Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Přibyl Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Haman Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Kott Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Přibylová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Šimečková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Vostrý Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Zavadilová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Čermák Author-Workplace-Name: Czech Moravian Breeding Corporation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Růžička Author-Workplace-Name: Czech Moravian Breeding Corporation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Šplíchal Author-Workplace-Name: Czech Moravian Breeding Corporation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Verner Author-Workplace-Name: Czech Moravian Breeding Corporation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Motyčka Author-Workplace-Name: Holstein Cattle Breeders Association of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Vondrášek Author-Workplace-Name: Holstein Cattle Breeders Association of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Single-step prediction of genomic breeding value in a small dairy cattle population with strong import of foreign genes Abstract: The breeding value (EBV) of Holstein cattle milk performance from the first lactation was evaluated using a regular Animal Model or by Single-Step Prediction of the genomic breeding value (GEBV). A total of 838 bulls were genotyped using the Illumina BovineSNP50 Beadchip V2. Two overlapping sets of milk performances were evaluated: calving years 1991-2004, with 729 341 lactations and 1 394 487 animals in the pedigree and calving years 1996-2009, with 808 436 lactations and 1 487 608 animals in the pedigree. The older data set included 526 genotyped bulls, in which the daughters' milk performance was known for 210 individuals. All of the genotyped animals were included in the newer data set. Of the young genotyped bulls from the older set, 279 had more than 50 daughters with performance records in the newer set. Genomic relationship matrices (G) were constructed from the allele frequencies of the current genotyped population or by assuming a constant value of 0.5 for all loci. Using current allele frequencies, the correlation of G with the pedigree relationship (A) was 0.74, while it was 0.77 when the constant value was used. G was blended with A with weights of 80 or 99%. The average EBV of the genotyped bulls exceeded the mean EBV of the entire population by 3 SD. Although the number of reference bulls was small, genotyping resulted in an increase of approximately 0.05 in the correlation of the GEBV of young bulls with their results after progeny testing. Only small differences in correlations were found in dependency on the methods used for the determination of G and in dependency on the weight used in blending G with A. Both EBV and GEBV in the older set showed higher correlations with the GEBV of the newer set than the EBV of the newer set. Keywords: genomic breeding value, single-step prediction, first lactation, genomic relationship, genetic trend Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 151-159 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/5890-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5890-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201204-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:57:y:2012:i:4:id:5890-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Vostrý Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Přibyl Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Šimeček Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Reduction of traits for genetic evaluation of linear described traits in the Old Kladruber horse Abstract: The estimated genetic parameters were used for selection of important conformation traits and reduction in the number of the described characteristics. For reduction in the number of described traits from the original 36 to 24, the traits were selected according to: measure of genetic similarity (cluster analysis), measure of uncertainty multidimensional quantity, value of the variance of aggregate genotype, value of the variance of selection index and correlation of trait to the first principal component of the genetic matrix. Reduction in the number of the described traits was based on the value of heritability coefficient and genetic correlations matrix. The reliabilities of selection indexes were estimated between 0.41 and 0.53. Among the three multivariate analysis methods evaluated in this study, the variance of selection index had the highest reliabilities of selection indexes. The estimation of selection index variance which omitted traits with low heritability coefficient and high genetic correlation was the most suitable for the traits selection. This procedure would enable the breeders to reduce field costs (e.g. time, labour) required for obtaining the genetic parameter estimates necessary for a specific breeding programme. Keywords: multivariate analysis methods, reduction in the number of traits, selection index, Old Kladruber horse Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 160-170 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/5891-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5891-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201204-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:57:y:2012:i:4:id:5891-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Kaplanová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Putnová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Bryndová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Bartoňová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Vrtková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Dvořák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Microsatellite variability in nutria (Myocastor coypus) genetic resource in the Czech Republic Abstract: Nutria (Myocastor coypus) is a large rodent native to South America which was introduced worldwide originally with the intention of fur farming. Three colour forms (Standard, Moravian Silver, and Prestice Multicolour) fall into the Farm Animal Genetic Resources of the Czech Republic protected by the National Programme on Conservation and Utilization of Plant, Animal and Microbial Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture coordinated by the National Focal Point. The objective of our investigation in the Czech Republic was to establish microsatellite panel for nutria and determine microsatellite variability in the local nutria population, levels of genetic diversity within and among subpopulations with respect to colour form and the levels of inbreeding within subpopulations. The genetic variability was studied in 64 animals by investigating 11 microsatellite markers (McoD214, McoD217, McoD59, McoD69, McoC124, McoC203, McoD60, McoB17, McoC118, McoA04, and McoD228) analysed by multicoloured capillary electrophoresis. The whole population showed a moderate level of genetic variability in terms of number of alleles (5 alleles per locus) or heterozygosity (50.4%) and the Prestice Multicolour form exhibited the highest level of diversity. Particular attention should be paid to organizing mate to minimise inbreeding, especially in the Standard colour form (FIS = 0.238) which showed the highest level of inbreeding out of the three colour forms. High combined exclusion probability (CEP) values (99.5, 94.5, and 99.9%) implied that the panel of microsatellite markers established in this study was usable for individual identification or routine parentage testing in nutria population in the Czech Republic. Keywords: nutria, genetic resource, microsatellite marker, diversity, inbreeding Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 171-177 