Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: Volume 60, Contents Author Index 2015 Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: I-IX Volume: 60 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8600-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8600-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:12:id:8600-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Karásková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Suchý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Straková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Current use of phytogenic feed additives in animal nutrition: a review Abstract: A rapid development in the potential use of phytogenic feed additives has occurred mainly due to the 2006 EU ban on the use of antimicrobial substances as growth stimulators; however, they are also used as sensory, technological additives or substances positively affecting the quality of animal products. The use of phytogenic additives in form of extracts, predominantly essential oils, has been tested in a number of animal species; however, there is still a lack of scientific findings on the safety and efficacy of their use, or on their effect on the quality of animal products. The aim of this review was to sum up current scientific knowledge on phytogenic additives in animal nutrition. Keywords: phytogenics, essential oils, sensory, technological and zootechnical additives Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 521-530 Volume: 60 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8594-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8594-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201512-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:12:id:8594-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Sheng Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, P.R. China Author-Name: S.M. Yan Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, P.R. China Author-Name: L.Z. Qi Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, P.R. China Author-Name: Y.L. Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Jin Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, P.R. China Author-Name: X.Y. Guo Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, P.R. China Title: Effect of the ratios of acetate and β-hydroxybutyrate on the expression of milk fat- and protein-related genes in bovine mammary epithelial cells Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the different ratios of acetate and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) on cell viability, triacylglycerol (TAG) content, and mRNA expression of the genes related to lipid and protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Primary cells were isolated from the mammary glands of Holstein dairy cows and were passaged twice. Then, the cells were cultured with different ratios of acetate and BHBA (1 : 3, 1 : 2, 1 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 1, 4 : 1, and 1 : 1, Group 1 to Group 7, respectively) for 48 h, and the fetal bovine serum in the culture media was replaced with fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) (1 g/l). The control culture media contained only fatty acid-free BSA without unsaturated fatty acids (0mM). Cell viability was not affected by adding different ratios of acetate and BHBA, but TAG accumulation was significantly influenced by supplementing the culture media with different ratios of acetate and BHBA. The expression levels of genes related to milk fat (FASN, ACACA, CD36, SCD, FABP3, LPL, PPARG, and SPEBF1) and milk protein-related genes (CSN1S1, CSN3, mTOR, 4E-BP1, S6KB1, STAT5, JAK2, and LEPTIN) were significantly affected by the addition of different ratios of acetate and BHBA to the BMECs. Our results suggested that Groups 3 and 4 (1 : 1 and 2 : 1) had a stronger acceleration of milk fat synthesis, and Group 4 (2 : 1) had the strongest effect. The expression of the CSN1S1 and LEPTIN mRNAs was more effectively promoted in Groups 3 and 4 (1 : 1 and 2 : 1), and Group 3 (1 : 1) had the strongest acceleration. Expressions of genes related to milk protein synthesis (mTOR, 4E-BP1, S6KB1, JAK2, and STAT5) were up-regulated using a ratio of acetate and BHBA of 2 : 1. Taken together, the 2 : 1 ratio of acetate and BHBA had the best effect for both the milk fat synthesis and milk protein synthesis genes. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism for regulating milk fat and protein synthesis by different ratios of acetate and BHBA. Keywords: ratio of short chain fatty acids, milk fat precursor, dairy cow, milk fat, milk protein, gene expression Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 531-541 Volume: 60 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8595-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8595-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201512-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:12:id:8595-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Englmaierová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Skřivan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Skřivanová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Bubancová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Čermák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Vlčková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Effects of a low-phosphorus diet and exogenous phytase on performance, egg quality, and bacterial colonisation and digestibility of minerals in the digestive tract of laying hens Abstract: The objective of the experiment was to determine the effects of different levels of phytase (0, 150, 250, and 350 phytase units (FTU)/kg; F) produced by Aspergillus niger in the diets of hens fed decreased contents of non-phytate phosphorus (1.8 and 2.1 g/kg; NPP) on the hen performance, egg quality, digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in the ileum, and representation of bacterial species in the ileum and caecum. The diet with 2.1 g/kg of NPP and 350 FTU/kg significantly decreased egg weight (P < 0.001) and egg mass production (P < 0.001). However, this treatment had the highest values for shell percentage (P = 0.002), shell thickness (P = 0.006), and shell index (P = 0.003). The supplementation with F at 350 FTU/kg to the diet with 1.8 g/kg of NPP increased the shell quality to a level that was comparable with the eggs from the hens fed the diet with only 2.1 g/kg of NPP. With the addition of F (350 FTU/kg) to the mixed feed with 1.8 g/kg of NPP, the digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in the ileum increased by 6.1% and 7.4%, respectively, although the increases were not significant. Additionally, the frequency of Lactobacillus spp. was higher in the ileum and caecum of hens fed the diet enriched with F than in those fed a diet without F addition. The dietary manipulations with NPP and F improved some performance and shell quality characteristics, and the addition of 3-phytase at a level of 350 FTU per kg to the low-P diet increased the digestibility of minerals and changed the microflora of the digestive tract. Keywords: layers, eggshell, microbial 3-phytase, ileum, caecum, Lactobacillus spp Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 542-549 Volume: 60 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8596-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8596-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201512-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:12:id:8596-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Svobodová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Tůmová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Popelářová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Chodová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of