Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Chodová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Tůmová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Volek Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science Prague-Uhříněves, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Skřivanová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science Prague-Uhříněves, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Vlčková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The effect of one-week intensive feed restriction and age on the carcass composition and meat quality of growing rabbits Abstract: The effect of one-week intensive feed restriction on the carcass characteristics, meat tenderness, cooking loss, and muscle fibre characteristics of growing rabbits was evaluated. Weaned rabbits (35 days) were divided into three groups: rabbits fed ad libitum (ADL), rabbits fed 50 g (R50), and rabbits fed 65 g (R65) of feed per animal per day in days 42-49 of age. Dressing out percentage was lower (-1.3% and -2.3% for R50 and R65, respectively) in restricted rabbits (P ≤ 0.001) but increased with age (P ≤ 0.001). Cooking loss significantly increased in restricted rabbits. A significant interaction between feeding regime and age was observed in the number of type αR muscle fibres, the highest number (P ≤ 0.05) was observed in the ADL rabbits (114.5) at 49 days, and the lowest was found in the R50 group at 70 days of age (25.0). Feed restriction increased the percentage of αW glycolytic fibres (P ≤ 0.01). A significant negative correlation was found between cooking loss and the cross sectional area of αW fibres (-0.486) and αR (-0.325). It could be concluded that one-week intensive feed restriction did not have a negative effect on meat tenderness and cooking loss, despite the fact that it affected muscle fibre type distribution. Keywords: dressing out percentage, limited feed intake, meat tenderness, muscle fibre characteristics, rabbit Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 151-158 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8846-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8846-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201604-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:4:id:8846-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Louati Author-Workplace-Name: Research Unit of Integrative Biology and Evolutionary and Functional Ecology of Aquatic Environments, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, El Manar, Tunisia Author-Name: K. Kohlmann Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany Author-Name: O.K. Ben Hassine Author-Workplace-Name: Research Unit of Integrative Biology and Evolutionary and Functional Ecology of Aquatic Environments, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, El Manar, Tunisia Author-Name: P. Kersten Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany Author-Name: N. Poulet Author-Workplace-Name: French National Agency for Water and Aquatic Environment (Onema), Vincennes, France Author-Name: L. Bahri-Sfar Author-Workplace-Name: Research Unit of Integrative Biology and Evolutionary and Functional Ecology of Aquatic Environments, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, El Manar, Tunisia Title: Genetic characterization of introduced Tunisian and French populations of pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) by species-specific microsatellites and mitochondrial haplotypes Abstract: The pike-perch is among the economically most valuable fish species for both commercial and recreational fishermen. This could be seen as the main reason for its introductions into Western Europe (including France) and Tunisia. Knowledge of the genetic structure of the introduced populations is a prerequisite for their successful long-term management. The present study focuses on the genetic characterization of introduced Tunisian and French pike-perch populations using species-specific microsatellite loci and mitochondrial cytochrome b haplotypes in order to better understand their genetic relationships and to try to trace the origin of the Tunisian populations. Lowered levels of genetic diversity have been observed in the two introduced Tunisian populations and a farmed Czech strain compared to a native wild German population. The reduction of microsatellite genetic variability of these three populations was supported by a genetic bottleneck signature. In contrast, the French populations showed high genetic diversity, probably due to multiple introductions and admixture of genetically differing sources. A high genetic differentiation level (significant FST values) between most pike-perch populations and a high average accuracy of self-assignments of individuals to populations of their origin were observed, probably resulting from genetic drift. The average pairwise relatedness values and results of the structure analysis highlighted a closer relationship between Tunisian and French populations than between Tunisian and German ones. Indeed, the two Tunisian populations clustered together with the French populations on a Neighbour-Joining tree based on DA genetic distances. This was also sustained by the distribution of cytochrome b haplotypes A and B in the studied populations. The present results demonstrate that, despite the genetic differences, the studied populations cluster according to their phylogeographic origin. The Tunisian populations seem to be introduced from a French hatchery where the brood stock had the haplotype B of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Keywords: zander, nuclear markers, cytochrome b, stocking, North Africa, Europe Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 159-171 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8847-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8847-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201604-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:4:id:8847-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Santariová Author-Workplace-Name: Canine Behavior Research Center, Department of Animal Science and Ethology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Pinc Author-Workplace-Name: Canine Behavior Research Center, Department of Animal Science and Ethology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Bartoš Author-Workplace-Name: Canine Behavior Research Center, Department of Animal Science and Ethology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Vyplelová Author-Workplace-Name: Canine Behavior Research Center, Department of Animal Science and Ethology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Gerneš Author-Workplace-Name: Police Canine Training Centre, Czech Republic Police Presidium, Plzeň-Bílá Hora, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Sekyrová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Criminalistics, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Resistance of human odours to extremely high temperature as revealed by trained dogs Abstract: Human scent is a complex combination of many chemical substances. Skin is supposed to be one of sources of scent traces. The values of the boiling points of human scent compounds were supposed to be lower than 300°C. The purpose of the study was to determine the temperature at which the human scent is degraded so that a dog would not be able to identify it. In contrast to expectations, eight dogs used in the experiment almost flawlessly identified human scents from five scent donors exposed to temperatures of 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C. Only two of the dogs were able to identify 5 of 15 scent samples exposed to 900°C. No dog identified a scent exposed to 1000°C. Our study verified heat survivability of human scent far beyond existing expectations. There may be an extremely heat resistant, previously undetected, compound of human scent, unsusceptible to heat which exceeds standard temperatures used for sterilization. We anticipate our results to be a starting point for cardinal change of our view of factors affecting the vulnerability of human scent, resulting in the need to alter the approach of forensic methodology dealing with identification of human scent. Keywords: human scent, scent identification, scent heat resistance, vulnerability of human scent, evidence in law of court Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 172-176 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8848-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8848-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201604-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:4:id:8848-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Kang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: L. