Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Alomar Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Animal Production, Department of Agriculture, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria Author-Name: M. Alzoabi Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Animal Production, Department of Agriculture, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria Author-Name: M. Zarkawi Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Animal Production, Department of Agriculture, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria Title: Kinetics of hydrogen peroxide generated from live and dead ram spermatozoa and the effects of catalase and oxidase substrates addition Abstract: The generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by ram spermatozoa (spz) was measured using a flurometric assay with 10-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine agent as a probe for H2O2 detection. The kinetics of H2O2 production from both live and dead spz at 1 × 106, 3 × 106, and6 × 106 spz/well concentrations were assessed in the tyrode albumin lactate (TAL) medium every 15 min for 120 min. An increase in H2O2 production from both live and dead spz was noted with a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the 1 × 106 and 6 × 106 spz/well concentrations. Although dead sperm generated higher amounts of H2O2 than live ones, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed between the two types of sperm for the three different concentrations. The generation of H2O2 by ram spz was also compared in the presence and absence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and phenylalanine, substrates of the two specific oxidases. The supplementation with these substrates significantly (P < 0.05) increased the amounts of H2O2 generated from both live and dead spz, but for the two substrates, the increase was higher with dead than with live spz especially when phenylalanine was added. Addition of the antioxidant catalase significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the generation of H2O2 by live and dead spz with no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the two types of sperm before or after the antioxidant addition. This study showed the ability of live and dead ram spz to generate H2O2 in TAL medium. This ability was significantly influenced by the addition of NADPH and phenylalanine and also by the supplementation of the antioxidant catalase. Keywords: reactive oxygen species, ram, antioxidant Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 1-7 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8662-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8662-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201601-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:1:id:8662-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Buřič Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Bláhovec Author-Workplace-Name: Trout farm Mlýny, Stachy, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kouřil Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodňany, Czech Republic Title: Feasibility of rearing brook char fingerlings in an intensive recirculating hatchery as a complementary species to rainbow trout Abstract: Aquaculture, as the fastest growing agriculture sector, is currently focused on exploring the development of effective intensive recirculating systems (RAS). The use of intensive RAS requires a stable supply of fingerlings throughout the year. Salmonids are a highly important aquaculture species, with rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss often reared in freshwater RASs. The dominant position of rainbow trout has triggered the investigation of a wider diversification of species, including brook char Salvelinus fontinalis. Brook char has the potential to be reared in facilities similar to those used for rainbow trout, but it is not known if brook char is suitable for hatching in an intensive recirculating hatchery system (RHS) to provide a consistent supply of fingerlings to an associated RAS roughly every three months. The present study evaluated the feasibility of producing brook char fingerlings in an RHS and compared results to those obtained with rainbow trout. A production cycle from eyed egg to fingerling was completed separately for rainbow trout, brook char, and parallel rearing of both species for the comparison of growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and the time to reach individual fingerling weight of 2 g. The results showed slower growth rate of brook char compared to rainbow trout reared under the same conditions and a significantly longer production cycle (~108 days), compared to rainbow trout (~74 days). Results suggest that brook char is not suitable for parallel rearing in facilities with primary rainbow trout production. The main practical problem is disruption of the production cycle which requires fingerling stocking at 3-month intervals. Keywords: aquaculture, RAS, nursery, growth rate, salmonid Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 8-14 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8663-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8663-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201601-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:1:id:8663-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Cecchi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Author-Name: G. Giacalone Author-Workplace-Name: Via Pratellino 26, Firenze, Italy Author-Name: G. Paci Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Title: Inbreeding depression in the Lizard canary breed estimated by pedigree analysis Abstract: The influence of inbreeding depression on phenotypic traits of the Lizard canary from an Italian breeder was evaluated. The following traits were studied: birds' life span, number of surviving offspring, and morphological traits (type of plumage, spangles, feather quality, breast, cap, ground colour, wings and tail, eyelashes, covert feathers, beak, legs and feet, habits, and size). The effects of inbreeding on genetic diseases and on the health of the breed were also considered. The inbreeding coefficient of each bird was computed by genealogical data. The distribution of inbreeding in the whole population was analyzed and eleven different inbreeding level classes were considered. Birds were also divided into healthy and unhealthy animals (animals with genetic abnormalities such as blindness, splay legs and cataracts, or genetic predispositions, such as feather cysts (lumps), or animals with slow growth and/or a slender structure). Despite the high levels of inbreeding in the population, the results showed that 80.47% of the birds were healthy and no significant differences were observed between healthy and unhealthy animals in terms of the degree of inbreeding. Evidence of inbreeding depression was observed in the number of surviving offspring and the life span, whereas phenotypic characters did not show any evidence of inbreeding depression. Keywords: genetic disease, life span, number of surviving offspring, phenotypical traits Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 15-21 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8664-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8664-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201601-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:1:id:8664-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Okulicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: I. Hertig Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: Acute sulforaphane action exhibits hormonal and metabolic activities in the rat: in vivo and in vitro studies Abstract: So far, only the chronic effect of sulforaphane (SF) on metabolism was examined. This study sheds more light on SF potential ability of regulating