Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Žalmanová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hošková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Nevoral Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic Author-Name: Š. Prokešová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Zámostná Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Kott Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Petr Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic Title: Bisphenol S instead of bisphenol A: a story of reproductive disruption by regretable substitution - a review Abstract: A range of substances that are released into the environment, foodstuffs and drinking water as a result of human activity were originally considered relatively harmless, and it was only later that their adverse effects were discovered. In general the use of such substances is currently restricted, and they are often replaced by other substances. This applies also in the case of a range of endocrine disruptors. These substances have the capacity to disturb the balance of physiological functions of the organism on the level of hormonal regulation, and their pleiotropic spectrum of effects is very difficult to predict. Endocrine disruptors include the currently intensively studied bisphenol A (BPA), a prevalent environmental pollutant and contaminant of both water and foodstuffs. BPA has a significantly negative impact on human health, particularly on the regulation mechanisms of reproduction, and influences fertility. The ever increasingly stringent restriction of the industrial production of BPA is leading to its replacement with analogues, primarily with bisphenol S (BPS), which is not subject to these restrictions and whose impacts on the regulation of reproduction have not yet been exhaustively studied. However, the limited number of studies at disposal indicates that BPS may be at least as harmful as BPA. There is therefore a potential danger that the replacement of BPA with BPS will become one of the cases of regrettable substitution, in which the newly used substances manifest similar or even worse negative effects than the substances which they have replaced. The objective of this review is to draw attention to ill-advised replacements of endocrine disruptors with substances whose effects are not yet tested, and which may represent the same risks for the environment, for the reproduction of males and females, and for human health as have been demonstrated in the case of the originally used substances. Keywords: human health, environment, endocrine disruptor, reproduction, oocyte, sperm Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 433-449 Volume: 61 Issue: 10 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/81/2015-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/81/2015-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201610-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:10:id:81-2015-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Ognik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: E. Cholewińska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: A. Czech Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: K. Kozłowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: Ł. Wlazło Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Hygiene and Environment, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: B. Nowakowicz-Dębek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Hygiene and Environment, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: R. Szlązak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Metrology and Modelling of Agrophysical Processes, Bohdan Dobrzański Institute of Agrophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: K. Tutaj Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland Author-Workplace-Name: Chair of Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland Title: Effect of silver nanoparticles on the immune, redox, and lipid status of chicken blood Abstract: The aim of the study was to analyze how per os application of hydrocolloids of silver nanoparticles (22 nm) and lipid-coated silver nanoparticles (5 nm) affect the immune, redox, and lipid status of the blood of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted on 60 chickens. The first group was the control (Group C). The chickens in Group II received a silver nanoparticle hydrocolloid (Ag-nano) at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight (BW) per day. The chickens in Group III received a lipid-coated silver nanoparticle hydrocolloid (AgL-nano) at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW per day. Blood for analysis was collected from 24- and 38-day-old chickens and several blood parameters were determined. The increase in phagocytosis and in the metabolic activity of leukocytes observed following per os administration of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles differing in size and in the presence or absence of a lipid coating may indicate a developing inflammatory state in the organism. The decrease in haemoglobin content and antioxidant enzyme activity and the increase in the content of iron, bilirubin, and lipid peroxidation products are indicative of oxidative stress, although in the case of administration of AgL-nano the oxidation effect appears to be greater. Administration of silver nanoparticles to the chickens, particularly 5 nm lipid-coated nanoparticles, probably led to a disturbance in protein catabolism in the organism, which is evidenced by the decrease in the activity of the liver enzymes AST and ALT and the decreased concentration of the main protein metabolism products (creatinine and urea). Keywords: chickens, nanosilver, immunology, antioxidant Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 450-461 Volume: 61 Issue: 10 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/80/2015-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/80/2015-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201610-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:10:id:80-2015-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Vostrá-Vydrová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Vostrý Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Hofmanová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Krupa Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Veselá Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Schmidová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Genetic diversity within and gene flow between three draught horse breeds using genealogical information Abstract: Three draught horse breeds are maintained in the Czech Republic: the Silesian Noriker (SN), the Noriker (N), and the Czech-Moravian Belgian (CMB). Because the SN and CMB populations are currently closed to outside breeding and are endangered (Genetic Resources), the loss of the genetic variation these horses represent is concerning. Genetic diversity within and between these three breeds and their population structures was analyzed based on pedigree information. Our goal was to identify and quantify factors that affected their genetic variability. The effective population size was analyzed