Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Cozma Author-Workplace-Name: UMRH 1213 Herbivores, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France Author-Workplace-Name: UMR Herbivores, VetAgro Sup, Clermont-Ferrand, France Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Author-Name: S. Andrei Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Author-Name: A. Pintea Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Author-Name: D. Miere Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Author-Name: L. Filip Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Author-Name: F. Loghin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Author-Name: A. Ferlay Author-Workplace-Name: UMRH 1213 Herbivores, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France Author-Workplace-Name: UMR Herbivores, VetAgro Sup, Clermont-Ferrand, France Title: Effect of hemp seed oil supplementation on plasma lipid profile, liver function, milk fatty acid, cholesterol, and vitamin A concentrations in Carpathian goats Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with hemp seed oil (HSO) on the lipid metabolism, through the plasma lipid profile, liver function and concentrations of fatty acids (FA), cholesterol, and vitamin A in goat milk. Ten Carpathian goats were divided into two groups: one was fed the control diet (C) composed of alfalfa hay and concentrate, and the other was fed C diet supplemented with 93 g/day of HSO (4.7% of dry matter intake) for 31 days. The HSO supplementation did not modify plasma cholesterol, triglyceride or phospholipid concentrations, or the activities of alanine aminotransferase or γ-glutamyltransferase, but plasma total lipid concentration was increased. HSO supplementation had no effect on milk yield, but it increased milk fat and protein contents. HSO supplementation markedly altered milk FA composition, but had no effect on milk cholesterol or vitamin A concentrations. Changes in milk FA composition corresponded to a decrease in saturated de novo synthesized FA (10:0-16:0) and an increase in 4:0, 18:0, and polyunsaturated FA concentrations. Also, HSO supplementation strongly increased cis-9,trans-11-CLA and also trans-18:1 concentrations in milk fat. These findings suggest that HSO can be used to modify milk FA content with a putative positive effect on human health, without adversely affecting goat performance or health, except for a potential hyperlipidemic effect. Keywords: dairy goats, plant oil, milk liposoluble components, lipid metabolism Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 289-301 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8275-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8275-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201507-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:7:id:8275-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G.J. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: P.A. Thacker Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada Author-Name: J.K. Htoo Author-Workplace-Name: Evonik Industries AG, Nutrition Research, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany Author-Name: S.Y. Qiao Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Optimum proportion of standardized ileal digestible sulfur amino acid to lysine to maximize the performance of 25-50 kg growing pigs fed reduced crude protein diets fortified with amino acids Abstract: The study was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) sulfur amino acid (SAA) to lysine (Lys) ratio required to maximize the performance of 25-50 kg pigs fed reduced crude protein (CP) diets fortified with crystalline amino acids. A total of 360 crossbred (Duroc × (Landrace × Large White)) pigs, weighing 25.6 ± 2.7 kg, were blocked by gender, litter, and initial body weight (BW) and allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 6 pens per treatment and 12 pigs per pen for a 35-day performance trial. The basal diet was based on corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran and was formulated to be deficient in SAA (50% proportion of SID SAA to Lys). Graded levels of dl-methionine were added to the basal diet at the expense of wheat bran in order to provide 55.6, 60.0, 65.6, or 70.0% proportion of SID SAA to Lys, respectively. A constant SID Lys level of 0.90% was set so that Lys was the second limiting amino acid (AA) in all diets. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) with increasing dietary proportion of SID SAA to Lys. Increasing the dietary proportion of SID SAA to Lys decreased the serum urea nitrogen (SUN) level (quadratic, P < 0.05). A two-slope broken-line model estimated the optimum proportion of SID SAA to Lys to be 62.2, 61.5, and 62.3% for maximum ADG and minimum FCR and SUN, respectively, whereas a curvilinear-plateau model yielded an optimum proportion of SID SAA to Lys level of 63.8, 62.5, and 61.5% for maximum ADG and minimum FCR and SUN, respectively. Based on an average of these estimates, we conclude that the proportion of SID SAA to Lys required for 25-50 kg pigs fed low CP diets is 62.3%. This estimate is higher than the NRC (2012) recommendation of 56.1% for 25-50 kg pigs fed normal CP diets. Keywords: amino acid ratio, requirement Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 302-310 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8276-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8276-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201507-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:7:id:8276-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Hristov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: D. Teofanova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: B. Neov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: B. Shivachev Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Structural Crystallography and Materials Science, Laboratory of X-ray Diffraction Analysis, Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: G. Radoslavov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Title: Mitochondrial diversity in autochthonous cattle breeds from the Balkan Peninsula Abstract: The Bulgarian Grey Cattle (BGC) and Shorthorn Rhodopean Cattle (SRC) are indigenous breeds from the Balkan Peninsula region. The Balkans, as part of Southeast Europe, is a crucial civilization crossroad of cultures, people, and