Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Geigerová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Vlková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Bunešová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Rada Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Persistence of bifidobacteria in the intestines of calves after administration in freeze-dried form or in fermented milk Abstract: In order to improve the gut microbiome of calves, probiotic bacteria can be fed as active living-cells (fermented milk), or as live but inactive (freeze-dried) cultures. Ten bifidobacterial strains with suitable probiotic properties (as determined in our previous study) were tested for survival during the freeze-drying process, and screened for their ability to ferment cow's milk. The viability of both freeze-dried and live-cell cultures during storage was also tested. All of the strains tested were able to ferment cow's milk, with average counts of 8.26 ± 0.62 log CFU/ml. Eight out of the ten strains were able to survive in milk for 2 months in counts higher than 106 CFU/ml. Bifidobacteria showed high viability following the freeze-drying process, with average numbers of 9.03 ± 0.22 log CFU/vial and did not decrease after 12 months of storage. The mixture of rifampicin-resistant variants of bifidobacteria (RRBs) was fed to 2-day-old dairy Charolais calves in the form of living-cells, or as freeze-dried bacteria. The control group was given no probiotics. Survival of the RRBs administered and the numbers of other bacterial groups in faecal samples was monitored by culturing. Bifidobacteria that were administered passed successfully through the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract, and were found in numbers higher than 109 CFU/g for two weeks. RRBs colonized the intestines of calves for at least 63 days in both treatment groups. Significantly higher total counts of bifidobacteria were found in the treated groups, compared to the control group. Reduction in Escherichia coli and total coliforms numbers, and an increase in lactobacilli counts were observed in both experimental groups following the application of the probiotic mixtures. Our results show that both forms of administering probiotic bifidobacteria to calves are effective, but that the freeze-dried form is more suitable from a practical viewpoint. Keywords: probiotic bacteria, technological properties, storage conditions, gut, young ruminants Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 49-57 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8727-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8727-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201602-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:2:id:8727-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Heger Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Wiltafsky Author-Workplace-Name: Evonik Industries AG, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany Author-Name: J. Zelenka Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Impact of different processing of full-fat soybeans on broiler performance Abstract: The response of broilers to various conditions of expander processing of full-fat soybeans (FFSB) was studied in an experiment involving 5040 birds allocated to 10 dietary treatments with six replicates. In treatments 1-8, the proportions of FFSB in starter, grower, and finisher diets were 40, 39‒43, and 34‒37%, respectively. Diets for treatments 9 and 10 contained commercial soybean meal (SBM) as a main protein source. All diets were isocaloric and were formulated to contain standardized ileally digestible amino acids at levels corresponding to 95% (treatments 1-7 and 10) or 100% (treatments 8 and 9) of requirement. In treatment 1, raw FFSB was used while diets for treatments 2-8 contained FFSB processed by various combinations of times and temperatures used during conditioning and expanding. Urease activity, protein dispersibility index, and trypsin inhibitor activity of FFSB decreased as processing time and/or temperature increased while protein solubility remained relatively unchanged. Concurrently, growth performance of chickens improved (P < 0.05) and their relative pancreas weight decreased (P < 0.05). The best results in terms of feed intake, growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and carcass quality of FFSB-fed birds were obtained using expanding for 15 s at 125°C preceded by short-term (1 min, 100°C) and long-term (5 min, 100°C) conditioning. These results were not significantly different from those achieved with SBM-based diets (P > 0.05). Numerically better performance was found in 100% amino acid diets as compared with 95% diets (P > 0.05). Switching the raw FFSB diet to SBM diet caused relative pancreas weight decrease by 31% during 3 days. An opposite switch resulted in a 65% increase in relative pancreas weight during 4 days. Keywords: soybean treatment, expanding, pancreatic hypertrophy, heat treatment Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 57-66 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8728-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8728-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201602-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:2:id:8728-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.J. Hernández Author-Workplace-Name: Alimentary Production Research Nucleus/School of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources, Temuco Catholic University, Temuco, Chile Author-Name: D. Roman Author-Workplace-Name: Alimentary Production Research Nucleus/School of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources, Temuco Catholic University, Temuco, Chile Title: Phosphorus and nitrogen utilization efficiency in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets with lupin (Lupinus albus) or soybean (Glycine max) meals as partial replacements to fish meal Abstract: The study was conducted to compare two plant ingredients as dietary protein sources for rainbow trout on the basis of feed acceptability, survival, growth, feed conversion, nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency and loading. Two extruded diets were formulated with the inclusion of a soybean meal (DS) and a lupin meal (DL). The control diet was a fish meal (FM) based diet. All diets were isonitrogenous and isolipidic. Triplicate groups of 65 fish (5.10 ± 0.10 g) were assigned to each diet. At the end of the experiment (66 days), all groups of fish fed diets had a similar final growth and feed utilization efficiency (P > 0.05). Nitrogen retention rate was higher for the group fed the control diet and in consequence the calculated loading amount of this nutrient resulted lower when compared with the test diets. However, phosphorus retention was higher in the groups of fish fed the experimental diets (DL 26.58 ± 0.22 and DS 27.67 ± 3.05) when compared to the control diet (22.08 ± 1.12) (P < 0.05). This represents a phosphorus loading of 8.33 ± 0.23, 8.96 ± 1.02, and 11.55 ± 0.67 kg/t production for the diets DL, DS, and control, respectively. Therefore, the results indicate that lupin meal can be used as a possible plant protein source for the formulation of low-phosphorus loading diets for rainbow trout without affecting feed acceptability and growth performance. This legume represents a clear opportunity to supply the high demand for plant protein sources for aquaculture. Further studies are needed to evaluate and compare different lupin species and varieties. Keywords: sustainable aquaculture, alternative ingredients, phosphorus loading, growth performance, phosphorus