Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Kotrbáček Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Skřivan Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kopecký Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Pěnkava Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Hudečková Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Uhríková Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Doubek Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Retention of carotenoids in egg yolks of laying hens supplemented with heterotrophic Chlorella Abstract: The present study investigated the effect of 1 and 2% feed supplementation with biomass of Chlorella grown through heterotrophic fermentation on the concentration of total and individual carotenoids in egg yolks. A total of twenty-four Hisex Brown laying hens aged 56 weeks were included in the experiment. The layers were kept individually in cages. They were divided into three groups of eight birds and fed a diet typical for laying hens. Control birds (C) received only a basal diet, while experimental diets (P1 and P2) were supplemented with 1 and 2% (i.e. 10 and 20 g/kg) dry disintegrated Chlorella biomass. Egg yolk deposition of total carotenoids was significantly (P < 0.01) increased by 46% (P1) and 119% (P2). The rising curves of total carotenoids reached their plateau during the fourth experimental week. The respective values oscillated around 25 mg (P1) and 40 mg (P2) per g of yolk during the following weeks. Lutein and zeaxanthin were equally deposited and they represented more than 90% of total carotenoids in yolk. The deposition of carotenoids significantly (P < 0.01) increased the colour characteristics of yolks measured using the Roche Yolk Colour Fan scale. Supplementation with Chlorella biomass significantly decreased the egg yolk weight of P2 in comparison with P1 (P < 0.05) and C (P < 0.01). These effects were probably related to lower feed consumption in these hens. The daily feed intake per hen, as well as its consumption per egg, was lower by 5-7 g in both supplemented groups. Recalculation of the diet consumption per kg of egg and yolk mass eliminated these differences. There were no differences among laying hens in plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol and cholesterol. Keywords: lutein, zeaxanthin, enriched eggs, Chlorella algae, layers Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 193-200 Volume: 58 Issue: 5 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6747-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6747-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201305-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:58:y:2013:i:5:id:6747-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Ripamonti Author-Workplace-Name: University of Milan, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Milan, Italy Author-Name: E. Tirloni Author-Workplace-Name: University of Milan, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Milan, Italy Author-Name: S. Stella Author-Workplace-Name: University of Milan, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Milan, Italy Author-Name: C. Bersani Author-Workplace-Name: University of Milan, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Milan, Italy Author-Name: A. Agazzi Author-Workplace-Name: University of Milan, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Milan, Italy Author-Name: S. Maroccolo Author-Workplace-Name: University of Milan, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Milan, Italy Author-Name: G. Savoini Author-Workplace-Name: University of Milan, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Milan, Italy Title: Effects of a species-specific probiotic formulation on multiresistant Escherichia coli isolates from the gut of veal calves Abstract: In this study, 254 Escherichia coli isolates from faecal samples of veal calves were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method. During the experimental period, six mass antibiotic treatments were administered to the animals (about one treatment per month). The active principles used were oxytetracycline, colistin, tylosin, doxycycline, chlortetracycline, and sulphonamides. An extremely high resistance prevalence (> 70%) towards penicillin, sulphonamide, tetracycline, ampicillin, and spyramicin was detected. Sixty E. coli isolates could be defined as multiresistant, showing resistance to at least 6 antimicrobial classes. Subsequently, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of a species-specific probiotic against multiresistant E. coli, showing its beneficial action with large inhibition halos for 76% of the isolates. This suggests the potentiality of the probiotic, putting in evidence a clear advantage of its use in veal calves nutrition, in particular during the first phases, when the animals are more susceptible to severe enteric infections by E. coli. Keywords: lactic acid bacteria, antibiotic resistance, prevalence, gastrointestinal functionality, veal calves Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 201-207 Volume: 58 Issue: 5 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6748-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6748-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201305-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:58:y:2013:i:5:id:6748-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Pokorná Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Hejcmanová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Hejcman Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Pavlů Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Activity time budget patterns of sheep and goats co-grazing on semi-natural species-rich dry grassland Abstract: Activity time budget patterns and grazing response to sward and environmental conditions were investigated for paddocks of sheep and goats co-grazing for conservation purposes on a semi-natural species-rich dry grassland community endangered by shrub and tall perennial plant encroachment in a protected nature reserve in South Moravia (Czech Republic). Grazing was conducted by a rotational stocking system for 14 weeks in late grazing season in 2008 with 60 dry ewes and 20 goats. Twelve ewes and four goats were observed; grazing, ruminating, idling and other activities (salt licking, social interactions, walking), along with topographical position in the paddock were recorded at 5-minute intervals within 14 hours of daylight. Sheep and goats did not differ in their principal activity time budgets, such as the average total daylight time spent grazing (sheep: 8.57 h, goats: 8.59 h), ruminating (sheep: 1.42 h, goats: 1.44 h), or idling (sheep: 3.23 h, goats: 3.18 h), the duration of bouts of each activity, or the number of bouts of grazing and ruminating. There was no pattern in activity time budgets indicating dynamics in progressing season, nor was there a response to daily average temperature or to paddock size. Sheep and goats showed similar responses to groundcover of particular plant functional types. The animals showed a positive trend in response of total daylight grazing time to grass available biomass and a negative response of total daylight grazing time to herbaceous biomass for both sheep and goats. The total daylight grazing time was independent of availability of woody plants. Goats devoted more time (1.51 h) to other activities than sheep (1.34 h), especially to social interactions and salt licking. On the other hand, sheep spent proportionally more time walking. Both sheep and goats showed similar patterns in spatial use of paddocks on hill slopes, spending the most time in the middle part and the least time in the lower part of paddocks. Keywords: animal behaviour, activity pattern, small ruminant, mixed pasture, semi-natural grassland Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 