Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Englmaierová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Tůmová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Charvátová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Skřivan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Effects of laying hens housing system on laying performance, egg quality characteristics, and egg microbial contamination Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the performance, egg quality, and microbial contamination of egg shells from hens maintained in different housing systems, such as conventional and enriched cages, litter, and aviaries. The housing system significantly (P < 0.001) influenced the performance characteristics. The highest egg production, lowest daily feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio were measured in conventional cages compared to litter and aviaries. Higher egg shell and albumen qualities were observed in conventional cages, whereas hens housed in enriched cages and aviaries laid eggs with a higher yolk index (P < 0.001). The housing system significantly (P < 0.001) influenced the total count of bacteria on the egg surface and the microbial contamination of Enterococcus and Escherichia coli. The lowest values for the total count of bacterial contamination (P < 0.001) were found in eggs from conventional cages (4.05 log colony-forming units (CFU)/egg) and enriched cages (3.98 log CFU/egg). Eggs from aviaries had 5.49 log CFU per egg, and the highest level of contamination was observed in eggs that were laid on litter (6.24 log CFU/egg). The level of the microbial contamination of egg shells from litter and aviaries was by 2 log CFU higher than in eggs from cages. It could be concluded, from the viewpoint of egg safety, a more suitable substitute for conventional cages are enriched cages and aviaries than litter. Keywords: cage, aviary, litter, egg production, egg shell, bacterial contamination Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 345-352 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7585-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7585-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201408-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:8:id:7585-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: R. Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Province Xinxiang City Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Management Bureau, Xinxiang, P.R. China Author-Name: B.X. Yan Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: J.S. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Y.Q. Huang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.X. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Y.M. Guo Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Effects of the replacement of corn oil with linseed oil on fatty acid composition and the expression of lipogenic genes in broiler chickens Abstract: The effect of dietary 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 ratio (by the replacement of corn oil with linseed oil) on n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) enrichment in breast muscle of broiler chickens and the expression of lipogenic genes were investigated. Broiler chickens were fed ad libitum with diets containing 5% corn oil (CO), 3.75% corn oil + 1.25% linseed oil (CL1), 2.5% corn oil + 2.5% linseed oil (CL2), and 5% linseed oil (LO) based on the basic diets, respectively. Dietary 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 ratio did not affect 42-day body weight and 0-42-day feed conversion efficiency (feed/gain, P > 0.05) of broiler chickens, however, 5% linseed oil significantly increased 0-21-day feed conversion efficiency (feed/gain, P < 0.05) and decreased breast muscle weight (by 16%, P < 0.05) of broiler chickens. With the decrease of dietary 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 ratio, the enrichment of total n-3 PUFA, 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, and 22:5n-3 increased linearly (P < 0.01), while the enrichment of total n-6 PUFA and 18:2n-6 decreased linearly (P < 0.01) in breast muscle of broiler chickens. Dietary corn oil increased the enrichment proportion of 20:4n-6 in a dosage-independent manner. Replacing 1.5% corn oil with linseed oil increased the enrichment proportion of 22:6n-3 (P < 0.05), but continuing to increase dietary linseed oil could not further elevate its deposition. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of the mRNA levels of related genes. Dietary PUFA had insignificant effect on the expressions of LPIN2, WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (WDTC1) and △-6 fatty acid desaturase (FADS2) in both breast muscle and abdominal fat. The effect of dietary PUFA on the expression of LPIN1 gene showed clear tissue dependence. Equivalent adding of corn oil and linseed oil could up-regulate the mRNA level of LPIN1 in abdominal fat (P < 0.01). This study demonstrated that decreasing dietary 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 ratio promoted the deposition of desirable n-3 long chain PUFA in the edible tissue and influenced the expression of LPIN1 in a tissue-dependent manner. Keywords: birds, performance, essential fatty acid, gene expression Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 353-364 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7586-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7586-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201408-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:8:id:7586-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Hanusová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Míková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Večerek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Schroeffelová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech-Moravian Breeders Association, Hradištko, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Řehout Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Tothová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Vernerová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Hosnedlová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Čítek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Effect of DGAT1 polymorphisms on the estimated breeding values of Czech Simmental sires Abstract: The aim was to evaluate the effect of polymorphisms in the promoter and in the coding region of the DGAT1 gene on the estimated breeding values (EBV) of Czech Simmental sires. The K232A polymorphism (n = 191) in the coding region was genotyped by PCR/RFLP, and the KU and SA