Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Komprda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: G. Zorníková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Knoll Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: CEITEC MENDELU, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Vykoukalová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Rozíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Škultéty Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Krobot Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Effect of dietary eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid on expression of rat liver genes controlling cholesterol homeostasis and on plasma cholesterol level Abstract: A hypothesis that eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) lower plasma cholesterol via increased expression of the Insig-1 gene with ensuing decrease of expression of genes coding for 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (Hmgcr) and low density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr) was tested in rats fed a diet with 3% of fish oil (FO). Expression of the Insig-1 gene in the liver of the FO-fed rats was 730% (P < 0.05) of the control. However, contrary to the hypothesis, expression of the Hmgcr gene and Ldlr gene was 165% and 210% of the control (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, FO in the diet decreased (P < 0.05) plasma cholesterol of rats by 10% (from 1.19 to 1.07 mmol/l); it was therefore concluded that the cholesterol-lowering effect of EPA+DHA is at least partly based on mechanisms other than tested in the present experiment. Keywords: PPARα , SREBP-2, Insig-1, cholesterol, PUFAn-3, rats Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 391-398 Volume: 59 Issue: 9 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7650-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7650-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201409-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:9:id:7650-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.K. Bhanja Author-Workplace-Name: Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India Author-Name: M. Sudhagar Author-Workplace-Name: Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India Author-Name: A. Goel Author-Workplace-Name: Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India Author-Name: N. Pandey Author-Workplace-Name: Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India Author-Name: M. Mehra Author-Workplace-Name: Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India Author-Name: S.K. Agarwal Author-Workplace-Name: Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India Author-Name: A. Mandal Author-Workplace-Name: Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India Title: Differential expression of growth and immunity related genes influenced by in ovo supplementation of amino acids in broiler chickens Abstract: The present study was aimed at investigating the role of in ovo administered amino acids: lysine, arginine, threonine or methionine plus cysteine (Met+Cys) in 14-day embryos on expression profile of growth (chicken growth hormone (cGH), insulin like growth factors (IGF) I and II, and mucin) and immunity related genes (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). On incubation day (ID) 18, higher (P < 0.01) cGH and mucin gene expression was observed in lysine, threonine, arginine or Met+Cys injected embryos, while IGF-II expression was higher in threonine, arginine or Met+Cys injected embryos on ID 20. Expression of growth genes was down regulated (P < 0.01) on day of hatch in most of the amino acids injected chicks. On day 7 post-hatch (PH), threonine or arginine exhibited higher expression of cGH, IGF-I, and IGF-II but higher mucin gene expression only on day 14 PH. Threonine or Met+Cys injected birds had higher expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, while arginine injected birds had higher TNF-α expression. Lysine, threonine or Met+Cys injected birds had higher IL-2, but lower of IL-12 and IFN-γ gene expression. It is concluded that arginine and threonine enhanced the expression of growth related genes, while threonine and Met+Cys modulated expression of immune genes in broiler chickens. Keywords: in ovo injection, critical nutrients, growth genes, immunity genes, broilers Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 399-408 Volume: 59 Issue: 9 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7651-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7651-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201409-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:9:id:7651-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Přibyl Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Bauer Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Pešek Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Přibylová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Vostrý Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Zavadilová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Domestic and Interbull information in the single step genomic evaluation of Holstein milk production Abstract: Estimated breeding values and genomic enhanced breeding values for milk production of young genotyped Holstein bulls were predicted using a conventional animal model, ridge regression genomic prediction procedure, genomic best linear unbiased prediction, single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction, and one-step blending procedures. For prediction, the nation-wide database of domestic Czech production records was combined with deregressed proofs from Interbull files through 2008, which had been transformed by multiple across country evaluation to reflect domestic production conditions. 1259 genotyped bulls had already been proven in 2008. Analyses were run that used Interbull values only for these genotyped bulls and used Interbull values for all available sires. Predictions were validated by comparing correlations of breeding value predictions with estimated breeding values and daughter-yield-deviations after progeny test in 2012 of 140 young genotyped bulls and their associated reliabilities. Combining domestic data with Interbull estimated breeding values improved prediction of both estimated breeding values and genomic enhanced breeding values. Prediction by animal model (traditional estimated breeding values) using only the domestic database had 0.29 validated reliability of prediction; whereas combining the nation-wide domestic database with all available deregressed proofs for genotyped and non-genotyped sires from Interbull resulted in reliability of 0.34, compared to 0.36 when using Interbull data only. The highest reliabilities were for predictions from the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction procedure using combined data, or with all available deregressed proofs from Interbull only (one-step blending approach), which reached validated reliabilities for genomic enhanced breeding values predictions 0.53 and 0.54, respectively. Keywords: genomic breeding value, single-step prediction, animal model, validated reliability Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 409-415 Volume: 59 Issue: 9 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7652-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7652-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201409-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:9:id:7652-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Vlčková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Malinová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Koubková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Száková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Zídek Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Fučíková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Zídková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Kolihová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Long-term