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: H. Ma Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China Title: Long-term administration of DHEA prevents fat deposition in rats fed a high-fat diet Abstract: The effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on lipid metabolism and lipogenic gene mRNA expression in rats subjected to a high-fat diet were determined. Totally 75 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group 1 fed a normal diet (NCG), and groups 2-5 fed a high-fat diet with 0 (HCG), 25 (HLG), 50 (HMG), 100 (HHG) mg DHEA per kg body weight via gavage once a day for 8 weeks, respectively. DHEA significantly decreased body weight in HMG group as compared with HCG group (P < 0.05). Hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol contents were decreased in HMG and HHG groups (P < 0.05), and hepatic lipase activity in HMG group was higher (P < 0.01) than in HCG group. Fatty acid synthesis (FAS) mRNA level was decreased in HLG and HHG groups (P < 0.01), and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) mRNA level was decreased in HMG and HHG groups when compared with HCG group (P < 0.01). Acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) and liver carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (LCPT-1) mRNA abundance was decreased in HLG and HHG groups (P < 0.01), whereas hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) mRNA level was increased in HMG group as compared with HCG group (P < 0.05). These results indicated that long-term administration of DHEA reduced the synthesis of endogenous triglycerides by inhibiting SREBP-1 and FAS expression, and augmented the lipolysis of exogenous triglycerides through enhancing HSL expression, which eventually led to reduced fat deposition in rats fed a high-fat diet. Keywords: dehydroepiandrosterone, lipid metabolism, lipogenic gene expression Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 177-185 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8849-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8849-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201604-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:4:id:8849-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y.X. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Y.L. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: J.P. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: W.T. Li Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Title: Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on the duodenal mucosal immunity response and redox status of broiler chicks infected with Eimeria aceruvlina Abstract: The present experiment investigated the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the growth performance, oocyst shedding, duodenal mucosal immune response, and redox status of broiler chicks infected with Eimeria acervulina. Totally 144 birds were fed either the basal diet or 1.5% CLA diet for 21 days, and then half of them from each dietary treatment were inoculated with 10 000 Eimeria acervulina sporulated oocysts. Compared with the basal diet, the 1.5% CLA diet partially ameliorated the growth inhibition (P < 0.01) and decreased the oocyst shedding of broiler chicks at ca. 6-9 days post-inoculation (P < 0.01). Additionally the dietary CLA significantly increased the percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the duodenal epithelium (P < 0.05), and showed no obvious effect on the interferon γ expression in duodenal mucosa (P > 0.05). The dietary CLA also notably suppressed the increase of malondialdehyde (P < 0.05) and the decrease of glutathione concentration (P < 0.01) in duodenal mucosa of the infected birds, without changing the activities of total superoxide dismutase and catalase (P > 0.05). These results demonstrate the protective effect of dietary CLA on the broiler chicks infected with Eimeria acervulina, and anticoccidial effects of dietary CLA are most likely related to the increased proportions of CD8+ T lymphocytes in duodenal epithelium and the inhibition on the decrease of duodenal mucosal glutathione after Eimeria acervulina infection. Keywords: CLA, intestinal mucosal immunity, oxidative stress, broiler chick, coccidiosis Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 186-193 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8850-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8850-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201604-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:4:id:8850-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Jin Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China Author-Name: S. Yan Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China Author-Name: B. Shi Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China Author-Name: R. Sheng Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China Author-Name: H. Shi Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China Author-Name: Y. Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China Author-Name: J. Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China Title: Effects of retinoic acid on the synthesis of selenoprotein and the antioxidative indices of bovine mammary epithelial cells in vitro Abstract: The present study was conducted to examine the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on the synthesis of selenoprotein and the antioxidative indices of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) in vitro and to explore the antioxidative mechanisms of RA in the BMEC. The subconfluenced BMEC were divided into six treatments with six replicates per treatment and cultured in a Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium/F12 media (10% fetal bovine serum, 5 µg/ml ovine prolactin, 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor, 1 g/ml hydrocortisone, 0.5% insulin-transferrin-selenium) containing different levels of RA (0 (control), 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 1 or 2 mg/ml) for 24 h. Addition of RA promoted the proliferation of BMEC, increased the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), thioredoxin reductase (TRXR), and the content of selenoprotein P (SELP) in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The optimal RA dose was 1 μg/ml. However, positive effect of RA tended to be suppressed when RA was increased to 2 μg/ml. The expressions of mRNA and protein of GPX in BMEC were up-regulated by RA in a quadratic dose-response relationship (P < 0.01), and the addition of 1 μg/ml RA showed the best effect. The mRNA expressions of TRXR1 and SELP as well as the protein expression of TRXR1 were higher at 1-2 μg/ml RA. These results suggested that RA promoted antioxidant function of BMEC by regulating the synthesis of selenoprotein including GPX, TRXR, and SELP in vitro. Keywords: vitamin A, antioxidant function, dairy cows Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 194-202 Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/8851-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8851-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201604-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:4:id:8851-CJAS