Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Czauderna
Author-Workplace-Name: The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
Author-Name: J. Kowalczyk
Author-Workplace-Name: The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
Author-Name: M. Marounek
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Dietary linseed oil and selenate affect the concentration of fatty acids in selected tissues of sheep
Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the addition of 5% linseed oil (LO) and 2 µg Se as selenate (SeVI) per g of diet on body mass gain (BMG), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), and concentrations of fatty acids (FA), especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, in the liver, heart, m. longissimus dorsi (MLD), m. biceps femoris (MBF), subcutaneous fat (SF), perirenal fat (PF), and intermuscular fat (IF) of sheep. Each group comprised 5 lambs with an average initial body weight of 25 ± 2 kg. For 35 days the sheep were fed the control or experimental diets enriched with 5% LO, SeVI, or LO and SeVI combined. The diets with LO, regardless of the presence of SeVI, increased BMG, FCE, and the mass of MBF, MLD, and the liver. The LO treatment increased the concentration of total CLA isomers in the liver, SF, PF, and MLD in comparison with the control. Dietary LO with or without SeVI resulted in negligible changes in the concentration of total CLA isomers in MBF. The diet enriched with LO, irrespective of the presence of SeVI, increased the concentrations of cis- monounsaturated fatty acids (cis-MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), as well as unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in the liver, heart, and especially in SF and PF (i.e. energy storage tissues) compared with the control group and SeVI-fed sheep. Dietary SeVI more effectively increased the capacity of ∆9-desaturation in all adipose tissues as the concentration of cis9,trans11CLA increased in these tissues. The addition of SeVI to the diet decreased the yield of the catabolism of fatty acids in these adipose tissues and both muscles compared with the control sheep or other experimental groups. The diets enriched with LO with or without SeVI increased the nutritional value of MBF, MLD, and adipose tissues as the ratio of unsaturated FA/saturated FA increased. Our results of a short-term study provide useful information for nutritionists carrying out further investigations to improve the nutritional quality of feed for ruminants as well as humans.
Keywords: selenium, linseed oil, fatty acid, lamb, liver, heart, muscle, adipose tissue
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 389-401
Volume: 57
Issue: 9
Year: 2012
DOI: 10.17221/6313-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6313-CJAS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. Wolf
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
Author-Name: M. Wolfová
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
Title: Genetic parameters including the service sire effect for the sow traits stillbirth and piglet losses in Czech Large White and Landrace
Abstract: Genetic parameters including the proportion of variance for the service sire effect were estimated for number of piglets stillborn (including piglets died until 24 h after birth) and number of piglets died from 24 h after birth until weaning in Czech Large White (89 231 litters) and Czech Landrace (28 320 litters) pigs. Both traits were considered to be traits of the sow. Two two-trait animal models were evaluated for each breed including or excluding the service sire effect. Estimates of genetic parameters were very similar for the two models. The heritability for number of stillborn piglets was 0.06 in both breeds and both models and the heritability for number of piglets died until weaning was 0.07 in Czech Large White and 0.05 to 0.06 in Czech Landrace. The proportion of variance due to service sire was very low (between 0.8 and 1.6%). Therefore, there is no need to include the service sire effect in models for genetic evaluation. A selection against farrowing losses is recommended though only a slow improvement of the trait can be expected. Selecting against piglets died until weaning seems to be cumbersome. Probably a selection on number of piglets weaned could be helpful in minimizing piglet losses until weaning.
Keywords: pig, reproduction
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 402-409
Volume: 57
Issue: 9
Year: 2012
DOI: 10.17221/6314-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6314-CJAS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. Čermáková
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
Author-Name: V. Kudrna
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
Author-Name: J. Illek
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
Author-Name: K. Blažková
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
Author-Name: J. Haman
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
Title: Effects of a rumen-protected form of methionine and a methionine analogue on the lactation performance of dairy cows
Abstract: The objective the present study was to determine the influence of a supplemental methionine analogue, the isopropyl ester of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid, commercially available as MetaSmartTM, on lactation performance, particularly milk protein production. The effects of this preparation were compared with those of a rumen-protected form of methionine, marketed as SmartamineTM M. Experiments were conducted according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design and included 30 high-yielding dairy cows (22 Holstein and 8 Czech Fleckvieh) randomly allocated to three balanced groups. Cows were fed a basal diet based on maize silage, lucerne silage, lucerne hay, fresh brewer's grains, and a concentrate mixture in the form of a total mixed ration ad libitum. The diet M was supplemented with MetaSmartTM (42.5 g/day) and diet S was supplemented with SmartamineTM M (19 g/day), while control diet C contained solvent-extracted soybean meal, which was added to achieve required levels of dietary protein. Each period lasted four weeks in total, including three preliminary weeks and one experimental week during which samples of milk and tail vein blood were taken. Supplementation of MetaSmartTM decreased dry matter intake of cows (18.96 kg) in contrast to the diet containing SmartamineTM M, for which dry matter intake was the highest (20.48 kg; P < 0.001). Despite decreased dry matter intake, the highest average milk yields were recorded for cows supplemented with MetaSmartTM (31.34 kg), which produced by approximately 1.14 kg (P < 0.001) and 0.78 kg (P < 0.01) more milk than cows fed diets C and S, respectively. As expressed by greater ratios milk/DMI, FCM/DMI, and ECM/DMI, the feed efficiency was improved in cows supplemented with MetaSmartTM.Both MetaSmartTM and SmartamineTM M dietary supplementation increased milk yield, milk protein concentrations, and yields and increased the prevalence of β-casein fraction in milk protein.
