Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: L. Čermák
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Š. Pražáková
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
Author-Name: M. Marounek
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: M. Skřivan
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
Author-Name: E. Skřivanová
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Effect of green alga Planktochlorella nurekis on selected bacteria revealed antibacterial activity in vitro 
Abstract: The green alga Planktochlorella nurekis (Chlorellaceae, Chlorophyta) is considered a producer of antibacterial mixture of long-chain fatty acids, which has possibly similar composition and mode of action as chlorellin produced by another green alga, Chlorella vulgaris. Although the antibacterial properties of C. vulgaris have been reported, the interactions of P. nurekis with bacteria have not been determined yet. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of P. nurekis water suspension on growth of selected gastrointestinal bacteria in vitro so that it could be used as a suitable feed supplement in animal farming. Unknown bacterial populations occurring in the algal suspension were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing assay. Selected strains were cultivated with lyophilized P. nurekis and the antibacterial effect was monitored. The composition of fatty acids and heat sensitivity of antibacterial substances were also examined. Sequencing analysis of 71 bacterial 16S rRNA genes in xenic algal suspension identified common environmental microbiota, one strain belonging to the class Alphaproteobacteria, 17 to Betaproteobacteria, 44 to Gammaproteobacteria (dominated by Pseudomonas putida strains), and nine to Sphingobacteria. The antimicrobial activity of P. nurekis suspension was tested at a concentration range of 0.75-6 mg/ml. The highest inhibitory effect was observed on bifidobacteria. Statistically significant reductions in bacterial counts were also observed for Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica var. Enteritidis, S. enterica var. Infantis, Campylobacter jejuni, and Arcobacter butzleri. The growth of Lactobacillus johnsonii was significantly stimulated. The relative proportions of C14-C22 fatty acids in P. nurekis were found as follows: saturated 54.28%, monounsaturated 30.40%, and polyunsaturated 7.16%. The antibacterial compounds present in P. nurekis suspension exhibited thermostability. The results indicate that P. nurekis can inhibit some pathogenic gastrointestinal bacteria and seems to be a promising essential nutrients source in animal nutrition.
Keywords: chlorellin, fatty acids, gastrointestinal bacteria, interaction, microalgae, thermostability
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 427-435
Volume: 60
Issue: 10
Year: 2015
DOI: 10.17221/8522-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8522-CJAS.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:10:id:8522-CJAS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. Jantrakajorn
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
Author-Name: J. Wongtavatchai
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Title: Egg surface decontamination with bronopol increases larval survival of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Abstract: Intensive tilapia egg incubation techniques create favourable conditions for microbial proliferation which often leads to massive mortalities of fish larvae. The effects of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) eggs exposure to bronopol on decontamination of their bacterial surface and survival of larvae were observed. Immersion treatments of fertilized eggs were applied at 10, 25, 50, 100, and 250 mg/l of bronopol for 10, 20, and 30 min. This treatment substantially reduced the number of bacteria on Nile tilapia eggs. The greatest reduction in bacterial numbers (1.58 × 103 colony forming units/g of egg) was observed at the maximum treatment dosage, i.e. 250 mg/l for 30 min, but this was not significant when compared with treatments of 100-250 mg/l bronopol for 10-30 min. Treatments of 50-250 mg/l bronopol provided better larval survival (89.33-94.67%) than those of < 50 mg/l (P < 0.05). The larval survival obtained from the Nile tilapia eggs disinfected with 10 and 25 mg/l bronopol for 10-30 min was similar to that of negative controls (79.33-80.97%). Additional in vitro test was performed to determine the inhibitory potency of bronopol against bacteria cultured from fertilized Nile tilapia eggs. Twenty-two bacterial isolates (Aeromonas hydrophila (n = 12), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 6), Escherichia coli (n = 2), and Micrococcus spp. (n = 2)) responded to minimum inhibitory concentrations of bronopol ranging from 64 to 128 µg/ml. The study demonstrates that the immersion treatment of Nile tilapia fertilized eggs with 250 mg/l for 10-30 min, the concentration proven effective against bacteria cultured from fertilized eggs, significantly reduced bacterial load and improved larval survival.