retention Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 67-74 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8729-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8729-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201602-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:2:id:8729-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Otwinowska-Mindur Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: E. Ptak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: W. Jagusiak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland Title: Genetic relationship between lactation persistency and conformation traits in Polish Holstein-Friesian cow population Abstract: The objective of this study was to find genetic relationships between lactation persistency and conformation traits of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. The data were derived from SYMLEK - the Polish National Database. The analysis used 22 conformation traits and 3 persistency measures of 18 216 first lactation cows. Persistency was defined as milk yield in the second 100 days in milk (DIM) divided by the yield in the first 100 DIM, milk yield in the third 100 DIM divided by the yield in the first 100 DIM, and milk yield at 280 DIM divided by milk yield at 60 DIM. The lactation curve was modelled with fourth-order Legendre polynomials using a multiple-trait prediction method. The multiple-trait REML method was applied for (co)variance component estimation. The linear model for persistency included fixed effects of herd-year-season of calving, age of calving class, and random animal effect; the linear model for type traits included fixed effects of herd-year-season of calving-classifier, age of calving class, lactation stage, and random animal effect. Stature and composite type traits (except type and conformation) were moderately or strongly genetically correlated with each of the three persistency measures. Genetic correlations of lactation persistency with overall feet and leg score and overall udder score were height and positive, whereas the correlations with stature and size were height but negative. All linearly scored traits had little genetic relationship with persistency measures except for rear udder height, udder width, and foot angle. In these three cases the genetic correlations with persistency measures were relatively high, positive, and preferable. The obtained genetic correlations suggest that increased weights of composite traits like size, overall feet and leg score, and overall udder score in the selection index, as well as selection for better rear udder height and foot angle, might cause a favourable correlated response in persistency. Keywords: type traits, lactation persistency, dairy cattle Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 75-81 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8730-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8730-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201602-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:2:id:8730-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: X. Tao Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Z. Xu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Men Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China Title: Transient effects of weaning on the health of newly weaning piglets Abstract: The transient effects of weaning on the health of newly weaning piglets were investigated. In this study, 24 piglets were randomly assigned to weaning and suckling (control) groups. Weaning piglets were sacrificed on days 1, 4, and 7 post-weaning; suckling piglets were slaughtered at the corresponding time points. Blood samples and internal organs were collected for the determination of hematological traits, relative organ weights, and serum biochemical, antioxidant, enzyme, and immune indexes. The results revealed that piglets' growth performance significantly decreased on days 4 and 7 post-weaning. White blood cell and lymphocyte counts changed on days 1 and 4 post-weaning. On day 4, serum glucose levels decreased and urea nitrogen levels increased. Thymus gland weight significantly decreased on day 7, while adrenal gland weight significantly increased on days 4 and 7. Malondialdehyde level increased on day 4 post-weaning and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase activities decreased on days 4 and 7 post-weaning. Serum IgA concentrations decreased from day 1 to day 4 post-weaning. The results showed that the adverse effects of weaning on the serum biochemical indexes gradually weakened on day 4 post-weaning. However, during the first week post-weaning, there were damaging effects on the endocrine, antioxidant, intestinal, and immune systems of piglets. Keywords: hematological traits, serum biochemical indexes, enzyme, immune Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 82-90 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8731-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8731-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201602-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:2:id:8731-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Krupa Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Žáková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Krupová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Kasarda Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Svitáková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Genetic relationship between management units of Czech dam pig breeds based on various types of data and pedigree information Abstract: Knowledge of genetic relationship is an important control mechanism for animal performance-testing schemes. Genetic relationship between and within pig herds was calculated for two dam breeds, Czech Large White (CLW) and Czech Landrace (CLA). The impacts of different field data types (production and reproduction) and various numbers of generations within the pedigrees on genetic relationship were studied. The degree of genetic relationship between analyzed herds was generally low. It ranged from 1.01% (for CLW based on reproduction data and considering three generations of ancestors within the pedigree) to 2.57% (for CLA based on production data with seven generations of ancestors in the pedigree). In contrast, relationship within herds was high and ranged from 16.62% to 44.69% (when three and seven generations within the pedigree were taken into account, respectively), both for production data of the CLA breed. When considering the type of data, an impact on the observed genetic relationship between and within herds was found. Slightly higher genetic relationship between herds was determined in both breeds when using production data (1.64%) compared to reproduction data (1.40%). In contrast, a negligible influence between herds on genetic relationship was found from the number of ancestors' generations included into the calculations. That was especially so after five or six generations. Our results show that the relationship between herds is population specific and, consequently, must be analyzed on a case-by-case basis. Knowledge of genetic relationship between and within herds should be taken into account in regard to the complexity of genetic evaluation. Keywords: production data, reproduction data, number of generations Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 91-97 Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8732-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8732-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201602-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:2:id:8732-CJAS