Keywords: nutrition, amino acids, milk production, milk protein, casein
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 410-419
Volume: 57
Issue: 9
Year: 2012
DOI: 10.17221/6315-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6315-CJAS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: E. Hanczakowska
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
Author-Name: M. Swiatkiewicz
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
Title: Effect of herbal extracts on piglet performance and small intestinal epithelial villi
Abstract: The effect of a mixture of herbal extracts on piglet performance was estimated on 178 piglets allocated to 3 groups comprising 6 litters each. Group I (control) was fed with the standard barley-wheat-soybean mixture. Group II received the same mixture supplemented with a blend of formic and propionic acids. Group III received the basal diet supplemented with a mixture of water extracts from sage, lemon balm, nettle and coneflower (20, 30, 30, and 20%, respectively) at 500 mg/kg feed. The experiment lasted for 84 days but on day 56 six piglets from each group were slaughtered and their gastrointestinal tract was removed. Apparent digestibility was estimated using the Cr2O3 indicator method. Acidity of digesta was measured in the stomach, ileum, and caecum, and volatile fatty acid content was evaluated in the ileum and caecum. Amounts of bacteria and morphological structure were evaluated in the ileal digesta and epithelium, respectively. In the experimental groups less dead and culled piglets were observed than in the control group. Piglets in the herb-supplemented group grew faster than control animals and showed significantly higher final average body weights. There was no significant difference in feed utilization. Acetic acid content was higher in both groups receiving supplements. The amount of propionic acid in the caecum of animals from the herb-supplemented group was lower than in animals from groups I and II. There were no significant differences in bacteria population in ileum chyme. The herbal extract improved the structure of the ileal epithelium by significantly increasing villus height. Better digestibility of nutrients could be due to higher villi in this group.
Keywords: piglet nutrition, ileum, intestine morphology, plant extracts
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 420-429
Volume: 57
Issue: 9
Year: 2012
DOI: 10.17221/6316-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6316-CJAS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. Száková
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Z. Novosadová
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: V. Zídek
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: A. Fučíková
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: J. Zídková
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: D. Miholová
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: P. Tlustoš
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Effect of the diet amended with risk elements contaminated soil on risk elements content in tissues and hematological parameters of rats
Abstract: Penetration of rat organisms by risk elements (As, Cd, Pb) originated from differently contaminated soils as well as interactions between the risk elements and selected essential macro- and microelements were investigated. Rat diet contained 10% of individual soils (based on dry weight) which were: (i) Fluvisol heavily polluted by As, Cd, Zn, and Pb, (ii) Luvisol contaminated by As, Cd, and Zn, and (iii) uncontaminated Chernozem. Male Wistar rats used for the experiment were housed in cages in a room with controlled temperature for 60 days and fed ad libitum on the mentioned diet. The levels of both risk and essential elements were measured in liver, kidney, and bones of the animals and main biochemical parameters were determined to assess potential toxic effect of the soil-derived risk elements. Alternatively, in vitro Physio-logically Based Bioavailability Test (PBET) was used for evaluation of the bioaccessible pool of elements in the soil-amended diets. The element contents in the rat tissues reflected the risk element contents in the contaminated soils. Bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the risk elements decreased in the order Cd > As > Pb and were influenced by the soil physicochemical parameters. Significant changes in essential elements (Cu, Fe, Mg, P) deposition in rat tissues attended the high levels of the risk elements. Total leukocyte count in the blood of the rats fed the heavy polluted soil indicated adverse effect of soil-derived risk elements on biochemical parameters of the animals.
Keywords: risk elements, soil, soil ingestion, liver, kidney, bones, Rattus norvegicus
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 430-441
Volume: 57
Issue: 9
Year: 2012
DOI: 10.17221/6317-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6317-CJAS.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:57:y:2012:i:9:id:6317-CJAS