Keywords: bacteria, desinfectant, egg disinfection, tilapia egg
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 436-442
Volume: 60
Issue: 10
Year: 2015
DOI: 10.17221/8523-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8523-CJAS.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:10:id:8523-CJAS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: B. Hofmanová
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: L. Vostrý
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: I. Majzlík
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: H. Vostrá-Vydrová
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Characterization of greying, melanoma, and vitiligo quantitative inheritance in Old Kladruber horses
Abstract: The paper deals with the greying process, melanoma, and vitiligo depigmentation occurrence in Old Kladruber horses (OKH). The study includes 376 animals of both sexes at the age of 1-25 years. The evaluation was performed repeatedly during 4 consecutive years. The greying status was measured spectrophotometrically on four body parts using L*a*b* colour system. Melanoma and vitiligo were detected visually and by palpation in all the animals and classified using 5 (3) grade scale. The GLM procedure of SAS package was used to examine the influence of the effects of line, age, sex, stud, and year of evaluation. The GLM analysis confirmed a significant impact of age on greying. Parameter L* showed progressive increase until 10 years of age when all horses reached final grey level. Subsequent analyses suggested the influence of sex, i.e. a notably higher level of greying in mares. The incidence of melanoma was confirmed. Melanoma in OKH most frequently occurs on the bottom of the tail or at the anal and perineal area. Probably only benign forms of melanoma have been detected. The global occurrence of melanoma in OKH (ca. 13%) is substantially lower than in Lipizzan and Camargue horses. Overall incidence of melanoma in horses at the age of 15 and older reached 68%. Genetic parameters were estimated for melanoma grade, grey level, and vitiligo. Greying is strictly influenced by age (h2 = 0.52 ± 0.07). Prevalence of melanoma progresses with age (h2 = 0.07 ± 0.04). Vitiligos of both facial and anal parts are influenced by the effects studied (h2 = 0.20 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.06 for vitiligo A and vitiligo F, respectively).
Keywords: pigmentation, skin neoplasm, heritability, genetic correlations, spectrophotometry
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 443-451
Volume: 60
Issue: 10
Year: 2015
DOI: 10.17221/8524-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8524-CJAS.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:10:id:8524-CJAS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Z.Y. Pan
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
Author-Name: R. Di
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
Author-Name: Q.Q. Tang
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
Author-Name: H.H. Jin
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
Author-Name: M.X. Chu
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
Author-Name: D.W. Huang
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
Author-Name: J.N. He
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
Author-Name: Q.Y. Liu
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
Author-Name: W.P. Hu
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
Author-Name: X.Y. Wang
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
Author-Name: Y.X. Yao
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
Author-Name: L. Liu
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
Author-Name: C.L. Song
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
Title: Tissue-specific mRNA expression profiles of GDF9, BMP15, and BMPR1B genes in prolific and non-prolific goat breeds
Abstract: The tissue-specific mRNA expression profiles of GDF9, BMP15, and BMPR1B genes in goats were investigated. The mRNA expression of the genes was detected in prolific Jining Grey goats and non-prolific Liaoning Cashmere goats by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that GDF9 and BMPR1B were widely expressed in 20 tissues, while BMP15 gene was expressed exclusively in ovary and pituitary. The expression levels of GDF9 and BMPR1B genes were the highest in ovary. The expression level of BMP15 gene in the ovary of Jining Grey goat was 4.96-fold higher than that in Liaoning Cashmere goat (P < 0.05), but there were no differences (P > 0.05) in the expression level of GDF9 and BMPR1B genes. This is the first study to analyze the tissue expression pattern of GDF9, BMP15, and BMPR1B genes in goat, and the BMP15 might be a major gene for the prolificacy of Jining Grey goat.
Keywords: goat, prolificacy, ovary, RT-PCR, gene expression
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 452-458
Volume: 60
Issue: 10
Year: 2015
DOI: 10.17221/8525-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8525-CJAS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: E. Łuszczek-Trojnar
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
Author-Name: E. Drąg-Kozak
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
Author-Name: M. Socha
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
Author-Name: P. Szczerbik
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
Author-Name: W. Popek
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
Title: Influence of long-term exposure to lead on its accumulation and elimination from tissues and on selected reproductive parameters in the Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio B.) in pond environment
Abstract: The bioaccumulation of lead in selected tissues of Prussian carp kept in pond condition during 12 and 24 months of exposure to different doses (8, 13, 24, and 49 mg/kg) of this metal in feed and its elimination from tissues during the following 12-month depuration period was studied. Additionally gonadosomatic index and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, as the effect of exposure to Pb, were examined. The concentration of lead in all the studied tissues, except for the gonads, correlated positively with the metal concentration in the diet, and the maximum level was usually achieved after 3 months of the exposure. The highest levels of lead, i.e. 2.1 ± 0.14 mg/kg, were found in the posterior intestine in the 15th month of the exposure, followed by bones, scales and kidneys, in which the level of lead amounted to 1.8 ± 0.20, 1.22 ± 0.07, and 1.17 ± 0.17 mg/kg, respectively. The negative effect of chronic exposure to lead was manifested by a significantly higher spontaneous LH secretion in groups exposed to 24 and 49 mg/kg of lead and a higher LH secretion level 6 h after the stimulating secretion. After 12 months of exposure and 12 months of depuration, as well as after 24 months of exposure, the effects of lead on LH secretion were not observed. Environmental lead can be a potent endocrine disruptor, which may have an adverse impact on fish reproduction. Prussian carps become resistant to the negative effects of lead with age and their organisms cope by reaching a state of homeostasis.
Keywords: Pb, fish, bioaccumulation, depuration, luteinizing hormone
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 459-472
Volume: 60
Issue: 10
Year: 2015
DOI: 10.17221/8526-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8526-CJAS.html
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