Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Olya Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: M. Khorvash Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: H.R. Rahmani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: S. Esmaeilkhanian Author-Workplace-Name: Isfahan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: B. Olya Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Author-Name: H. Sadri Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Title: Oral delivery of insulin-loaded nanoparticles in diabetic rabbits and in sheep Abstract: The objective of this study was to produce Eudragit® RS 100 microparticles (ERS) containing insulin (ILNP), and to evaluate the potential of these nanoparticles as a drug carrier for oral administration in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits and in sheep. After oral administration of ILNP to diabetic rabbits, a significant hypoglycemic effect was observed and this effect lasted for 2 days. Concentrations of blood glucose were significantly decreased in ILNP-treated sheep compared to those in control and ERS groups on day 5 of the experiment. Orally ILNP-treated sheep exhibited higher concentrations of progesterone compared to control and ERS in all sampling times. Sheep in the ILNP group had lower concentrations of cortisol than the animals in the control group on days 1 and 3. However, other blood hormone parameters were not affected by the treatments. The results show that encapsulation of insulin into nanoparticles allows the preservation of its biological activity when going through digestive system of rabbit and sheep to the blood stream. Keywords: diabetes, insulin encapsulation, drug delivery, rumen-bypass, glycemia Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 251-256 Volume: 59 Issue: 6 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7495-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7495-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201406-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:6:id:7495-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Stachurska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horse Breeding and Use, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: A. Nogaj Author-Workplace-Name: Experimental Station Chorzelów, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Chorzelów, Poland Author-Name: A. Brodacki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biological Foundations of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: J. Nogaj Author-Workplace-Name: Experimental Station Chorzelów, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Chorzelów, Poland Author-Name: J. Batkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biological Foundations of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Title: Genetic distances between horse breeds in Poland estimated according to blood protein polymorphism Abstract: The objective of the study was to estimate the heterozygosity and phylogenetic relationship between horse breeds in Poland, according to erythrocyte antigens and protein polymorphisms. The study included 15 434 horses: Polish Coldblood, Małopolski, Wielkopolski, Hucul, Polish Konik, Biłgorajski, Felin Pony, and ponies of Shetland origin. A total of 14 loci were studied: seven blood groups and seven protein polymorphism systems. Phylogenetic trees obtained for the erythrocyte antigens and protein variants were mostly alike which suggests that both kinds of markers may be equally used in estimating the similarity of animal populations. The lower polymorphism of the structural and enzymatic proteins, as compared with the erythrocyte antigen, resulted in a lower number of alleles per locus, lower heterozygosity, and closer genetic distances. The level of heterozygosity and phylogenetic trees of the breeds turned out to be mostly concordant with the known history of the populations. Małopolski and Wielkopolski horses are the most homozygous, the Huculs, Polish Koniks, and Biłgorajskis have a middle position, while the Polish Coldbloods and the ponies are the most heterozygous. The Polish Koniks are the most related to other breeds which shows that all the breeds studied, Polish Coldbloods included, have many indigenous ancestors. The Huculs, Polish Koniks, and Biłgorajskis are closely related. In spite of different histories, the Małopolski and Wielkopolski horses have the closest relationship. The Felin Ponies cluster together with the Shetlands. According to the blood groups and protein variation, the genetic diversity of the studied horse breeds is low and mainly due to individual differences. The low genetic variability of the breeds suggests reconsidering the long-term strategies of horse breeding in Poland, particularly of the conserved breeds. Keywords: erythrocyte antigen, heterozygosity, horse population, protein marker, relationship Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 257-267 Volume: 59 Issue: 6 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7496-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7496-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201406-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:6:id:7496-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Strojný Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Štofilová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: E. Hijová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: V. Szabadosová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: R. Salaj Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: I. Bertková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Chmelárová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: D. Čokášová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Pramuková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Brandeburová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Bomba Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: N. Bobrov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: P. Suchánek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic Title: Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 in combination with flaxseed oil on the microflora, enzymatic activity, and histological changes in the development of chemically induced precancerous growth in the rat colon Abstract: This experimental study showed the effect of L. plantarum LS/07 on the changes in total counts of coliform bacteria, enzymatic activities, cytokine and histological changes in the colonic mucosa, chemically induced by the application of 1.2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (1.2-DMH) in rats once a week during five weeks in the positive control group, probioticum (PRO) group, and probioticum and oil (PRO-O) group. A total of 32 rats were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: negative control group (diet without any supplements), positive control group (1.2-DMH without any supplements), PRO group (L. plantarum LS/07 at the dose (average concentration 2.88 × 109 CFU/ml) + 1.2-DMH), PRO-O group (L. plantarum LS/07 + flaxseed oil (40 g/kg feed) + 1.2-DMH). All rats were kept on fat diet (35 g/kg). The results showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in total counts of coliform bacteria in PRO-O group. Results of enzymatic activities of isolated strain showed that L. plantarum LS/07 does not produce enzyme β-glucuronidase. Significantly higher activity of β-galactosidase was in the groups PRO (P < 0.001) and PRO-O (P < 0.01). On the other hand, significantly lower (P < 0.001) enzymatic activity of ß-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase was found in PRO-O group compared with positive control group. The cytokine activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) was significantly decreased in groups PRO (P < 0.001) and PRO-O (P < 