polymorphisms in the promoter (n = 203) were identified in an automatic sequencer. In the K232A polymorphism, the frequency of the genotype AA (Alanine) was greater than that of the genotype KA, the homozygous genotype KK (Lysine) was not found. Similarly, the allele A predominated over the K allele (0.945 and 0.055). The EBV for milk performance have been assigned to the genotypes, and the associations quantified. For the AA genotype and A allele, positive association with EBV of milk yield and protein yield was found, and negative association with the breeding values of fat percentage and yield, and protein percentage, but only the value of fat content was found to be significant. The positive non-significant association of the A variant with the protein yield was caused by the high milk yield. In the KU polymorphism, the CC genotype was associated significantly with lower EBV for the fat percentage, both the C allele and the CC genotype were associated with higher EBV for milk yield, so both the fat and the protein yield were non-significantly increased. For the diplotypes K232A/KU, there was a significant association with the fat percentage. The AACC combination seemed to have some breeding potential. The K232A polymorphism explained maximum of 6.2% of EBV variability, the KU polymorphism of 4.4%, and the SA polymorphism of 4.2%. The diplotypes K232A/KU explained maximum of 7.4% of variability. The highest proportion of variability was explained for fat percentage. The results confirmed the important role of the BTA14 region in controlling milk performance. Keywords: cattle, acyl-CoA diacylgycerol transferase1, K232A, promoter, milk performance, breeding, genotypes Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 365-373 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7587-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7587-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201408-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:8:id:7587-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Skřivanová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Š. Pražáková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Benada Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Microbiology, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Hovorková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Marounek Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens to sucrose monoesters of capric and lauric acid Abstract: The sucrose monoesters of capric and lauric acid were tested for their antibacterial activity towards two foodborne enteropathogenic bacteria - Escherichia coli (CCM 3954 - serotype O6 and E22 - serotype O103) and Clostridium perfringens (CNCTC 5459 and CIP 105178). Antibacterial activity was evaluated by the plating technique. Sucrose monocaprate significantly decreased the number of viable cells of E. coli at all tested concentrations (0.1-5 mg/ml). The overnight incubation of C. perfringens with the sucrose ester of lauric acid at 0.1-5 mg/ml reduced the number of viable cells below the detection limit (2 log10 CFU/ml). Incubating E. coli CCM 3954 and C. perfringens CNCTC 5459 with monoesters (0.1 and 2 mg/ml) did not influence the K+ permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane in cells during a 2.5-minute treatment. A 30-minute incubation of E. coli CCM 3954 and C. perfringens CNCTC 5459 with esters (0.1 and 2 mg/ml) revealed damage to cytoplasmic structures, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. Keywords: inhibition, ester, fatty acids, bacterium, antibacterial Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 374-380 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7588-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7588-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201408-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:8:id:7588-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Linhartová Author-Workplace-Name: Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Rodina Author-Workplace-Name: Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Guralp Author-Workplace-Name: Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Gazo Author-Workplace-Name: Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Saito Author-Workplace-Name: Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Pšenička Author-Workplace-Name: Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Title: Isolation and cryopreservation of early stages of germ cells of tench (Tinca tinca) Abstract: A practical technique for isolation and cryopreservation of tench (Tinca tinca) (Cyprinidae, Teleostei) early stages of germ cells (GC), including spermatogonia and spermatocytes, is reported for the first time. The germ-line cells possess the ability to differentiate into functional gametes of both sexes. These early stages of germ cells are small enough to be well-suited to cryopreservation, which, together with their high level of plasticity, makes their preservation a promising tool for maintaining genetic resources. Testicular cells were distinguished and separated by Percoll gradient, with the highest proportion of GC (62.2%) obtained from the 30% layer. The concentration and viability of GC were determined, and specific staining (DDX4) for germ cells was used to distinguish GC from somatic cells. Early stages of germ cells were cryopreserved in an extender composed of phosphate buffered saline (pH 8) with 0.5% BSA, 50mM d-glucose, and containing 1.5M cryoprotectant in the pre-programmed PLANER Kryo10 series III using a cooling protocol from +10°C to -80°C at a rate of 1°C/min. The effect of six cryoprotectants - methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfoxide + propanediol (1 : 1), glycerol, ethylene glycol, and dimethylacetamid was assessed, and the results were evaluated by comparing the percentage of viable frozen/thawed GC by ANOVA, Tukey's HSD test (P < 0.05). Almost the same viability rates were obtained with no significant differences among tested cryoprotectants, indicating high stability of GC in cryoprotectants. Nevertheless, glycerol at a concentration of 1.5M was associated with the highest survival rate of thawed tench GC (57.69 ± 16.85%). Keywords: germ cells, isolation, transplantation, Percoll gradient, cryoprotectant, viability Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 381-390 Volume: 59 Issue: 8 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7589-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7589-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201408-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:8:id:7589-CJAS