Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Š. Ročková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Rada Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Havlík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Švejstil Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Vlková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Bunešová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Janda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of General Husbandry and Ethology of Animals, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Profousová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Growth of bifidobacteria in mammalian milk Abstract: Microbial colonization of the mammalian intestine begins at birth, when from a sterile state a newborn infant is exposed to an external environment rich in various bacterial species. An important group of intestinal bacteria comprises bifidobacteria. Bifidobacteria represent major intestinal microbiota during the breast-feeding period. Animal milk contains all crucial nutrients for babies' intestinal microflora. The aim of our work was to test the influence of different mammalian milk on the growth of bifidobacteria. The growth of seven strains of bifidobacteria in human milk, the colostrum of swine, cow's milk, sheep's milk, and rabbit's milk was tested. Good growth accompanied by the production of lactic acid was observed not only in human milk, but also in the other kinds of milk in all three strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum of different origin. Human milk selectively supported the production of lactic acid of human bifidobacterial isolates, especially the Bifidobacterium bifidum species. The promotion of bifidobacteria by milk is species-specific. Human milk contains a key factor for the growth of specific species or strains of human-origin bifidobacteria compared to other kinds of milk. In contrast, some components (maybe lysozyme) of human milk inhibited the growth of Bifidobacterium animalis. Animal-origin strains of bifidobacteria were not able to significantly grow even in milk of animal origin, with the exception of B. animalis subsp. lactis 1,2, which slightly grew in sheep's milk. Keywords: human milk, colostrum of swine, cow's milk, sheep's milk, rabbit's milk, lysozyme Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 99-105 Volume: 58 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6666-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6666-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201303-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:58:y:2013:i:3:id:6666-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Longo Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Science, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Author-Name: A.L. Abdalla Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil Author-Name: J. Liebich Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany Author-Name: I. Janzik Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Science, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany Author-Name: J. Hummel Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Author-Name: P.S. Correa Author-Workplace-Name: GRASP, Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil Author-Name: K.-H. Südekum Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Author-Name: P. Burauel Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany Title: Evaluation of the effects of tropical tanniferous plants on rumen microbiota using qRT PCR and DGGE analysis Abstract: Tanniferous forages may have bacteriostatic and/or bactericidal effect on different rumen microbial populations. We investigated the influence of the tropical tanniferous plants Styzolobium aterrimum (STA), Styzolobium deeringianum (STD), Leucaena leucocephala (LEU), and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia (MIC) containing 20, 64, 56, and 105 g condensed tannis (CT)/kg dry matter (DM) and Cynodon spp. cv. Tifton 85 (CYN) as control on Fibrobacter succinogenes and methanogenic microbes in rumen liquor from sheep using the in vitro gas production technique (Hohenheim gas test). The relative gene expression of F. succinogenes at t1/2 (time point when 50% of the maximal gas production has been reached) analyzed by quantitative PCR was 0.20- and 0.28- fold lower than the control when LEU and STA was applied and 0.91- and 0.85-fold lower with MIC and STD. Methanogenic population was 0.29- and 0.58- fold reduced with STA and LEU compared to the control, but 5.50- and 1.43- fold higher with MIC and STD. At 24 h, F. succinogenes was reduced for all legumes as well as methanogenic bacteria, except for MIC which increased 4.15-fold. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the methanogenic community resulted in different band patterns: CYN presented some strong bands, which became weaker in the analyzed treatments. Some bands appeared weaker, especially in MIC and STD, but not in STA and LEU. MIC seemed to increase the total number of weak bands. Overall, the tannin-rich plants negatively affected the F. succinogenes population and caused changes in the structure of the methanogenic community. Keywords: sheep, condensed tannin, gas production, methanogenic, Fibrobacter succinogenes, electrophoresis, molecular techniques Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 106-116 Volume: 58 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6667-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6667-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201303-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:58:y:2013:i:3:id:6667-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Golpour Author-Workplace-Name: Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran Author-Name: M. Akhoundian Author-Workplace-Name: Khorramshahr Marine Science and Technology University, Khorramshahr, Iran Author-Name: H. Khara Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fishery and Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran Author-Name: M. Rahbar Author-Workplace-Name: Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran Author-Name: H. Dadras Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fishery and Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran Title: Changes of sperm quality parameters in Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) during spawning migration Abstract: In this study, changes of pH, ionic (Na+, K+, Ca2+,and Mg2+), biochemical (total protein, glucose, and cholesterol)compositions of seminal plasma, sperm motility traits (percentage of motile spermatozoa and sperm movement duration), and sperm production characteristics (sperm volume, spermatocrit, and sperm density) were studied in Caspian roach, Rutilus rutilus caspicus, during spawning migration. Sperm of 10 males was collected three times during the spawning migration (in February, March, and April). The results showed that sperm motility