Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Gellrich Author-Workplace-Name: Physiology Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany Author-Name: H.H.D. Meyer Author-Workplace-Name: Physiology Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany Author-Name: S. Wiedemann Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany Title: Composition of major proteins in cow milk differing in mean protein concentration during the first 155 days of lactation and the influence of season as well as short-term restricted feeding in early and mid-lactation Abstract: A variety of proteins contributes greatly to the unique nutritional and functional quality of dairy cow milk. Particularly, milk casein content and composition have substantial influence on the processing capabilities. In the present study, milk of 23 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows, grouped as high- (3.49 ± 0.05%; n = 11) and low-protein (3.03 ± 0.05%; n = 12) cows, was sampled approximately weekly during the first 155 days of lactation to determine the course of relative milk protein composition (α-lactalbumin; β-lactoglobulin; α-, β-, and κ-casein). Furthermore, feed restrictions by 30% of dry matter intake in early and mid-lactation as well as experimental tissue biopsies were conducted to observe their effect on milk protein composition. Milk protein composition was relatively stable and displayed similar concentration patterns throughout the experimental period between both groups. Mean relative concentrations of α-, β-, κ-casein, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin were 34.2, 31.4, 16.0, 2.1, and 9.7% of total protein, respectively. Feed restrictions did not alter milk protein composition, whereas the season influenced α- and β-casein as well as α-lactalbumin. Further, effects were observed in both groups at times of unfamiliar stressful situations caused by taking liver or muscle biopsies. As a result, the relative concentration of β-casein increased. Therefore, acute stress factors may lead to a deviation in milk protein composition and should be avoided. Keywords: dairy cattle, casein, feed restriction, milk proteins, seasonal changes, stress Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 97-106 Volume: 59 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7289-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7289-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201403-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:3:id:7289-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Englmaierová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Skřivanová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Skřivan Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: The effect of non-phytate phosphorus and phytase levels on performance, egg and tibia quality, and pH of the digestive tract in hens fed higher-calcium-content diet Abstract: The effect of three levels of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) (3.0, 2.1, and 1.7 g/kg) and two levels of 3-phytase (F) (0 and 150 phytase units (FTU)/kg) together with a high dietary calcium concentration (approximately 41.0 g/kg) on the performance characteristics, egg quality, pH of the digestive tract, and tibia bone quality of ISA Brown hens housed in enriched cages was evaluated. The diets with 3.0 g/kg of NPP with and without F and 2.1 g/kg of NPP with 150 FTU of F significantly increased egg production (P = 0.022) and daily egg mass production (P = 0.030). A low level of NPP decreased (P < 0.001) the body weight of hens at the end of the experiment. The highest values of albumen height (P < 0.001), albumen index (P = 0.004), Haugh units (P = 0.001), and albumen percentage (P = 0.004) were associated with the diet with the low level of dietary NPP without F addition. The low level of NPP with 3-phytase increased the calcium and phosphorus contents in eggshells (P = 0.002 and P = 0.050). The lowest values of dry matter (P < 0.001) and ash content in tibia bone (P = 0.040) were measured for the hens fed the diet with 3.0 g/kg of NPP and 3-phytase supplementation. In addition, the low level of phosphorus without F addition increased (P = 0.031) the pH value in the small intestine to 6.21. In conclusion, 2.1 g of NPP with 150 FTU was found to be sufficient in the diet of hens in the middle of the laying cycle housed in enriched cages. But with respect to egg quality, higher calcium content decreased positive effect of F addition in diets with different levels of phosphorus. Keywords: mineral nutrition, laying hen, egg production, egg quality, tibia, pH Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 107-115 Volume: 59 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7290-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7290-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201403-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:3:id:7290-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Chalupová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Morphology, Physiology and Animal Genetics, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Dvořáková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Knoll Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Morphology, Physiology and Animal Genetics, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Stratil Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Bartenschlager Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Author-Name: R. Stupka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Čítek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Šprysl Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Palánová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Horák Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Geldermann Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Title: Polymorphism, linkage mapping, and association analysis with carcass traits of four porcine candidate genes selected from gene-expression profiles of Czech Large White and Wild Boar muscles Abstract: Genes that are expressed in skeletal muscles may play a role in prenatal muscle development and postnatal muscle growth and can be considered candidates for economically important traits. Four porcine genes that were differentially expressed in skeletal muscles of Czech Large White and Wild Boar (SORT1, EMP3, IL18, and BTG2) were selected to search for polymorphism, linkage assignment, and association analysis with carcass traits. Through comparative sequencing of portions of the genes numerous polymorphisms were revealed (SORT1 - 21, EMP3 - 6, IL18 - 41, BTG2 - 9). Linkage analysis in a Meishan × Pietrain F2 pedigree showed the positions of the genes relative to other genes and markers on the respective chromosomes - SORT1 on SSC4, EMP3 on SSC6, IL18 and BTG2 on SSC9. Preliminary association analysis in pig commercial crosses with selected SNPs showed associations with several carcass traits at nominal P value of < 0.05, which may indicate their involvement in muscle growth and fat deposition. The tested polymorphisms may not be causal for the associations, but they may be in linkage disequilibrium with causative mutations. Keywords: pig, single nucleotide polymorphism, DNA markers, DNA sequencing, PCR-RFLP, SORT1, EMP3, IL18, BTG2 Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 