Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Páleníková Author-Workplace-Name: Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hauptmanová Author-Workplace-Name: Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Pitropovská Author-Workplace-Name: Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Páleník Author-Workplace-Name: Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Husáková Author-Workplace-Name: Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Pechová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Pavlata Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Copper metabolism in goat-kid relationship at supplementation of inorganic and organic forms of copper Abstract: The aim of the experiment was to compare the effect of inorganic and organic forms of copper (Cu) supplementation on Cu status of goats and their kids, colostrum and milk composition and quality, and on the Cu concentrations in amniotic fluids and fetal membranes. The experiment involved 22 clinically healthy pregnant goats with similar mean Cu concentration in blood serum. Goats were divided into 3 groups: E1, E2, and C. Basal feed ration differed only in Cu form and concentration in a grain mixture. The goats of experimental groups E1 and E2 received the supplement of Cu sulfate and Cu chelate, respectively. Control group C was without Cu supplementation. Blood samples from goats and kids were collected on the day of parturition (day 0; in kids before colostrum intake) and on days 2, 7, and 21 postpartum. On the same days the kids were weighed. Colostrum or milk samples were collected on days 0, 5, and 30. During delivery, also samples of amniotic fluids and fetal membranes were collected. Both forms of Cu supplementation resulted in higher average concentration of Cu (compared to control group) in blood serum of goats (19.5 ± 1.7 and 18.5 ± 2.5 vs. 15.2 ± 4.4 µmol/l, respectively) and blood serum of kids (6.7 ± 0.8 and 6.0 ± 0.5 vs. 6.0 ± 1.0 µmol/l, respectively). Significant differences in Cu serum concentration on the day of parturition in goats were observed in group E1 compared to control (P < 0.05) and also in kids of group E1 compared to group E2 and control (P < 0.05). The Cu concentration in the blood of kids on the day of parturition was significantly (P < 0.01) lower compared to that in maternal blood. Percentages of Cu concentration in the blood of kids in groups E1, E2, and C were 34, 33, and 39% of that in maternal blood. The results of Cu concentration in blood serum of goats on days 2, 7, and 21 were without significant differences between groups. Significantly higher Cu serum concentrations (P < 0.05) were observed in kids on day 2 in group E1 compared to control group and also on day 21 in group E1 compared to group E2. Colostrum Cu concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in group E1 (10.6 ± 3.3 µmol/l) compared to group E2 (7.1 ± 1.5 µmol/l). There were no significant differences observed in Cu concentration in amniotic fluids and fetal membranes. The kids on both forms of Cu supplementation (on day 0 in group E1 and on days 2, 7, and 21 in group E2) had significantly (P < 0.05) higher average weight than the kids from control group. Our results are suggesting that the inorganic form of Cu (copper sulfate) is more efficient than organic (copper chelate) in influencing the Cu metabolism in goat-kid relationship and that Cu supplementing has a positive effect on the weight of kids. Keywords: trace elements, organic copper, inorganic copper, ruminants, colostrum, milk, fetal membranes, amniotic fluid, weight gains Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 201-207 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7400-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7400-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201405-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:5:id:7400-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.A. de Araujo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: N.K. Sakomura Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: E.P. da Silva Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: J.C. De Paula Dorigam Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: D.C. Zanardo Donato Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: J.H.V. da Silva Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Centre for Human, Social, and Agrarian Sciences, Bananeiras, Paraíba, Brazil Author-Name: J.B.K. Fernandes Author-Workplace-Name: Aquaculture Centre, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil Title: Response of pullets to digestible lysine intake Abstract: The objective was to determine the efficiency of utilization of lysine and to describe the responses of pullets to different digestible lysine intakes using three mathematical functions to estimate an optimal intake maximizing body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The trials were conducted using 2-6-, 8-12-, and 14-18-week-old birds and a completely randomized experimental design with eight treatments and six replicates. The digestible lysine levels ranged 3.20-10.67 g/kg (in 2-6-week-old animals), 2.24-7.48 g/kg (in 8-12-week-old animals), and 1.73-5.78 g/kg (in 14-18-week-old animals) and were obtained using a dilution technique. The efficiency of utilization was determined by a linear regression between lysine deposition and intake for pullets aged 2-4, 8-10, and 14-16 weeks. Three mathematical functions (quadratic polynomial, broken-line, and broken-line with quadratic ascending function) were used to fit the body weight gain and feed conversion responses. The optimal digestible lysine intake was obtained from the first intercept of the quadratic curve with the broken-line plateau. Based on the body weight gain, the responses obtained from the broken-line function and the broken-line with quadratic ascending were similar to those from the quadratic polynomial function. The feed conversion ratio from the first intercept of the quadratic curve with the broken-line plateau was similar to the value obtained from the broken-line with quadratic ascending function only in 2-6-week-old animals. The digestible lysine intakes required to optimize the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio responses were 202, 338, and 300 and 146, 312, and 259 mg/day and the efficiencies were 80, 76, and 80% for 2-6-, 8-12-, and 14-18-week-old animals, respectively. Keywords: age, amino acid, feed conversion ratio, growth, mathematical functions Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 208-218 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7401-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7401-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201405-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:5:id:7401-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Kasarda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: G. Mészáros Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Livestock Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: O. Kadlečík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: E. Hazuchová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: V. Šidlová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Influence of mating systems and selection intensity on the extent of inbreeding and genetic gain in the Slovak Pinzgau cattle Abstract: The aim of the present paper was to simulate the scenarios for a maximum avoidance of inbreeding (MAI) mating strategy, and compare it with a random mating alternative, with the main focus on inbreeding and development of the genetic gain. The parameters of the simulation were based on the structure of the Slovak Pinzgau active population of 2868 animals (930 purebred cows). The selection under