parameters (percentage of motile spermatozoa and sperm movement duration) changed significantly (P < 0.05) during the reproductive season, but sperm density, spermatocrit, and sperm volume did not show significant differences during spawning migration. Analyses performed at each sampling time (February, March, and April) showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in calcium,magnesium, potassium, and cholesterol, whereas there were no significant changes in Na+, pH, total protein, glucose, and cholesterol. Keywords: spawning season, spermatological parameters, biochemical parameters, semen, roach Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 117-124 Volume: 58 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6668-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6668-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201303-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:58:y:2013:i:3:id:6668-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Komprej Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domžale, Slovenia Author-Name: Š. Malovrh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domžale, Slovenia Author-Name: G. Gorjanc Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domžale, Slovenia Author-Name: D. Kompan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domžale, Slovenia Author-Name: M. Kovač Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domžale, Slovenia Title: Genetic and environmental parameters estimation for milk traits in Slovenian dairy sheep using random regression model Abstract: (Co)variance components for daily milk yield, fat, and protein content in Slovenian dairy sheep were estimated with random regression model. Test-day records were collected by the ICAR A4 method. Analysis was done for 38 983 test-day records of 3068 ewes in 36 flocks. Common flock environment, additive genetic effect, permanent environment effect over lactations, and permanent environment effect within lactation were included into the random part of the model and modelled with Legendre polynomials on the standardized time scale of days in lactation. Estimation of (co)variance components was done with REML. The eigenvalues of covariance functions for random regression coefficients were calculated to quantify the sufficient order of Legendre polynomial for the (co)variance component estimation of milk traits. The existing 13 to 24% of additive genetic variability for the individual lactation curve indicated that the use of random regression model is justified for selection on the level and shape of lactation curve in dairy sheep. Four eigenvalues sufficiently explained variability during lactation in all three milk traits. Heritability estimate for daily milk yield was the highest in mid lactation (0.17) and lower in the early (0.11) and late (0.08) lactation. In fat content, the heritability was increasing throughout lactation (0.08-0.13). Values in protein content varied from the beginning toward mid lactation (0.15-0.19), while they rapidly increased at the end of lactation (0.28). Common flock environment explained the highest percentage of phenotypic variability: 27-41% in daily milk yield, 31-41% in fat content, and 41-49% in protein content. Variance ratios for the two permanent environment effects were the highest in daily milk yield (0.10-0.27), and lower in fat (0.04-0.08) and protein (0.01-0.10) contents. Additive genetic correlations during the selected test-days were high between the adjacent ones and they tended to decrease at the extremes of the lactation trajectory. Keywords: dairy ewes, test-day records, orthogonal Legendre polynomials, heritability, additive genetic correlations Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 125-135 Volume: 58 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6669-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6669-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201303-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:58:y:2013:i:3:id:6669-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Szyda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Workplace-Name: National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland Author-Name: K. Żukowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Name: S. Kamiński Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Genetics, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: A. Żarnecki Author-Workplace-Name: National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland Title: Testing different single nucleotide polymorphism selection strategies for prediction of genomic breeding values in dairy cattle based on low density panels Abstract: In human and animal genetics dense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels are widely used to describe genetic variation. In particular genomic selection in dairy cattle has become a routinely applied tool for prediction of additive genetic values of animals, especially of young selection candidates. The aim of the study was to investigate how well an additive genetic value can be predicted using various sets of approximately 3000 SNPs selected out of the 54 001 SNPs in an Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip high density panel. Effects of SNPs from the nine subsets of the 54 001 panel were estimated using a model with a random uncorrelated SNPs effect based on a training data set of 1216 Polish Holstein-Friesian bulls whose phenotypic records were approximated by deregressed estimated breeding values for milk, protein, and fat yields. Predictive ability of the low density panels was assessed using a validation data set of 622 bulls. Correlations between direct and conventional breeding values routinely estimated for the Polish population were similar across traits and clearly across sets of SNPs. For the training data set correlations varied between 0.94 and 0.98, for the validation data set between 0.25 and 0.46. The corresponding correlations estimated using the 54 001 panel were: 0.98 for the three traits (training), 0.98 (milk and fat yields, validation), and 0.97 (protein yield, validation). The optimal subset consisted of SNPs selected based on their highest effects for milk yield obtained from the evaluation of all 54 001 SNPs. A low density SNP panel allows for reasonably good prediction of future breeding values. Even though correlations between direct and conventional breeding values were moderate, for young selection candidates a low density panel is a better predictor than a commonly used average of parental breeding values. Keywords: 3K chip, genomic selection, prediction, single nucleotide polymorphism Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 136-145 Volume: 58 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6670-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6670-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201303-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:58:y:2013:i:3:id:6670-CJAS