lipid, carbohydrate, and hormonal metabolism during its acute action in in vivo and in vitro conditions. In the in vivo trial, rats were given once intragastrically 10 or 20 mg/kg of SF and were decapitated 4 h after the single intragastric treatment. The serum and the liver were collected to assay lipid, carbohydrate, and hormonal parameters. Additionally, we evaluated the acute direct in vitro action of SF (1.5 h) on basal and insulin-stimulated lipogenesis and basal and epinephrine-induced lipolysis in isolated primary rat adipocytes at 1µM, 10µM, and 100µM concentrations. The SF hormonal action was dose-dependent. In the in vivo trial, the higher dose evoked a significant insulin release (P ≤ 0.01) and showed a tendency to limit the secretion of leptin from adipocytes compared with the control animals. Surprisingly, two applied SF doses did not cause any changes in serum glucose level and liver glycogen content. Both SF doses reduced HDL- and increased LDL-cholesterol level (P ≤ 0.05), evoked a drop of liver triacylglycerol content (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the control rats. In the in vitro study, only 100µM SF evoked elevation of basal- and epinephrine-induced lipolysis and inhibition of basal- and insulin-induced lipogenesis in comparison with the control (P ≤ 0.001). SF adipocyte influence was independent of epinephrine and insulin action. Recapitulating, SF exhibited a tendency towards limiting lipid synthesis in adipocytes as well as in the liver, possibly via Nrf2 pathway. The disturbance in the LDL- to HDL-cholesterol ratio and dose-dependent increase in insulin concentration at normal glycaemia were connected probably with the SF capability to generate temporarily ROS in the pancreas and in the vascular endothelial cells in in vivo trials. Keywords: broccoli, hormones, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 22-31 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8665-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8665-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201601-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:1:id:8665-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.P. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, P.R. China Author-Name: W.J. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, P.R. China Author-Name: Z.L. Tan Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, P.R. China Title: Effects of dietary starch types on rumen fermentation and blood profile in goats Abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate how feeding a diet containing a type of purified starch entirely produced from normal or high amylose maize grains would affect rumen fermentation and blood profile in goats. Twenty rumen-cannulated growing goats were assigned equally to one of two dietary treatments according to a randomized controlled trial design and fed two total mixed rations with similar ingredients and chemical composition except for the types of purified maize starch. One type was the high amylose starch (HAS), and the other was the normal amylose starch (NAS). Compared to goats fed the NAS diet, goats fed the HAS diet had significantly higher ruminal pH (P = 0.00), molar proportions of acetate (P = 0.00), butyrate (P = 0.01) and isobutyrate (P = 0.00), acetate to propionate ratio (P = 0.00), plasma concentrations of glucose (P = 0.02) and C-reactive protein (P = 0.03), and plasma levels of insulin (P = 0.03) and gastrin (P = 0.04), but had significantly lower ruminal concentrations of lactate (P = 0.04) and total volatile fatty acids (P = 0.04), propionate molar percentage (P = 0.00), whole blood ammonia concentration (P = 0.02), plasma concentrations of urea nitrogen (P = 0.00) and creatinine (P = 0.02), plasma levels of glucagon (P = 0.02) and motilin (P = 0.04), and plasma activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (P = 0.02) and creatine kinase (P = 0.03). In addition, the HAS diet in comparison to the NAS diet tended to raise whole blood hematocrit (P = 0.08), plasma concentrations of albumin (P = 0.09), branched-chain amino acids (P = 0.09), valine (P = 0.09), phenylalanine (P = 0.08) and proline (P = 0.07), plasma levels of growth hormone (P = 0.06) and interleukin-2 (P = 0.07), and plasma α-amylase (P = 0.05) activity in goats. In conclusion, results showed that feeding goats the HAS diet instead of the NAS diet had multiple beneficial effects. Keywords: high amylose starch, rumen environmental parameter, blood indicator, ruminat Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 32-41 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8666-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8666-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201601-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:1:id:8666-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Meamar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran Author-Name: A.Z. Shahneh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: M.J. Zamiri Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Author-Name: S. Zeinoaldini Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: H. Kohram Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: M.R. Hashemi Author-Workplace-Name: Fars Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Shiraz, Iran Author-Name: S. Asghari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Ghaemshahr Branch, Ghaemshahr, Iran Title: Preservation effects of melatonin on the quality and fertility of native Fars rooster semen during liquid storage Abstract: Liquid or frozen storage of poultry semen negatively affects the sperm motility and has crucial role in reducing fertility. Phospholipids in chicken sperm membrane are composed of high proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids which are susceptible to lipid peroxidation. One of possible ways to improve semen quality is supplementing the ration with antioxidant compounds such as melatonin. In this study, seventy-two roosters were randomly divided into three equal groups. The first group (control; Group C) was exposed to 14 h light and 10 h darkness. The second group (Group M) was exposed to the same lighting period, but in combination with melatonion supplementation (3 mg/kg body weight daily). The third group (Group L) was exposed to 24 h constant light. Semen was collected using abdominal massage and stored for 6 and 12 h at 5°C. Motility, viability, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, fertility, and hatchability were evaluated before and after storage. The results showed that the percentage of viable and motile sperms was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the control samples after 6 h storage but in Group M these parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased after 12 h. The MDA concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in Group M compared with Group C after 6 and 12 h storage. The sperm membrane lipid analysis showed that the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in Group M was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than in Group C. Fertility and hatchability did not change significantly (P < 0.05) both in M and L Groups compared with C Group. Melatonin administration improved semen quality and decreased lipid peroxidation during liquid storage. It also reduced the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the sperm membrane lipid composition but it did not affect fertility and hatchability. Keywords: chicken sperm, antioxidant, lipid peroxidation, membrane integrity Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 42-48 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8667-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8667-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201601-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:1:id:8667-CJAS