light colour on egg production and egg contamination Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the performance of laying hens, quality of air in poultry house, and microbial contamination of eggshell in laying hens kept under blue, green, red, and yellow light colour in enriched cages. The daily photoperiod consisted of 15 h light, light intensity of 10 lx at bird head level. The laying performance characteristics (hen-day egg production, mortality, and egg weight) were not affected by light colour. Similarly, microbial contamination of the air was not significantly different related to the light colour. There were significant interactions in eggshell contamination between the position of the cage floor and light colour in Escherichia coli (P ≤ 0.042) and Enterococcus (P ≤ 0.019). The highest number of Escherichia coli was detected in eggs from hens housed on the middle floor given yellow light (6.06 log colony forming units (cfu)/eggshell) and the lowest values (3.30 log cfu/eggshell) on the upper floor also under yellow light colour. Similar results were observed in Enterococcus, where the highest contamination was on the middle floor under yellow light colour (5.26 log cfu/eggshell), while the lowest contamination (2.45 log cfu/eggshell) was found on the upper floor under blue colour. The results of our study indicate that the light colour has a minor effect on microbial contamination but the significant influence was in the floor position. The highest microbial egg contamination was found on eggs from the middle floor. Keywords: monochromatic lights, production performance, microbial contamination, laying hens Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 550-556 Volume: 60 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8597-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8597-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201512-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:12:id:8597-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C.Z. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China Author-Name: Y.C. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot, P.R. China Author-Name: F. Gao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China Title: Effects of feed intake restriction during late pregnancy on maternal metabolic changes and fetal development in ewes Abstract: This study investigated the effects of feed intake restriction during late pregnancy on maternal metabolic changes and fetal development in ewes. Six ewes out of 35 Mongolian ewes were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment and the remaining 29 animals were allocated to three different groups: Restricted Group 1 (RG1; 0.175 MJME BW-0.75/day, n = 12), Restricted Group 2 (RG2; 0.33 MJME BW-0.75/day, n = 9), and Control Group (CG; ad libitum, 0.67 MJME BW-0.75/day, n = 8). At 140 days (d) of gestation, 6 representative ewes from each group were slaughtered. The results indicated the maternal net body weight loss, the concentrations of glucose (GLU) (120 d), GLU (140 d), total amino acid (TAA) (140 d), total protein (TP) (140 d), albumin (ALB) (140 d), and globulin (GLB) (140 d) were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased, while those of nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) (120 d), NEFA (140 d), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) (120 d), and BHBA (140 d) in maternal plasma were greatly enhanced in RG1 group compared to CG group (P < 0.01). For RG2 group, a significant decrease of the maternal net body weight loss (P < 0.01) and the concentrations of GLU (140 d) (P < 0.01), TAA (140 d) (P < 0.01), ALB (140 d) (P < 0.01), GLB (140 d) (P < 0.05), and a significant increase of NEFA (120 d) (P < 0.05) and NEFA (140 d) (P < 0.01) in maternal plasma were found in relation to CG group. Furthermore, the fetal weight was significantly reduced in RG1 and RG2 groups (P < 0.01), and body length (P < 0.05), thoracic girth (P < 0.05), thoracic depth (P < 0.05), abdomen circumference (P < 0.05), straighted crown-rump length (P < 0.01), and curved crown-rump length (P < 0.01) in RG1 group were also decreased compared to CG group. With the decrease of nutrient level during late pregnancy, the maternal protective buffer system in RG2 group still played a major role, but the system in RG1 group might have been destroyed, which resulted in serious impacts on the fetal growth and development. Keywords: Mongolian ewes, nutrition level, late gestation, physiological metabolism, fetal growth Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 557-563 Volume: 60 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8598-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8598-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201512-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:12:id:8598-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kucinski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ichthyology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: D. Fopp-Bayat Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ichthyology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: D. Zivna Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Liszewski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ichthyology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: V. Svinger Author-Workplace-Name: Fachberatung für Fischerei des Bezirks Oberfranken, Bayreuth, Germany Author-Name: I. Lebeda Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Title: Application of mtDNA markers for European huchen (Hucho hucho Linnaeus, 1758) management in Poland Abstract: Four broodstocks of European huchen (Hucho hucho) from Poland, Germany, Slovakia, and Ukraine were investigated using five selected fragments of mtDNA. The mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis was successfully applied to the Polish and German broodstocks of European huchen for the first time. A very low haplotype (h = 0.097) and nucleotide (π = 0.00013) diversity across 3573 bases of mtDNA fragments (partial regions of NADH-1, NADH-5, ATPase 6, Cytochrome b, and D-loop) evidenced by three closely related mtDNA haplotypes were found. The analysis of pairwise genetic differentiation (Fst) displayed a statistically significant differentiation between German (clade A) and the rest of examined broodstocks (clade B), clustering them into two separate groups. Moreover, the applied mtDNA markers did not reveal any differences among fish from the clade B, suggesting that other markers should be used to display a deeper genetic background of the studied broodstocks. The two clusters of European huchen distinguished under the current study should be considered as distinct management units by managers, who may be tempted to transport brood fish or yearlings across the range of European huchen distribution. It means that stocking material and spawners of European huchen from the upper parts of the Danube River (Clade A) should not be mixed with those from the lower parts (Clade B). Moreover, for any supplementation of broodstocks in order to increase their genetic variability only the fishes within the described management units should be used. Keywords: Salmonidae, broodstocks, conservation, genetic structure, mtDNA Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 564-569 Volume: 60 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8599-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8599-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201512-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:60:y:2015:i:12:id:8599-CJAS