effect of diet amended by risk elements contaminated soils on risk element penetration and physiological parameters of rats Abstract: The long-term accumulation of risk elements (As, Cd, Pb) originated from differently contaminated soils in rat organism was investigated during a model two-generation experiment. The effect of soil contamination level, gender, and length of exposure as well as the interactions between risk elements and selected essential macro- and microelements were studied. Rat diet contained 10% of individual soils (based on dry weight): (i) Fluvisol heavily polluted by As, Cd, Zn, and Pb, (ii) Luvisol contaminated by As, Cd, and Zn, and (iii) uncontaminated Chernozem. Male and female Wistar rats used for the experiment were housed in cages in a room with controlled temperature for 60 days and were fed ad libitum the mentioned diets. Subsequently, the pregnant females were continuously fed the experimental diet until weaning when the young animals were separated to male and female and fed the experimental diet till day 110 of age. The element contents in rat tissues reflected the risk element contents in contaminated soils. The bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the risk elements decreased in the order Cd>As>Pb and was affected by the soil physicochemical parameters. No significant differences were observed between male and female rats as well as between the first and the second generation. However, interactions were reported among the risk elements where the high cadmium content in Fluvisol resulted in increasing arsenic accumulation in the rat liver. Moreover, arsenic-copper interactions were observed where significant increase of the copper level was determined in kidney of the animals fed Luvisol exceeding 50-fold the maximum permissible limits for As content in agricultural soils. Among the hematological and biochemical characteristics of rats, total erythrocyte count (Er), hematocrit (Hct) increased confirming adverse effect of soil-derived risk elements especially in male rats. Keywords: Keywords: risk elements, soil, soil ingestion, liver, kidney, blood, Rattus norvegicus Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 416-427 Volume: 59 Issue: 9 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7653-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7653-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201409-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:9:id:7653-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Romero Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Food Technology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Orihuela, Spain Author-Name: D. Reinemann Author-Workplace-Name: Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA Author-Name: M. Alejandro Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Food Technology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Orihuela, Spain Author-Name: J.R. Díaz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Food Technology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Orihuela, Spain Title: Goat mastitis detection using daily records of milk conductivity: comparative results of different algorithms Abstract: Milk electrical conductivity is employed for mastitis detection in cows due to its automation, low cost, and infection detectability at early stage. Nevertheless, the number of publications about its use in dairy goats is scarce. The aim of this study was to check and compare the detectability of goat mastitis (sensitivity and specificity) using different algorithms, constructed with individual daily conductivity data from glands, in order to improve the know how about the potential of this variable for goat mastitis detection. A total of 18 goats (8 primiparous and 10 multiparous) free of mastitis were used, and gland milk conductivity was daily monitored. After 16 days of monitoring, some unfavourable situations for gland health were simulated in order to increase the cases of infection. Once infection was established (9 goats and 12 glands got infected), the experiment continued for further 16 days. A total of 19 different algorithms that employed conductivity data from gland were designed; they were tested using gland milk conductivity (EC) and ratio of EC of collateral glands in the same goat (RATEC). The algorithms were tested in all the animals and intramammary infection detection ability characteristics (sensitivity (SENS), specificity (SPEC), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV)) were recorded. All clinical cases were detected (n = 2, 100% SENS) with all the algorithms. Best global SENS (clinical and subclinical, 33.3-58.3%) and SPEC (77.8-100%) were similar to results reported in previous studies in cows, and obtained with algorithms ARIMA and Rule 1 (3 standard deviations of data). The best algorithms to use in mastitis detection depend on the prevalence and type of mastitis. EC ARIMA and Rule 1 algorithms detected the most severe cases on-line and quickly, with a low proportion of false positives. Keywords: intramammary infection, gland measurements, on-line, sensitivity, specificity, ARIMA Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 428-434 Volume: 59 Issue: 9 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7654-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7654-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201409-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:9:id:7654-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Tůmová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R.M. Gous Author-Workplace-Name: University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa Author-Name: N. Tyler Author-Workplace-Name: University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa Title: Effect of hen age, environmental temperature, and oviposition time on egg shell quality and egg shell and serum mineral contents in laying and broiler breeder hens Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate egg shell quality characteristics, mineral content in the egg shell, and serum mineral concentration during the egg formation process as influenced by oviposition time and ambient temperature at the beginning and end of the laying cycle in laying hens and broiler breeders. Egg shell quality deteriorated significantly at the higher temperature and was lower in broiler breeders than in laying hens. The Ca (P = 0.047) and P (P = 0.018) contents of the egg shell were significantly higher at the higher temperature. The highest (P = 0.028) shell Ca content (352 g/kg) was in eggs laid in the morning, but the highest P (P = 0.030; 1.43 g/kg) and Mg (P = 0.001; 3.88 g/kg) contents were in eggs laid in the afternoon. Broiler breeder egg shells contained significantly more P (P = 0.004) and Mg (P = 0.001) than did those from laying hens. Serum Ca and P levels remained constant throughout the day whereas serum Mg and Zn levels decreased, the rate of decrease in Zn content being the same in all treatments, but with the amounts being greater in laying hens than broiler breeders. The results demonstrate that shell quality characteristics are more severely affected by different factors implemented in this trial compared to the shell mineral composition and especially compared to the serum mineral content. Keywords: egg, mineral composition, serum minerals Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 435-443 Volume: 59 Issue: 9 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/7655-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7655-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201409-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:59:y:2014:i:9:id:7655-CJAS