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/5892-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5892-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201204-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:57:y:2012:i:4:id:5892-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Stachurska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horse Breeding and Use, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: A. Brodacki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biological Foundations of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: J. Grabowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horse Breeding and Use, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Title: Allele frequency in loci which control coat colours in Hucul horse population Abstract: The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of alleles which produce coat colours in Hucul horse population in Poland. The breed is included in the Global Strategy for Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources, hence its gene pool should remain in unaltered state. Huculs are bay, black, blue dun, yellow dun, tobiano, and chestnut. Grey and chestnut Huculs have always been undesirable. The material consisted of all 1022 matings which resulted in subpopulations recorded in Studbook volumes. The recessive allele frequency was estimated as the square root of recessive genotype frequencies in ASIP (A), MC1R (E), DUN (D), KIT (To region), and STX17 (G) loci. The frequency in A and E loci in total parental generation was also estimated in test matings. Genotype distribution in the population was anticipated according to gamete frequency in sires and dams. Small Wahlund effect, FSTand χ2 values for allele distributions show that division into subpopulations did not influence the population genetic structure significantly. Mean recessive allele frequency in A, E, D, To, and G loci amounted to 0.521, 0.115, 0.878, 0.929, and 0.997, respectively, and in A and E loci it was similar to that assessed in test matings. More bay horses and fewer D diluted horses appeared in offspring than expected. A, e, d, and To allele frequency showed a rising tendency. The genetic structure in Hucul population is not constant and does not comply strictly with the preservation aim. Bay, non-diluted, and tobiano horses are preferred. The linkage between MC1R and KIT loci can make the selection against e allele difficult. Breeders' preferences may lead to undesired changes in the allele frequency. To avoid such risk, it is recommended to select horses strictly complying with the rules included in the breeding programme and mate the horses randomly from this aspect. Keywords: genetic structure, conservation programme Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 178-186 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/5893-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5893-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201204-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:57:y:2012:i:4:id:5893-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Kalina Author-Workplace-Name: BIOPHARM, Research Institute of Biopharmacy and Veterinary Drugs, a.s., Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Mucksová Author-Workplace-Name: BIOPHARM, Research Institute of Biopharmacy and Veterinary Drugs, a.s., Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Yan Author-Workplace-Name: Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Hunan, P.R. China Author-Name: P. Trefil Author-Workplace-Name: BIOPHARM, Research Institute of Biopharmacy and Veterinary Drugs, a.s., Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic Title: Rapid sexing of selected Galliformes by polymerase chain reaction Abstract: Vent sexing of one-day-old chicks in commercial hatcheries has long been common practice and can be highly accurate. However, there are circumstances when this technique is not applicable such as smaller breeds, non-domestic birds, or where is the necessity of precise sexing. In this study we present a simple and reliable method for fast gender determination in selected Galliformes for which phenotypic determination of sex is difficult until maturity. Four species were tested: two commercial species - chicken (Gallus gallus) and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), and two game birds - common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and wood grouse (Tetraro urogallus). DNA was tested with universal single-pair primers polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detecting W chromosome specific sequence yielding a single band of length specific for each species. The method was developed with regards to time consumption and cost-effectiveness giving results in less than two hours. The method may also be used for early sexing in commercial chicken and turkey flocks as well as sexing of smaller game birds flocks or for research laboratories when rapid sexing of selected Galliformes cells is required. Keywords: sex determination, fowl, game fowl, polymerase chain reaction Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 187-192 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/5894-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5894-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201204-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:57:y:2012:i:4:id:5894-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Świątkiewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland Author-Name: A. Arczewska-Wlosek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland Title: Bone quality characteristics and performance in broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with organic acids Abstract: A 6-week experiment with broilers was conducted to study the effect of diet supplementation with organic acids on performance, characteristics of the tibia and femur bones, and the calcium, phosphorus and zinc balance. A total of 320, one-day-old, Ross 308 chickens were randomly assigned to 1 of 8 treatments. A 2 × 4 factorial arrangement was used, with two dietary levels of calcium and available phosphorus (standard - 9.4/9.2 g Ca/kg and 4.3/4.0 g available P/kg, or reduced - 8.3/8.1 g Ca/kg and 3.7/3.5 g available P/kg, for the starter/finisher feeding phases, respectively), and with diets supplemented with organic acids (none; short chain fatty acids (SCFA), 4.0 g/kg; medium chain fatty acid (MCFA), 2.0 g/kg or SCFA + MCFA, 3.0 + 2.0 g/kg). Broilers fed diets supplemented with SCFA or MCFA displayed a performance similar to those fed the unsupplemented diet (P > 0.05). At 42 days, reducing the dietary levels of Ca and P decreased such bone parameters as tibia yielding load (256 vs. 270 N) and tibia stiffness (171 vs. 184 N/mm), as well as femur breaking strength (342 vs. 369 N), yielding load (233 vs. 250 N), stiffness (164 vs. 174 N/mm), and cortex thickness (1.47 vs. 1.56 mm). The organic acids had no effect on the parameters of the tibias; however, SCFA and SCFA+MCFA increased the yielding load and stiffness of the femurs. The SCFA diet supplementation significantly increased the relative retention of Ca (45.0 vs. 41.1%). There were no significant Ca and P level × organic acids interaction effects on performance parameters, bone quality indices or the Ca, P, and Zn balance. It was thus concluded that SCFA can improve the bone quality and Ca balance in broiler chickens when fed either diets with a standard level of Ca and P, or those with reduced levels of these macrominerals. Keywords: broiler chickens, organic acids, calcium, phosphorus, bone quality, performance Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 193-205 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6004-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6004-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201204-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:57:y:2012:i:4:id:6004-CJAS