208-216 Volume: 58 Issue: 5 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6749-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6749-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201305-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:58:y:2013:i:5:id:6749-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Habibi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomical Sciences, International Branch, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Kish, Iran Author-Name: N. Farrokhi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran Author-Name: F. Morreira da Silva Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Reproduction, Department of Agrarian Sciences, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal Author-Name: A. Hosseini Author-Workplace-Name: Cellular and Molecular Biology Researcher Center, Medical School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: B.F. Bettencourt Author-Workplace-Name: Hospital Santo Espírito de Angra do Heroísmo, SEEBMO, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal Author-Name: F. Amidi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Title: Transcript analysis of Heat shock protein 72 and protein 53 of 4-cell mouse embryos following Cryotop vitrification Abstract: The effects of two different concentrations of cryoprotectants on survival and developmental capacity of four-cell mouse embryos were compared by Cryotop vitrification to demonstrate that lower concentrations provide the same results as higher previously reported concentrations with lesser negative molecular impact on embryo cells. For this latest, embryos were compared via transcript analyses of Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) and protein 53 (p53). Four-cell embryos were obtained from superovulated female mice and randomly assignedto one of three following groups: (i) control (non-vitrified), (ii) vit1 (15% v/v: 7.5% ethylene glycol(EG) and 7.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and (iii) vit2 (30% v/v: 15% EG + 15% DMSO).The cells vitrified by Cryotop were thawed and side-by-side to the control group divided into two parts: one part was used to analyze the morphological traits, survival rate, and embryo cleavage ability to form blastocysts, and the other part was examined for changes in transcript levels of Hsp72 (Hspa1a + Hspa1b), p53, and Hprt1 (reference gene) by quantitative Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results were analyzed by One Way Analysis of Variance and the mean values compared with LSD (P < 0.05). The relative expression of p53 in vit2 (30% v/v) was significantly higher than in vit1 (15% v/v) and in vit1 it was higher than in the control. The relative expression of Hsp72 was the same in vit1 and vit2 and significantly higher than in the control.The survival, cleavage, and blastocyst rates were the same for both vitrification treatments and significantly lower than in the control group. The up-regulations of Hsp72 and p53 following vitrification were suggestive of imposed heat shock, cold stress, and DNA damage to the mouse 4-cell embryos. Keywords: cryopreservation, in vitro culture, murine, Real-Time PCR Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 217-226 Volume: 58 Issue: 5 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6750-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6750-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201305-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:58:y:2013:i:5:id:6750-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.-B. Xiao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Fang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.-L. Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Biological Veterinary Drugs Branch, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P.R. China Title: Kaempferitrin improves meat quality of broiler chickens Abstract: Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (Angptl3) may promote adipose formation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of kaempferitrin, a 3,7-diglycosyl flavone, on meat quality in broiler chickens and the mechanisms involved. One thousand two hundred broiler chickens were offered commercial diet that was supplemented with 0.0 (control), 0.1, 0.3, or 0.9% kaempferitrin, respectively. After 42 days, kaempferitrin (0.3 or 0.9%) treatment significantly increased the lightness of meat colour. Kaempferitrin (0.3 or 0.9%) supplementation decreased breast muscle drip loss, breast muscle crude fat, breast muscle malondialdehyde level, and hepatic Angptl3 mRNA expression. The present results suggest that kaempferitrin improves meat quality by decreasing expression of Angptl3 in broiler chickens. Keywords: 3, 7-diglycosyl flavone, meat trait, angiopoietin-like protein 3, broiler Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 227-231 Volume: 58 Issue: 5 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6751-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6751-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201305-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:58:y:2013:i:5:id:6751-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W.M. Nordi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: D.B. Moretti Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: A.L. Lima Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: P. Pauletti Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: I. Susin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: R. Machado-Neto Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil Title: Intestinal histology of newborn goat kids fed lyophilized bovine colostrum Abstract: Enteric histology of newborn goat kids fed lyophilized bovine colostrum (LBC) was studied. At 0, 7, and 14 h of life 15 male newborns received 5% of body weight of lyophilized bovine colostrum and 14 male newborns goat colostrum (GC), both with 55 mg/ml of IgG. Samples of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected at 18, 36, and 96 h of life for analyses of villus height, crypt depth, muscle layer thickness, partial volume of the absorptive mucosa (Vv), density of the absorptive mucosa (Sv), and quantification of goblet cells. Three animals were sampled without colostrum intake (0 h). The histomorphometry was not different between GC and LBC in all segments. In the jejunum, the villus height differed in sampling times (36 h > 0 h and 18 h). The maximum villus height was observed in the jejunum. In the jejunum, crypt depth differed in the sampling times (96 h > 0 and 18 h). Interaction between intestinal segment and sampling times was observed to crypt depth (duodenum 18 h > jejunum 18 h and duodenum 96 h > ileum 96 h). In the ileum, the muscle layer thickness differed in the sampling times (36 h > 0 and 18 h and 96 h > 0 h). The greatest thickness of muscle layer was observed in the duodenum and at 96 h the muscle layer was thicker than at 18 h. The ileum showed the highest Vv at 36 h. The Vv was the highest in the jejunum and higher at 36 h than at 96 h. In the jejunum, an interaction between the treatment and sampling times to goblet cells number (LBC 18 h < GC 18 h and GC 96 h > LBC 96 h) was observed. The ileum showed the greatest number of goblet cells. The ingestion of lyophilized bovine colostrum did not determine any consequences for enteric histology in the first 4 days of goat kids' life. Keywords: lacteal secretion, intestinal morphometry, goblet cells, newborn kids, stereology Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 232-241 Volume: 58 Issue: 5 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6752-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6752-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201305-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:58:y:2013:i:5:id:6752-CJAS