0.01) compared to the positive control group. The histological examination showed different changes (aberrant crypts and goblet cells) in experimental groups in comparison to the negative control group. Our study indicates that L. plantarum LS/07 in combination with flaxseed oil had a positive influence on colon microflora, enzymatic activities, and cytokine activity. The total results showed that potentiating effects of natural components were markedly achieved in the experimental group PRO-O. Keywords: probiotic, PUFA, 1.2-DMH, coliform bacteria, β -glucuronidase, -glucosidase, -galactosidase, TNFα , histology, rats Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 268-277 Volume: 59 Issue: 6 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7497-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7497-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201406-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:6:id:7497-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Sarubbi Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Production Systems in Mediterranean Environments (ISPAAM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Naples, Italy Author-Name: A. Chiariotti Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for the Production of Meat and Breeding, Agricultural Research Council (CRA), Rome, Italy Author-Name: R. Baculo Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Production Systems in Mediterranean Environments (ISPAAM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Naples, Italy Author-Name: G. Contò Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for the Production of Meat and Breeding, Agricultural Research Council (CRA), Rome, Italy Author-Name: S.A. Huws Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth, UK Title: Nutritive value of maize and sorghum silages: fibre fraction degradation and rumen microbial density in buffalo cows Abstract: Sorghum could be a potential substitute to maize in Mediterranean buffaloes feed in order to improve sustainability of buffalo-based agriculture, due to its reduced water and nitrogen requirements compared with maize, which is currently fed primarily. The aim of this study is to obtain information on rumen degradability of fibre fraction of maize and sorghum silages and to investigate the relationship between degradability and rumen microbial populations. As such four cannulated buffalo milking cows were fed ad libitum two different iso-energetic and iso-proteic diets based on maize silage (MS) and sorghum silage (SS). Based on plate counts, values of cellulolytic bacteria showed to be higher within the rumen of SS fed buffaloes compared to MS fed buffaloes (4.4 × 109 vs 1.9 × 109 cfu/ml, P <0.05), on the contrary, those of xylanolytic bacteria (3.2 × 109 vs 1.3 × 109 cfu/ml, P < 0.01) were higher in MS possibly due to the different fibre degradability. Real-time PCR of total bacteria, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens revealed no statistical difference in their 16S rDNA concentrations between diets. MS and SS were subsequently utilized for a degradability experiment. For this trial three cannulated Mediterranean dry buffalo cows were used (body weight 580 ± 8.5 kg). The MS was found to have an effective degradability of acid detergent fibre, hemicelluloses, and cellulose which were always lower than SS. Maize neutral detergent fibre degradability and slowly degradable fraction were significantly (P < 0.01) higher, on the contrary the immediately degradable fraction was found to be significantly (P < 0.001) lower compared with sorghum. The better sorghum relative feed value (P < 0.001) was related to the major content of fibre fraction compared to maize. As recommended by the IPCC Guidelines (in IPCC 2006), Tier 2 was chosen to estimate the enteric CH4 emission factor. The estimate of methane production is significantly lower in animals eating sorghum rather than maize (63.48 and 103.00 kg CH4/head/year respectively, P < 0.001). In conclusion, as no difference was observed in animal weight gain and milk yield, rumen microbiota or degradability, it could be possible to substitute MS with SS in buffalo diet. Keywords: Italian Mediterranean buffalo, rumen microorganism, rumen degradability, silages Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 278-287 Volume: 59 Issue: 6 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7498-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7498-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201406-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:6:id:7498-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Chrenková Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Production Research Centre Nitra, Lužianky, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Z. Čerešňáková Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Production Research Centre Nitra, Lužianky, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M.R. Weisbjerg Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark Author-Name: Z. Formelová Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Production Research Centre Nitra, Lužianky, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Poláčiková Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Production Research Centre Nitra, Lužianky, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Vondráková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Characterization of proteins in feeds according to the CNCPS and comparison to in situ parameters Abstract: Several methods were used for the evaluation of feed protein for rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein (RUP). The aim of this work was to explore the possibility of using the Cornell method of predicting the fraction RUP. An in situ method was adopted for estimation of degradability parameters (a, b, c) and effective degradable crude protein (EDCP), and five nitrogen fractions (A, B1, B2, B3, and C) were determined according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS). Fifty-one feedstuffs - 13 cereals grains, 5 legume seeds, 3 oilseeds, 11 oilseed by-products, 4 distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and 15 silages (maize, lucerne, grass, and grass-clover) - were used in this work. The examined feedstuffs varied widely in nutrient composition. Fraction B1 (soluble true protein) in forages was small (2.5-5.7% of total N), but it varied to a large extent in concentrates (DDGS 0.9-1.2, legumes 46.5-63.7, oilseeds meal 17.1-51.8% of total N). Fraction B2 represented a large proportion of the total protein in oil seed meals (44.3-82.6% of total N) and in DDGS (55.8-77.8% of total N), too. Fraction B3 was relatively small (less than 10% of total N) in all feedstuffs and declined with increasing acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) concentration. The concentration of ADIN fraction in feeds affected ruminal degradability. Lucerne silage, with a high content of ADIN (30.9% of total N), had a low effective crude protein (CP) degradability (57%). Correlation between EDCP and fraction A was r = 0.76. A weaker correlation (r = 0.67) was found between in situ parameter "b" and fractions B2 and B3 (r = 0.59), respectively. The results show that much more samples of all feed types should be analyzed to obtain results allowing a more exact prediction of CP degradability and RUP. Keywords: feedstuffs, nitrogen fractions, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System, in situ method, effective crude protein degradability Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 288-295 Volume: 59 Issue: 6 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7499-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7499-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201406-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:6:id:7499-CJAS