livestock. This region is considered the civilization "cradle" of prehistoric times (around 6500 BC). The aim of the present study is to reveal the genetic profile and population structure of BGC and SRC according to displacement loop control region. The results showed that these ancient cattle breeds belong to the common T1, T2, and T3 haplogroups. Within the BGC population the T3a sub-haplogroup was predominant (about 80% - 31/39) with haplotypes BGC-4.1 (33% - 13/39) and BGC-4.2 (about 40% - 16/39). Mitochondrial DNA analysis of SRC population showed a heterogeneous structure consisting of five basic haplo- and sub-haplogroups, all based on twelve haplotypes with equal frequencies. Based on 173G polymorphic site newly named sub-haplogroup T3c was proposed. A detailed comparative analysis with other Balkan cattle populations was performed. Data showed multiple haplotype mtDNA profile with no phylogenetic relationships within. Keywords: autochthonous cattle, domestication, D-loop region, genetic diversity Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 311-318 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8277-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8277-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201507-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:7:id:8277-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Čítek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Stupka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Okrouhlá Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Vehovský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Brzobohatý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Šprysl Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Stádník Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effects of dietary linseed and corn supplement on the fatty acid content in the pork loin and backfat tissue Abstract: The influence of linseed and corn dietary supplements on the fatty acid (FA) composition of pork was evaluated. The effects of their appropriate use and dosage on pork meat and fat technological quality were also investigated. In total 72 pigs fed complete feed mixtures were divided into 4 groups: control (C), corn- (CD), linseed- (LD), and corn + linseed-supplemented (CLD). After slaughter the lean meat share, intramuscular fat content, meat and fat colour, shear force, drip loss, and malondialdehyde content were determined. Subsequently, the FA content and sum of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids, the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio, and atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes in the loin and backfat tissue were determined. Corn and lineseed supplementation increases the content of myristic, linoleic, α-linolenic, and eicosapentaenoic acids and reduces the amount of palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, eicosenoic, and arachidonic acids. Therefore it reduces the PUFA/SFA ratio and improves atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes. No negative effects of linseed and corn supplementation on the technological characteristics of pork meat and backfat were registered. Due to the positive effects on indicators related to human health, linseed and maize supplementation can be recommended in pig diet. Keywords: pork meat, backfat, diets, nutrition, physical and chemical characteristics, fatty acid composition Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 319-326 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8278-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8278-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201507-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:7:id:8278-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: X. Guo Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China Author-Name: H. Nan Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China Author-Name: D. Shi Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Wan Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China Author-Name: B. Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China Author-Name: Z. Geng Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China Author-Name: R. Jiang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China Title: Effects of caponization on growth, carcass, and meat characteristics and the mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in roosters of a Chinese indigenous breed Abstract: The effects of caponization on growth, body measurements, carcass traits, meat quality, and the mRNA expression of three genes related to lipid metabolism in Guang-xi Yellow roosters were evaluated. Thirty roosters (25 days) of similar weight were randomly divided equally into the experimental (capons, n = 15) and control (intact males, n = 15) groups. Caponization was conducted at 28 days of age, and birds were slaughtered at 140 days of age. Capons were significantly heavier (P < 0.05) than intact males and also had longer keel length and chest depth (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the percentage of eviscerated weight with giblet and eviscerated weight between the two groups. However, caponization increased breast muscle yield and decreased leg muscle yield (P < 0.05). The capons exhibited higher lightness values for thigh meat and lower redness values for both breast and thigh meat. Moreover, caponization up-regulated the fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA level in the liver, indicating enhanced hepatic lipogenesis, and also up-regulated the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) mRNA levels in abdominal adipose tissue, which indicates increased lipid deposition and adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, caponization is associated with heavier body weight, higher breast meat yield, and higher abdominal fat percentage in Guang-xi Yellow roosters; the higher abdominal fat percentage may be associated with the increase in the mRNA expression of FAS, LPL, and PPARγ. Keywords: capon, body weight, carcass composition, gene expression Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 327-333 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8279-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8279-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201507-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:7:id:8279-CJAS