a total merit index (TMI) was simulated, covering the milk, survival, and live weight breeding value estimation results. The heritability of TMI (h2 = 0.09) was estimated using a REML single trait animal model. Alternatives assumed a closed population structure, fixed number of mating per parent, and equal use of sires in insemination. Animals in generation 0 were set as founders without pedigree information. In separate simulation runs, the number of sires of sires was set at 2, 4, 5 or 10 mated with 40 dams of sires in all cases. The sex ratio of the offspring was assumed to be 50/50 male/female. Twenty consecutive generations were simulated for both random and maximum avoidance of inbreeding mating, which resulted in a total of 8 scenarios. Significant positive differences in genetic gain were observed in the MAI mating system with 2 (0.74**), 4 (0.24**), 5 (0.13**) or 10 (0.09**) sires in comparison to random mating design. When using MAI, significantly lower inbreeding was observed with 2 (5.44**), 4 (3.18**), 5 (2.43**) or 10 (1.16**) sires. Simulation results showed that the use of a maximum avoidance of inbreeding mating strategy would lead to significantly decreased rates of inbreeding while maintaining suitable levels of genetic gain in the Keywords: Pinzgau breed, mating strategy, breeding program optimization Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 219-226 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7402-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7402-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201405-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:5:id:7402-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Borowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: T. Szwaczkowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: M. Koćwin-Podsiadła Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pig Breeding and Meat Science, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Author-Name: S. Kamiński Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Genetics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: A. Ruść Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Genetics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: E. Krzęcio-Nieczyporuk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pig Breeding and Meat Science, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland Title: Associations of fifty single nucleotide polymorphisms within candidate genes with meatness in pigs Abstract: The objective of the paper was to classify 50 SNPs (from 17 chromosomes) according to their contribution to the meatness of 293 boars of two breeds (Polish Landrace and Polish Large White) using entropy analysis and standard association analysis. The collected data were classified into two groups (according to the official EUROP procedure) and used for entropy analysis. Associations of single genotypes versus their groups (located at single chromosomes) with the trait studied were estimated by the use of the Generalized Linear Model (GLM). Thus meatness was included as a continuous variable. The most important contributions have been estimated by both approaches for the following SNPs: SULT1A1:g.76G>A (SSC3), PKLR:g.384C>T (SSC4), MYOD1:c.566G>C (SSC2), TNNT3:g.153T>C (SSC2), GAA:g.38T>C (SSC12), LDLRR1:c.459A>G (SSC8), MYF6:g.255T>C (SSC5), CAS:g.499A>C (SSC2), PPARGC:c.678T>A (SSC15). Moreover, interactions among some studied loci are suggested, especially for the loci at chromosome 1. Keywords: entropy analysis, pork, meat content, SNP Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 227-237 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7403-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7403-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201405-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:5:id:7403-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: H.W. Xiao Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.H. Liang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: A.L. Pan Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Shen Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: J.S. Pi Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Y.J. Pu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: J.P. Du Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.H. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, P.R. China Title: Differential expression profiling of estrogen receptor in the ovaries of two egg duck (Anas platyrhynchos) breeds Abstract: In the present study, quantitative real-time PCR was employed to investigate expression profiling and expression difference of ESR1 and ESR2 in ovaries of Shaoxing duck and Jingjiang duck during three laying stages. Results showed the expression levels of ESR1 and ESR2 in ovaries were increased from the age of the first egg to the age of 500 days in both duck breeds. The expression of ESR1 in Shaoxing duck was lower than that in Jingjiang duck for the age of the first egg and of 180 days, and for the age of 500 days it was higher in Shaoxing duck than in Jingjiang duck. The ESR2 showed converse expression profiling in the two duck breeds. The results suggest that ESR1 and ESR2 mediate the process of egg laying in ducks, and that ESR2 may play a more important role for the ovary during egg-laying stages and may be closely related to the laying performance of the ducks. Keywords: egg duck, ovary, laying stage, gene expression, ESR gene Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 238-243 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7404-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7404-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201405-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:5:id:7404-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Gurgul Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland Author-Name: K. Sieńko Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland Author-Name: K. Żukowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland Author-Name: K. Pawlina Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland Author-Name: M. Bugno-Poniewierska Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland Title: Imputation accuracy of bovine spongiform encephalopathy-associated PRNP indel polymorphisms from middle-density SNPs arrays Abstract: Statistical methods of imputation allow predicting genotypes of markers (which were not genotyped in the whole population) based on known linkage disequilibrium relationships between the flanking polymorphisms and the information obtained from reference datasets used as a pattern. In this study we attempted to predict genotypes of two bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) susceptibility associated indel polymorphisms located in the promoter region of PRNP gene relying on the data obtained from middle density SNPs arrays in a sample of the population of Holstein cattle. The two SNPs panels spanning PRNP locus were tested in terms of imputation efficiency. Both panels gave satisfactory imputation results showing high accuracy and high probabilities of imputed genotypes. Our results suggest that the approach applied can be used to evaluate the frequency of the disease associated polymorphisms in large populations of animals genotyped with whole-genome SNPs panels based on a limited-size reference population and small financial outlays. Keywords: BSE, cattle, indel, prion gene Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 244-249 Volume: 59 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7405-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7405-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201405-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:5:id:7405-CJAS