Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ewa Hanczakowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland Author-Name: Małgorzata Świątkiewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland Author-Name: Małgorzata Natonek-Wiśniewska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Genomics and Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland Author-Name: Krzysztof Okoń Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pathomorphology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland Title: Effect of glutamine and/or probiotic (Enterococcus faecium) feed supplementation on piglet performance, intestines structure, and antibacterial activity Abstract: The effect of glutamine and/or probiotic (Enterococcus feacium) supplements on piglet performance, intestines structure, and microbial status was estimated on 181 piglets (16 litters) of Polish Landrace. The piglets were allocated to 2 groups with 8 litters in each, kept in group pens, and fed a standard feed mixture (negative control, group C) or the same mixture supplemented with 2% of glutamine (Group GT). In each group half the animals received Cylactin® added in the amount of 0.35 × 109 CFU per kg feed. The probiotic consists of dehydrated cells of Enterococcus faecium strain NCIMB 10415. Feed and water were available ad libitum. The piglets were weaned at 28 days of life. At 60 days of life, 6 piglets from each subgroup were slaughtered and their intestines were taken for analysis. Digesta from the digestive tract was removed and the length and weight of particular parts of the intestines were measured. The structure of ileum mucosal epithelium was examined. The acidity of the digesta and the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) content of chyme from the jejunum and caecum were analyzed. Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens counts in these parts of the intestines were also estimated. At the beginning of the experiment, the glutamine significantly improved and the probiotic lowered the piglet body weight gains. Later the probiotic improved but the glutamine lowered weight gains. There was no difference in feed intake or feed utilization. The intestines of the piglets receiving glutamine were lighter and shorter than those of the control ones. The total content of SCFA was significantly higher in the caecum of the piglets fed probiotic than in the control animals. Supplements had no effect on villi height, but both had strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens. There was no synergy in the effect of glutamine and probiotic. Keywords: piglet feeding, microbial probiotic, intestinal microbiota, intestine morphology Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 313-322 Volume: 62 Issue: 8 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/20/2016-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/20/2016-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201708-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:62:y:2017:i:8:id:20-2016-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Věra Skřivanová Author-Name: Michaela Englmaierová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: Markéta Bendová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miloš Skřivan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Effect of the source and level of carotenoids in diets on their retention in eggs Abstract: The lutein and zeaxanthin deposition in egg yolks of hens was evaluated. The effects of various levels of extracts from Mexican marigold flowers in hen diets were compared in Experiments 1 (from 0 to 350 mg/kg) and 2 (from 0 to 950 mg/kg). In Experiment 3, the sources of carotenoids such as lutein (250 mg/kg) and Chlorella (12.5 g/kg) were examined. All three experiments were conducted using brown egg layers housed in enriched cages. The lutein concentrations in yolks were increased (P < 0.05) from 0.141 to 0.232 mg/60 g of egg (Experiment 1) and from 0.096 to 0.283 mg/60 g of egg (Experiment 2). A similar trend was observed for zeaxanthin. In Experiments 1 and 2, the zeaxanthin content increased from 0.096 to 0.150 mg/60 g of egg and from 0.046 to 0.200 mg/60 g of egg, respectively. However, the retention of lutein and zeaxanthin decreased in a dose-dependent manner from 55.8 to 33.0% and 49.1 to 29.3%, respectively, in Experiment 1 and from 81.2 to 23.3% and 57.0 to 21.6%, respectively, in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, both the treated groups had greater lutein and zeaxanthin contents in the yolks. The ratio of lutein in the yolks from hens fed lutein to those from hens fed algae was 2.7 : 1 (1.044 and 0.382 mg/60 g of egg). Overall, 14.0 and 16.4% of lutein and 13.7 and 15.3% of zeaxanthin was retained in the eggs of hens fed lutein and algae, respectively. The concentrations of carotenoids in hen egg yolks depend on dietary intake, and the retention of carotenoids decreases with increasing dose. A higher carotenoid retention in the yolks was found when the hen diets were supplemented with the Mexican marigold extract than when Chlorella or pure lutein were used as supplements. Keywords: hen, lutein, zeaxanthin, yolk, Chlorella, Mexican marigold Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 323-330 Volume: 62 Issue: 8 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/17/2017-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/17/2017-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201708-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:62:y:2017:i:8:id:17-2017-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yongxiang Liu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Guopan Tang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Jianping Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Wantao Li Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Title: Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on lipid peroxidation in breast and thigh muscles of broiler chickens Abstract: The effect of dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on lipid peroxidation in the breast muscles (Pectoralis major and Pectoralis minor) and thigh muscles of broiler chickens was investigated. A total of ninety-six 21-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chickens were assigned to 2 dietary treatments (0 and 1.5% CLA) with 8 replicates per 6 chickens each. The left breast and thigh muscles of broiler chickens were excised on day 42. The broilers receiving the CLA diet exhibited lower malondialdehyde content and reactive oxygen species production (P < 0.01) in the breast and thigh muscles than the broilers receiving the control diet. After the dietary CLA supplementation, the glutathione (GSH) content in the breast and thigh muscles of the broiler chickens fed the CLA diet increased by 21.89 and 21.56%, respectively (P < 0.05) while the γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase（γ-GCS）activity increased by 28.57 and 25.80% (P < 0.05), respectively. Dietary CLA significantly increased the CLA content (P < 0.01) and saturated fatty acid content (P < 0.05), and decreased the monounsaturated fatty acid content (P < 0.01) in the breast and thigh muscles. These results showed that dietary CLA may decrease the lipid peroxidation level in the breast and thigh muscles of broiler chickens perhaps through increasing the γ-GCS activity to induce GSH synthesis and changing the fatty acid composition to increase oxidative stability. Keywords: conjugated linoleic acid, diet effect, chicken meat, redox status, reactive oxygen species Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 331-338 Volume: 62 Issue: 8 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/95/2016-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/95/2016-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201708-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:62:y:2017:i:8:id:95-2016-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josef Vopálenský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Suchý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eva Straková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: František Šimek Author-Workplace-Name: Agrokomplex Šumava, Prachatice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miroslav Macháček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ivan Herzig Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Amino acid levels in muscle tissue of eight meat cattle breeds Abstract: Ten clinically healthy bulls equal in weight were chosen from eight meat cattle breeds maintained in the same geographical conditions using the extensive grazing method. After slaughtering, muscle tissue samples were taken from the musculus longissimus and pars thoracis, and dry matter, nitrogenous substances, fat, and the levels of essential (EAAs) and non-essential (NEAAs) amino acids were determined. Significant differences were found between the monitored genotypes in the contents of dry matter, nitrogenous substances, fat, EAAs, and NEAAs (P ≤ 0.05). The highest concentrations of nitrogenous substances in muscle tissue were detected in the Limousine breed and the lowest in the Aberdeen Angus breed; the highest fat content was found in Aberdeen Angus and the lowest in Galloway. Out of the total sum of EAAs, the highest percentage in the dry matter of muscle tissue in all genotypes was found for Lys (8.8-10.4%), the lowest percentage was found for Met (2.4-2.9%). The value of Thr was approximately 4.6, Val 5.1, Ile 4.8, Leu 8.2, Phe 4.1, His 4.2, and Arg 8.0%. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between the monitored breeds were found in all EAAs, except for Val and Leu. Regarding NEAAs, out of the total protein, the highest percentage was found for Glu (13.9-15.1%). Conversely, the lowest values were detected for Ser (3.8-4.1%) and Tyr (3.8-4.4%). The values of other NEAAs were approximately 9.3 for Asp, 4.0 for Ser, 5.3 for Pro, 5.5 for Gly, and 6.1% for Ala. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found between the monitored genotypes in all NEAAs except for Pro and Ala. In the dry matter of muscle tissue, out of the total protein, the sum of EAAs ranged from 50.6 (Meat Simmental) to 52.0% (Limousine), and NEAAs ranged from 48.0 (Limousine) to 49.4% (Meat Simmental). Apart from its effect on the biological value of meat, representation of individual amino acids is important to enhance its taste or smell. Keywords: meat cattle breeds, musculus longissimus dorsi, dry matter, protein, fat, essential and non-essential amino acids Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 339-346 Volume: 62 Issue: 8 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/96/2016-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/96/2016-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201708-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:62:y:2017:i:8:id:96-2016-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shui Ping Wang Author-Name: Wen Juan Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China Author-Name: Da Sheng Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China Author-Name: Xue Li Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China Author-Name: Dong Mei Luo Author-Workplace-Name: Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China Author-Name: Yi Bing Guo Author-Workplace-Name: Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China Title: Growth, carcass, and physiological traits of growing male China Micro-ducks fed various levels of dietary crude fibre Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of growth performance, organ development, carcass characteristics, and serum biochemical parameters to the diets with different levels of crude fibre (CF) in growing male China Micro-ducks (CMD). A total of 240 nineteen-day-old CMD were blocked on the basis of body weight, and then randomly allocated to four treatments, each with 6 replicate pens of 10 ducklings. The formal feeding experiment lasted for 35 days. The CF levels for four diets were 16.7, 42.6, 77.9, and 101.6 g/kg of dry matter (DM), respectively. The diet with the CF level of 101.6 g/kg of DM resulted in the first-rank growth performance, followed by the diets with the CF level of 42.6 and 77.9 g/kg of DM, and then the diet with the CF level of 16.7 g/kg of DM. The diet with the CF level of 42.6 g/kg of DM led to the optimum slaughter performance, followed by the diets with the CF levels of 16.7 and 77.9 g/kg of DM, and then the diet with the CF level of 101.6 g/kg of DM. With the increase of the CF level in the diets, the serum glucose concentration and the relative weights of proventriculus and gizzard significantly rose (P < 0.05), but the serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and creatinine, the percentages of head, feet, and abdominal fat, and the relative weights of liver, jejunum, and ileum significantly decreased (P < 0.05). For the percentages of pectoral muscle and lean meat and the relative weight of thymus, dietary treatment with the CF level of 16.7 g/kg of DM was significantly lower than the other dietary treatments (P < 0.05). The recommended range of dietary CF level for growing male CMD should therefore be between 42.6 and 77.9 g/kg of DM. Keywords: dietary fibre, production, carcass characteristics, physiological responses Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 347-356 Volume: 62 Issue: 8 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/5/2017-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5/2017-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201708-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:62:y:2017:i:8:id:5-2017-CJAS