in each breed. The numbers of generations were 22, 32, and 32 for the SN, N, and CMB breeds, respectively, with average equivalent known generations of 9.81, 8.45, and 8.91, respectively. The effective numbers of founders and ancestors contributing to the current genetic pool were, respectively, 69.42 and 22.32 for the SN breed, 98.48 and 42.20 for the N breed, and 43.33 and 23.32 for the CMB breed. The average inbreeding coefficients were 4.6%, 2%, and 4% for the SN, N, and CMB breeds, respectively, and the average inbreeding rate was 0.5% for the SN and CMB breeds and 0.2% for the N breed. The corresponding estimates of effective population size were 95, 195, and 101 for the SN, N, and CMB breeds, respectively. These statistics suggest that the genetic variability has decreased, and without changes in breeding strategy the genetic variability might continue to decline. Using genealogical F-statistics, small genetic differences were identified between the analyzed populations (FST = 0.02). Keywords: genetic drift, inbreeding, Silesian Noriker, Noriker, Czech-Moravian Belgian horse Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 462-472 Volume: 61 Issue: 10 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/91/2015-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/91/2015-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201610-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:10:id:91-2015-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Skřivan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Englmaierová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Marounek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Skřivanová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Taubner Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Vít Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Effect of dietary magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, and limestone grain size on productive performance and eggshell quality of hens Abstract: Two experiments conducted on laying hens, aged 50 and 52 weeks, were carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary Mg and its relationship to the Ca : NPP (non-phytate phosphorus) ratio using a various grain-size of limestone. The Ca : NPP ratio in each experiment was 12.8 and 18, respectively. Two Mg levels were evaluated in the first (1.56 and 4.0 g/kg) and the second experiment (1.52 and 4.0 g/kg). A fine-grained limestone (< 0.5 mm; FL) or a coarse-grained limestone (0.8-2 mm; CL) was used in the first experiment. In the second experiment, a mixture of both the aforementioned limestone forms (FCL) was used as the third alternative. The main parameters estimated in this study were egg production and egg shell breaking strength. In the first experiment, CL significantly increased hen-day egg production (P = 0.043) and Mg (in dietary concentration up to 4 g/kg) increased egg weight (P < 0.001). The addition of Mg to the mixed feed, together with CL, decreased yolk percentage (P = 0.008), increased egg shell percentage (P = 0.044), increased egg shell thickness (P = 0.014), and egg shell breaking strength (P = 0.003). Higher dietary Mg, together with a wider Ca : NPP ratio in the second experiment, increased egg production and egg weight (P < 0.001), but it did not influence egg shell breaking strength. CL increased egg shell breaking strength compared to the addition of FL, as well as FCL (P < 0.05), regardless of the Mg levels. Lower level of Mg with FL decreased ash content of shells (P = 0.004). Keywords: magnesium oxide, limestone granularity, mixed feed, Ca : NPP ratio, egg shell strength, layers Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 473-480 Volume: 61 Issue: 10 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/3/2016-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3/2016-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201610-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:10:id:3-2016-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B.I. Cejko Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: B. Sarosiek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: S. Krejszeff Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Lake and River Fisheries, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: S. Judycka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: M. Szczepkowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sturgeon Fish Breeding, Inland Fisheries Institute, Pozezdrze, Poland Author-Name: B. Szczepkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sturgeon Fish Breeding, Inland Fisheries Institute, Pozezdrze, Poland Author-Name: R.K. Kowalski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland Title: Effects of different stripping methods of female and activation medium on fertilization success in northern pike (Esox lucius) Abstract: In this study, the quality of northern pike eggs collected by the traditional method (hand stripping) and the pneumatic method (air stripping) was compared. Additionally, different activation solutions (Billard solution, hatchery water, and Woynarovich solution) were tested for their effects on egg fertilization under artificial conditions. After the eggs were collected, the Pseudo-Gonado-Somatic Index (PGSI) was measured. Although the values of the PGSI in the samples obtained with use of air stripping were lower (13.8 ± 3.9%), they did not differ statistically from those obtained by hand stripping (16.5 ± 5.4%). Hatchery water and Woynarovich solution were found to be the most suitable solutions for sperm activation using the Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) system as compared to the Billard solution. Hand stripping was found to negatively affect the percentage of fertilized eggs and the percentage of hatched larvae in samples fertilized in hatchery water and Woynarovich solution. When the traditional method of egg collection was used, there were no differences in the percentage of fertilization and the percentage of hatched larvae between Billard solution (54.0 ± 21.5% and 44.1 ± 21.9%, respectively), hatchery water (60.0 ± 22.5% and 55.9 ± 22.8%, respectively), and Woynarovich solution (72.0 ± 25.8% and 69.0 ± 23.9%, respectively) treatments. Air stripped eggs showed a higher fertilization rate when hatchery water or Woynarovich solution was applied (86.2 ± 9.3% and 92.4 ± 3.9%, respectively). Also hatching rate was the highest in these samples (83.0 ± 8.4% and 88.3 ± 6.2%). The application of the pneumatic method and Woynarovich solution to northern pike artificial fertilization resulted in higher fertilization and hatching rates as compared to other techniques. Because this was successful in northern pike, the use of air stripping is a promising option for artificial reproduction in other fish species. Keywords: air stripping, fish, eggs, sperm, Woynarovich solution Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 481-486 Volume: 61 Issue: 10 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/19/2016-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/19/2016-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201610-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:10:id:19-2016-CJAS