) and chemical additive containing formic acid, propionic acid, ammonium formate and benzoic acid (4 l/t). Compared to the control and chemical additive, the addition of the inoculant to wilted silage increased the lactic acid content (P < 0.05) and lactic:acetic ratio (P < 0.001). Both bacterial and chemical additives decreased (P < 0.001) the pH value of wilted silage. Differences between the control and chemically treated unwilted silage were also significant (P < 0.01). The pH value of silage with chemical additive was lower compared to the control. Proteolysis determined in wilted silage was lower compared to unwilted silage. Rumen degradability of organic matter in wilted silage treated with the chemical additive was found to be higher (P < 0.05) than in control and inoculant treated silages. Keywords: field pea, fermentation quality, inoculants, chemical additive Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 427-432 Volume: 56 Issue: 10 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3235-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3235-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201110-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:56:y:2011:i:10:id:3235-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Policar Author-Workplace-Name: South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Podhorec Author-Workplace-Name: South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Stejskal Author-Workplace-Name: South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Kozák Author-Workplace-Name: South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Švinger Author-Workplace-Name: South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: S.M. Hadi Alavi Author-Workplace-Name: South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Title: Growth and survival rates, puberty and fecundity in captive common barbel (Barbus barbus L.) under controlled conditions Abstract: Growth and survival rates (specific growth rate - SGR; survival rate - S) of Barbus barbus L. were recorded in captivity during three years from the larval period (final body weight - W = 0.2 ± 0.03 g; SGR = 13.6 ± 1.1%/day and cumulative survival - S = 76.0 ± 2.5%) to the first reproductive season (W = 62.55 ± 13.5 g; SGR = 0.89 ± 0.05%/day; S = 59.3 ± 1.5%). Final body size and SGR were compared between both sexes. Females reached the significantly higher growth rate (SGR = 0.84 ± 0.01%/day) compared to males (SGR = 0.77 ± 0.01%/day). Early puberty was observed in 17 and 32 months old males and females, respectively. Multi-stripping activity was found out in both sexes during the first reproductive season. In total, 20%, 25.8%, 30.3%, 14.6% and 9% of females were stripped once, twice and three, four and five times, respectively. But all males produced sperm during the entire reproductive season. The highest and the lowest egg production was recorded in the middle (April) and at the beginning (March) of the reproductive season (2155 ± 925 vs. 1279 ± 298 eggs per stripping). The highest and the lowest sperm production was observed at the beginning (March) and at the end (May) of the reproductive season (7.9 ± 0.08 × 109 vs. 1.9 ± 0.06 × 109 per stripping). Keywords: Barbus barbus, stripping, egg, sperm, puberty, intensive culture Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 433-442 Volume: 56 Issue: 10 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3236-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3236-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201110-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:56:y:2011:i:10:id:3236-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E.R. Grela Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, Poland Author-Name: J. Matras Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, Poland Author-Name: A. Czech Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, Poland Title: Effects of supplemental phytase on nutrient digestibility and performance of sows fed diets with high or low native phytase activity Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to examine the influence of addition of microbial phytase to diets differing in native phytase content, on the performance of sows and digestibility of nutrients. Barley and wheat grains relatively poor in native phytase used in Experiment 1 mixtures were replaced by triticale and rye (rich in this enzyme) in Experiment 2 diets. There were 3 groups in each experiment. Group I (control) received basal diets enriched with dicalcium phosphate (10 g/kg), group II (negative control) was fed basal diets without any additive, and group III (negative control) was supplemented with microbial phytase (500 PU/kg). Body weights of sows were monitored at mating, before parturition, immediately after parturition and at weaning. Apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of basal nutrients, detergent fibre fractions, Ca and P of the investigated diets from particular treatments was determined. Microbial phytase (Natuphos®, BASF AG, Ludwigshaven, Germany) supplemented at 500 PU/kg in pregnancy and lactation diets based on barley and wheat resulted in smaller body weight losses during lactation and higher weight gain over the whole cycle. Synergistic effects of microbial phytase and native phytase on body weight changes of sows, feed conversion ratio during pregnancy, and apparent (ileal and total tract) digestibility of both organic matter and minerals (total and phytic phosphorus and calcium) were found out. Keywords: sows, intrinsic and microbial phytase, reproductive traits, digestibility Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 443-450 Volume: 56 Issue: 10 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3237-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3237-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201110-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:56:y:2011:i:10:id:3237-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Steiner Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Author-Workplace-Name: BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Herzogenburg, Austria Author-Name: U. Bornholdt Author-Workplace-Name: Deutsche Tiernahrung Cremer GmbH & Co. KG, Mannheim, Germany Author-Name: W.C. Sauer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Author-Name: F. Ahrens Author-Workplace-Name: Ahrhoff GmbH, Bönen, Germany Author-Name: H. Jørgensen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Tjele, Denmark Author-Name: R. Mosenthin Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Title: Use of the mobile nylon bag technique for determination of apparent ileal digestibilities of crude protein and amino acids in feedstuffs for pigs Abstract: Three digestibility experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of determination of apparent ileal digestibilities (AID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) by the mobile nylon bag technique (MNBT) using 21 feedstuffs and three mixed diets. In two conventional digestibility experiments (Exp. 1 and 2), AID were determined using in total 10 barrows (BW 35 kg) fitted with simple T-cannulas at the terminal ileum. For the MNBT studies, four pigs were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the proximal duodenum and a Post-Valve T-Caecum (PVTC) cannula at the terminal ileum. The MNBT studies included the feedstuffs (n = 10) from Exp. 1 and 2 as well as 14 further feedstuffs and mixed diets in which AID coefficients had been determined in previous trials. For each feedstuff 60 nylon bags were used. In vitro digestion of the bags was carried out in pepsin-HCl solution with 450 IU pepsin/l at pH 2.0 and 37°C for 4 h. In the 28-day in vivo experiment, 15 nylon bags per pig and day were inserted through the duodenal cannula and collected through the PVTC cannula after passage through the small intestine. Coefficients of AID were calculated based on the disappearance of CP and AA from the nylon bags during the in vitro and in vivo phase. In comparison with AID determined by the conventional method, AID of CP was on average 2.4% lower, whereas AID of lysine was on average 8.5% higher when determined by the MNBT. There was no significant (P > 0.05) correlation between AID coefficients of CP and AA determined by the conventional method and the MNBT, when all feedstuffs were taken into account. However, in cereals (n = 11), the correlation between AID coefficients determined by both methods was significant (P < 0.05) for CP (r = 0.61) and some AA (r ranging between 0.62 and 0.72). In conclusion, the potential of the MNBT to determine AID of CP and AA is rather limited. Differences in coefficients of AID of CP and AA were attributed to several factors such as diffusion of sample particles or endogenous protein through the nylon bags as well as to the presence of anti-nutritional factors (e.g. in legume seeds and oilseed meals). Keywords: mobile nylon bag technique (MNBT), ileal digestibility, crude protein, amino acids, pigs Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 451-464 Volume: 56 Issue: 10 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3238-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3238-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201110-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:56:y:2011:i:10:id:3238-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Machado-Neto Author-Name: I.H. Grigolo Author-Name: D.B. Moretti Author-Name: L. Kindlein Author-Name: P. Pauletti Title: Intestinal histology of Santa Ines lambs fed bovine or ovine colostrum Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate histology characteristics in the small intestine of Santa Ines lambs fed bovine or ovine colostrum. At 0 and 6 h of life, 12 newborn lambs received 250 ml of first milking bovine colostrum (BC) and another 12 animals received 250 ml of first milking ovine colostrum (OC). Samples of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected at 24 and 72 h of life. Six animals were sampled at birth, without colostrum intake (0 h). The histomorphologic analysis revealed differences between BC and OC groups in the jejunum and ileum segments. BC group had higher amounts of colostrum-filled vacuoles in the intestinal epithelium compared to OC group and the latter group had a higher number of empty vacuoles. However, at 72 h of life both groups revealed the end of the intestinal colostrum absorption. Regardless of the treatment, apical nuclei and vacuoles were mainly observed in the villi of animals at 0 and 24 h of life, and at 72 h the enterocytes had basal nuclei and cytoplasm without the presence of vacuoles. An interaction between treatment and period was observed in villus height and crypt depth in the jejunum (P < 0.05). In this segment, BC group showed the lowest villus height at 24 h of life (710.37 ± 115.79 µm) while OC group had the larger villus height (883.79 ± 207.24 µm) at 24 h than at 0 h of life (791.43 ± 129.19 µm) (P < 0.05). Lambs from BC group showed the deepest crypts at 72 h (157.15 ± 41.81 µm), followed by 24 h (100.08 ± 23.40 µm) and 0 h (84.89 ± 21.10µm), and in OC group the deepest crypts were observed at 0 h (84.89 ± 21.10 µm), without the colostrum ingestion (P < 0.0%). The effects of treatment on the crypt depth were observed in the ileum (P < 0.05), crypts in BC group were deeper than in OC group (92.67 ± 21.47 and 83.12 ± 13.85 µm, respectively). The histological changes related to the ingestion of bovine colostrum did not apparently determine any consequences for enteric physiology. Thus, the results concerning the histologic and histomorphometric aspects confirm a possibility of successfully using bovine colostrum as a substitute for ovine colostrum in newborn lambs. Keywords: newborn lambs, ovines, intestinal mucosa, histomorphometry, milk colostrum Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 465-474 Volume: 56 Issue: 10 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3239-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3239-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:56:y:2011:i:10:id:3239-CJAS