116-127 Volume: 59 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7291-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7291-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201403-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:3:id:7291-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E.G. Salgado-Hernández Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Husbandry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico Author-Name: A. Aparicio-Cecilio Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Husbandry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico Author-Name: F.H. Velásquez-Forero Author-Workplace-Name: Children Hospital "Federico Gómez", Mexico City, Mexico Author-Name: D.A. Castillo-Mata Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Husbandry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico Author-Name: J. Bouda Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Husbandry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico Title: Effect of the first and second postpartum partial milking on blood serum calcium concentration in dairy cows Abstract: Parturient paresis and subclinical hypocalcemia are frequent metabolic disorders in dairy cows postpartum. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of postpartum partial milking in the first two milkings on blood serum calcium concentration in dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Holstein dairy cows were randomized into two groups. Cows of group 1 (n = 10) were partially milked at the first and second milking postpartum. Cows of group 2 (n = 10) were completely milked. Blood samples were collected from all animals 5-7 days before calving, within 30 min after calving, and 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 h after calving for determination of serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations. Colostrum production was registered and sampled in the first and second milking. Concentration of Ca in colostrum was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum Ca and P concentrations decreased in both groups after parturition (P < 0.05) and remained low during 32 h postpartum with no difference observed between groups (P > 0.05). Serum concentrations of Mg were stable in all samples and no statistical difference was observed between groups (P > 0.05). Colostrum production was higher in completely milked cows only in the first postpartum milking (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between groups at the second milking. Total Ca secretion in colostrum was higher in the complete milking group at the first and second postpartum milking. Colostrum Ca secretion increased at the second milking with respect to the first one in both groups (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between serum Ca and colostrum Ca (P > 0.05). In this study, the partial milking of colostrum in the first and second milking postpartum did not prevent subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows. Keywords: incomplete colostrum milking, subclinical hypocalcemia, milk fever, magnesium, postpartum cow Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 128-133 Volume: 59 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7292-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7292-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201403-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:3:id:7292-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Cupperová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Simon Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Antalíková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic Author-Name: K. Michalková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Ľ. Horovská Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovak Republic Author-Name: S. Hluchý Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Distribution of tetraspanin family protein CD9 in bull reproductive system Abstract: The CD9 cell surface molecule has been found to be important for the fertilization process of mammals. The aim of this study was to investigate, whether the molecule CD9 is expressed on bull sperm during the spermatogenesis and maturation of spermatozoa as well as in bull reproductive organs and their secreta. The expression of bovine CD9 was examined by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting. The histochemical studies using an anti-CD9 monoclonal antibody showed strong staining in the myeloid and collagenous tissue layer of testis and epididymis. Strong reaction was observed in the lumen of epididymal duct (the fluid of the duct) but the clumped spermatozoa in the lumen of the duct remained unstained. Intensive tissue staining was observed in the range of epithelial microvilli of epididymis (body and tail) and in the fluid content of tubules. The Western blot analysis showed the 24kDa molecule in sperm protein extracts of ejaculated sperm and also in the protein extracts of the sperm obtained from the head, body, and tail of epididymis but the localization of CD9 on the sperm was not directly confirmed. However, the obtained data could be considered in the interpretation of the role of CD9 in spermatogenesis and sperm-oocyte interactions. Keywords: monoclonal antibody, immunohistochemistry, sperm, tissue Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 134-139 Volume: 59 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7293-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7293-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201403-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:3:id:7293-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.-D. Huo Author-Workplace-Name: College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: R.-J. Long Author-Workplace-Name: College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Title: Melatonin receptor (MTNR1A and MTNR2B) expression during the breeding season in the yak (Bos grunniens) Abstract: Melatonin plays key roles in a wide range of mammalian body functions, which are mediated by the melatonin-specific cell surface receptor (MTNR1A and MTNR1B). To better understand the role of MTNR in the yak (Bos grunniens), we determined the melatonin receptor mRNA expression level. The analysis showed that the MTNR mRNA expression level was higher in the pineal gland tissue than in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovary (P < 0.01) during the breeding season. Immunofluorescence analyses showed that yak MTNR was located in the pinealocyte, synaptic ribbon, and synaptic spherules of the pineal gland and that melatonin interacts via nerve fibres. In the hypothalamus, MTNR was located in the magnocellular neurons and parvicellular neurons. MTNR was localized in acidophilic cells and basophilic cells in the pituitary gland. In the ovary, MTNR was present in the ovarian follicle, corpus luteum, and Leydig cells. Keywords: domestic yak, immunofluorescence, MLTR, real-time PCR Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 140-145 Volume: 59 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7294-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7294-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201403-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:3:id:7294-CJAS