Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Wei Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: S.X. Lin Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: J.L. Wu Author-Workplace-Name: DSM China Animal Nutrition Centre, Bazhou, Hebei, P.R. China Author-Name: G.Y. Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: T.T. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: W.S. Zheng Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Effects of supplementing vitamin E on in vitro rumen gas production, volatile fatty acid production, dry matter disappearance rate, and utilizable crude protein Abstract: Two in vitro trials were carried out to study the effects of supplementing vitamin E (VE) on rumen fermentation. In Trial I, four levels of VE product (purity 50%), i.e. 0, 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg dry matter (DM) of feed (equivalent to 0, 7.5, 15, 30 IU VE/kg DM) were supplemented to a typical feed mixture, respectively, as experimental treatments. The gas test technique of Menke et al. (1979) was used to measure gas and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. In Trial II, the in vitro incubation technique of Zhao and Lebzien (2000) was used to determine DM disappearance rate and utilizable crude protein (uCP). Four levels of VE, i.e. 0, 7.5, 15, 30 IU/kg DM were supplemented to the same feed mixture as in Trial I, respectively, as experimental treatments. The results showed that supplementing VE increased total gas production (P < 0.01) and tended to increase methane (CH4) production (P = 0.087). Supplementing VE also increased total VFA (P < 0.05) and propionate (P < 0.05), tended to increase acetate production (P = 0.084), and significantly increased DM disappearance rate (P < 0.05) and uCP (P < 0.01). It was concluded that supplementing VE at 30 IU/kg DM under the conditions of present trials with 11.1 IU/kg DM in the feed mixture improved in vitro rumen fermentation of feed mixture. Further research is necessary to confirm the effects of supplementing VE using in vivo trials. Keywords: vitamin E, rumen fermentation, in vitro Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 335-341 Volume: 60 Issue: 8 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8402-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8402-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201508-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:8:id:8402-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Zendehdel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: A. Baghbanzadeh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: B. Yeganeh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: S. Hassanpour Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Title: The role of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in lipopolysaccharide-induced hypophagia in chicken Abstract: Previous studies showed that cyclooxygenase 1 (COX) enzyme has an important role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hypophagia in mammals but the effect of COX on LPS-induced hypophagia has not been studied in avian species. The current study was designed to investigate the effects of Indomethacin, a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, Aspirin (irreversible cyclooxygenase inhibitor), Piroxicam (a selective COX-1 inhibitor), and Celecoxib (a selective COX-2 inhibitor) on LPS-induced hypophagia in 3-h food-deprived (FD3) cockerels. One hundred and sixty ROSS 308 chickens were randomly divided into 5 experiments and 4 treatment groups (8 replicates in each group of experiments). Guide cannula was surgically implanted into the lateral ventricle of chickens. In Experiment 1, birds received LPS (5, 10, and 20 ng) intracerebroventricularly (ICV). In Experiment 2, chickens were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with Indomethacin (5 mg/kg) prior to LPS injection (20 ng; ICV). In Experiment 3, birds were i.p. injected with Aspirin (50 mg/kg) followed by LPS injection (20 ng; ICV). In Experiment 4, chickens were given LPS (20 ng; ICV) after Piroxicam injection (10 mg/kg; i.p.). In Experiment 5, chickens were injected with Celecoxib (10 mg/kg; i.p.) prior to LPS injection (20 ng; ICV). Cumulative feed intake was determined until 8 h post-injection. According to the results, LPS significantly decreased feed intake at 4 and 8 h post injection in birds (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, LPS-induced hypophagia was attenuated by pre-injection with Indomethacin, Aspirin, and Celecoxib (P ≤ 0.05). However, Piroxicam had no effect on LPS-induced hypophagia (P ≥ 0.05). These results suggest that presumably COX-2 mediates LPS-induced hypophagia in broilers. Keywords: prostaglandins, cytokines, food intake, broiler Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 342-350 Volume: 60 Issue: 8 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8403-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8403-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201508-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:8:id:8403-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Viehmann Author-Workplace-Name: University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: C. Unterweger Author-Workplace-Name: University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: M. Ganter Author-Workplace-Name: Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany Author-Name: B.U. Metzler-Zebeli Author-Workplace-Name: University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: M. Ritzmann Author-Workplace-Name: Clinic for Swine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Oberschleissheim, Germany Author-Name: I. Hennig-Pauka Author-Workplace-Name: University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria Title: Effects of bovine colostrum on performance, survival, and immunoglobulin status of suckling piglets during the first days of life Abstract: Supplementation of bovine colostrum (BC) has shown to improve growth performance, intestinal development, and immune response in early-weaned pigs. Little is known about whether BC may have similar effects in neonatal piglets. In the present study, the effect of BC supplementation on mortality, growth performance, and blood parameters (plasma proteins and white blood count) of suckling piglets in the first 10 days of life was investigated under practical conditions with special emphasis on low birth weight piglets. In total, 258 newborn piglets from 30 multiparous sows in a commercial breeding unit were randomly assigned to two different treatment groups. Piglets received either 1 ml of BC orally on days 1-3 of life (group BC, n = 128) or 1 ml of saline (0.9%) (control (CON) group; n = 130). Body weight was measured on days 1, 4, and 10 of life. Blood was collected on days 1 and 4 from 60 piglets per group. No differences in mortality, body weight, and average daily weight gain were observed between treatment groups in days 1-10. However, compared to CON, particularly in low birth weight piglets the administration of BC supported (P < 0.01) their survival. Group BC exhibited lower plasma total protein (P = 0.03) and beta-globulin (P = 0.02) concentrations compared to group CON. In conclusion, BC improved low and normal birth weight piglets' survival during their first 10 days of life. Further research is needed to clarify whether the survival rate is related to earlier gut closure indicated by lower plasma protein levels, which might be beneficial due to a lower uptake of potential antigenic substances. Keywords: bovine colostrum supplement, growth performance, field trial, nursery pig, survivability Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 351-358 Volume: 60 Issue: 8 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8404-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8404-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201508-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:8:id:8404-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, P.R. China Author-Name: B. Shi Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, P.R. China Author-Name: S. Yan Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Jin Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Guo Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, P.R. China Author-Name: T. Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, P.R. China Title: Effects of chitosan on nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and mRNA expression in weaned piglets Abstract: The effects of chitosan on nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and gene expression in vivo or vitro were investigated in weaned piglets. In vivo, 180 weaned piglets were assigned to five dietary treatments with six replicates. The piglets were fed on a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg chitosan/kg feed, respectively. In vitro, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a weaned piglet were cultured respectively with 0 (control), 40, 80, 160, and 320 µg chitosan/ml medium. Results showed that serum NO concentrations on days 14 and 28 and iNOS activity on day 28 were quadratically improved with increasing chitosan dose (P < 0.05). The iNOS mRNA expressions were linearly or quadratically enhanced in the duodenum on day 28, and were improved quadratically in the jejunum on days 14 and 28 and in the ileum on day 28 (P < 0.01). In vitro, the NO concentrations, iNOS activity, and mRNA expression in unstimulated PBMCs were quadratically enhanced by chitosan, but the improvement of NO concentrations and iNOS activity by chitosan were markedly inhibited by N-(3-[aminomethyl] benzyl) acetamidine (1400w) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the increase of NO concentrations, iNOS activity, and mRNA expression in PBMCs induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were suppressed significantly by chitosan (P < 0.05). The results indicated that the NO concentrations, iNOS activity, and mRNA expression in piglets were increased by feeding chitosan in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, chitosan improved the NO production in unstimulated PBMCs but inhibited its production in LPS-induced cells, which exerted bidirectional regulatory effects on the NO production via modulated iNOS activity and mRNA expression. Keywords: serum, mononuclear cell, small intestine, immune function, lipopolysaccharide Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 359-366 Volume: 60 Issue: 8 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8405-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8405-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201508-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:8:id:8405-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Giergiel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: M. Kankofer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Title: Age and sex-related changes in superoxide dismutase activity in bovine tissues Abstract: The influence of age, gender, and type of tissue on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in bovine organs and tissues was investigated. The investigated material consisted of fragments of tissues and organs (liver, heart, lung, kidney, skeletal muscles, and diaphragm) from healthy cows (n = 15), bulls (n = 15), and female calves (n = 12) collected immediately after slaughter at the slaughterhouse. The total SOD activity was measured in tissue and organ homogenates by spectrophotometric method. PAGE electrophoresis and Western blotting technique with specific anti-SOD antibodies as well as zymography confirmed the presence of enzymatic protein and SOD isoenzymes in examined tissues. The study revealed significant differences in SOD activity between organs and tissues, which might be connected with different metabolic rate. Age-related changes were also observed. SOD activity was twice higher in kidneys, lungs, heart of calves compared to other groups of animals. It was also noticed that SOD activity was higher in younger animals and decreased with ageing among the group of bulls. Gender-related differences were observed in lungs and diaphragm. It was concluded that SOD activity depends on sex steroids, which is reflected in age and gender discrepancies, as well as metabolic rate of tissues. Keywords: antioxidative enzymes, cows, calves, bulls, age, sex Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 367-374 Volume: 60 Issue: 8 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8406-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8406-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201508-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:8:id:8406-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Foltyn Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Lichovníková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Rada Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Musilová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Apparent ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids in protein feedstuffs and trypsin activity in the small intestine in broiler chickens Abstract: Coefficients of ileal apparent digestibility (CIAD) for crude protein (CP) and amino acids in five protein feedstuffs: corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), raw full-fat soybean (RFFSB), extruded full fat soybean (EFFSB), soybean meal (SBM), and rapeseed meal (RSM) were determined using 5-week-old male broiler chickens. Trypsin activity in digesta in the ileum and jejunum were also measured. CIAD of CP was the highest in SBM (0.73). The lowest (P < 0.05) CIAD of CP was determined for RFFSB (0.45). There was no significant difference in CIAD of CP between RSM (0.61) and DDGS (0.62). The CIAD values for all essential amino acids except Lys (0.52) were the lowest in RFFSB (P < 0.05). The CIAD of Lys was the lowest in DDGS (0.39, P < 0.05). The CIAD for all essential amino acids was the highest in SBM (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between EFFSB and SBM (P > 0.05) in CIAD of Leu (0.71, 0.73), His (0.66, 0.69), Lys (0.70, 0.77), Met (0.74, 0.80), Thr (0.60, 0.62), and Val (0.65, 0.67). Both the feedstuff and the intestinal region and their interaction had a significant (P < 0.01) effect on trypsin activity. The CIAD of CP and amino acids were very high and comparable both in EFFSB and SBM. The CIAD values for CP and amino acids in DDGS and RSM were lower than in SBM, but they seemed to be comparable to each other. Keywords: soybean meal, rapeseed meal, raw full fat soybean, extruded full fat soybean, DDGS Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 375-382 Volume: 60 Issue: 8 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8407-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8407-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201508-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:8:id:8407-CJAS