Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hana Vostrá-Vydrová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš Vostrý Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Barbora Hofmanová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Nina Moravčíková Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Zdeňka Veselá Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: Irena Vrtková Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Alexandra Novotná Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radovan Kasarda Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Genetic diversity and admixture in three native draught horse breeds assessed using microsatellite markers Abstract: In this study, we aimed to estimate and compare genetic diversity of two native draught horse breeds and check the possible influence of Noriker breed population on these native breeds. Genetic analyses of relationships and admixture were performed in two native endangered draught horse populations (Silesian Noriker and Czech-Moravian Belgian horses) and one open breed (Noriker). Totally 104 alleles from 13 microsatellite loci were detected in 1298 horses. The average number of alleles per locus was the highest in the Czech-Moravian Belgian horse (7.62) and the lowest in the Silesian Noriker (7.31), the differences were non-significant, whereas the observed and expected heterozygosities per breed ranged from 0.680 (Czech-Moravian Belgian) to 0.719 (Noriker) and from 0.678 (Silesian Noriker) to 0.714 (Noriker). The estimates of Wright's FST between each pair of breeds indicated a low level of genetic segregation. At the individual level across the analyzed population, formation of two clusters was observed with respect to historical breed development. Moreover, the membership probability outputs showed that the frequencies of alleles varied across the two main regions represented by the Czech-Moravian Belgian and other analyzed breeds. Our results indicated high genetic variability, low inbreeding, and low genetic differentiation, especially between Silesian Noriker and Noriker, which is caused by the high level of admixture. This high level of admixture was in accordance with geographical location, history, and breeding practices of the analyzed breeds. The Silesian Noriker and Noriker breeds seem to be the most genetically related and the decision to consider them as the same population is thus highly supported. The study provides data and information utilizable in the management of conservation programs planned to reduce inbreeding and to minimize loss of genetic variability. Keywords: population structure, endangered breeds, gene flow, genetic distances Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 85-93 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/51/2017-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/51/2017-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201803-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:63:y:2018:i:3:id:51-2017-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yong Mei Guo Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China Author-Name: Jian Gong Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, P.R. China Author-Name: Ya Guang Zheng Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China Author-Name: Bin Lin Shi Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiao Yu Guo Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China Author-Name: Su Mei Yan Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P.R. China Title: Protection of bovine mammary epithelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative cell damage by selenium Abstract: The uncontrolled release of arachidonic acid (ARA) and its metabolism by lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway can induce and aggravate cellular oxidative stress. Selenium (Se) is an integral part of some antioxidative selenoproteins and may protect cells from oxidative damage by modulating ARA release and metabolism. The present study aimed to investigate the protective response of Se against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). The BMECs were incubated for 24 h in serum-free medium and then divided into four groups randomly. The cells in groups 1 and 2 were subsequently incubated for 30 h in serum-free medium containing 0 (control) and 50 nM Se (Se treatment group). The cells in groups 3 and 4 were incubated for 24 h in serum-free medium containing 0 and 50 nM Se, and then treated with 600 μM H2O2 for 6 h (H2O2 damage group and Se prevention group). The results showed that Se attenuated the H2O2-induced production of reactive oxygen species and the decrease of antioxidative enzymes as glutathione peroxidase (GPX), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), selenoprotein P (SelP), superoxide dismutase, and catalase in BMECs. The preventive effects of Se on the decrease of selenoprotein activity were demonstrated further by the increase of mRNA expression for GPX1, TrxR1, and SelP, and protein expression for GPX1 and TrxR1. Pretreatment of cells with Se inhibited the H2O2-induced increase of mRNA expressions and activities for cytosolic phospholipase A2 and 5-lipoxygenase, ARA release, and 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid production. Se also blocked the H2O2-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase but not that of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. These results suggested that Se may protect BMECs against H2O2-induced oxidative damage by increasing selenoproteins synthesis, inhibiting MAPK pathway, and then decreasing ARA release and its metabolism by LOX pathway. Keywords: selenomethionine, selenoprotein synthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, mitogen-activated protein kinase Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 94-102 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/76/2017-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/76/2017-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201803-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:63:y:2018:i:3:id:76-2017-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angélica de Souza Khatlab Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil Author-Name: Ana Paula Del Vesco Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil Author-Name: Eliane Gasparino Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil Author-Name: Adhemar Rodrigues de Oliveira Neto Author-Workplace-Name: EVONIK of Brazil, São Paulo, Brazil Title: Gender and age effects on the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in broiler's liver Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to assess gender (Experiment 1) and age (Experiment 2) effects on the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. The expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), apolipoprotein A-I (APOA-I), apolipoprotein B (APOB), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), liver kinase B1 (LKB1), and AMP-activated protein kinase α-1 (AMPKα-1) genes was evaluated by qRT-PCR. In Experiment 1, we observed a gender effect on feed intake, as male broilers presented greater feed intake than females. Female broilers presented greater gene expression of FAS, and lower expression of ADIPOQ and AMPKα-1, than males. A gender effect was not observed for the gene expression of APOA-I, APOB, or LKB1. In Experiment 2, there was a significant age effect on feed intake and weight gain. Broilers 42 days of age presented greater feed intake and weight gain than 21-day-old birds. 21-day-old broilers showed greater expression of APOA-I, ADIPOQ, LKB1, and AMPKα-1, and lower APOB gene expression in the liver than 42-day-old broilers. Age had no effect on FAS gene expression. Our results show that the gender and age could act on the expression of genes related to lipid synthesis, such as FAS and APOB, and also on genes related to lipid oxidation, such as ADIPOQ, LKB1, and AMPK. Keywords: apolipoprotein, lipogenesis, lipolysis Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 103-109 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/41/2017-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/41/2017-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201803-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:63:y:2018:i:3:id:41-2017-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sylwia Nisztuk-Pacek Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: Brygida Slaska Author-Name: Grzegorz Zieba Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: Iwona Rozempolska-Rucinska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Title: Two mitochondrial genes are associated with performance traits in farmed raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) Abstract: The relationships between chosen mitochondrial genes polymorphisms and performance traits in raccoon dogs were determined. The study involved 354 farmed raccoon dogs. Blood collected from the animals was the analysed biological material. Mitochondrial DNA genes, i.e. MT-CO1 (mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I), MT-CO2 (mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II), and MT-CYB (mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b) were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction method. The amplicons obtained were sequenced and subjected to bioinformatics analysis. Based on the nucleotide sequences, three haplotypes for the MT-CO1 gene fragment and two haplotypes for the MT-CO2 gene fragment were identified. The sequence of the MT-CYB gene was monomorphic. Based on the haplotypes, five previously undescribed mitochondrial haplogroups were determined. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the values of three of the five investigated performance traits of raccoon dogs and the identified haplotypes and mitochondrial haplogroups, taking into account predictors of direct additive effects, additive maternal effects, and fixed specific maternal environmental effects. The new mitochondrial haplogroups identified in the farmed raccoon dog population may imply constant emergence of adaptive mutations that are conserved in subsequent generations. The results of the association study indicate a statistically significant association between haplotypes and mitochondrial haplogroups of farmed raccoon dogs and their body weight, body size, and colour type, which allows considering MT-CO1 and MT-CO2 genes as candidate genes encoding these traits in raccoon dogs. The results of the molecular analyses can be applied to improve the performance traits in farmed raccoon dogs. Keywords: haplotypes, polymorphism, fur-bearing animals, MT-CO1, MT-CO2, MT-CYB Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 110-118 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/2/2017-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2/2017-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201803-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:63:y:2018:i:3:id:2-2017-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petra Hovorková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Klára Laloučková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physiology of Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eva Skřivanová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physiology of Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Determination of in vitro antibacterial activity of plant oils containing medium-chain fatty acids against Gram-positive pathogenic and gut commensal bacteria Abstract: Increasing antibiotic resistance has led to a ban on antibiotic use in feed additives in the EU. Therefore, new non-antibiotic, pathogen-inhibiting agents are urgently needed. Inhibitory effects of eight plant oils containing medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) were evaluated against Gram-positive pathogenic and beneficial bacteria. The oils tested were palm, red palm, palm kernel (Elaeis guineensis), coconut (Cocos nucifera), babassu (Attalea speciosa), murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru), tucuma (Astrocaryum vulgare), and Cuphea oil (Cuphea ignea); the method used was broth microdilution, and the findings were expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (80%). Both hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed forms of the oils were tested. MCFA hydrolysis was catalyzed by porcine pancreas lipase. The selective effect of the hydrolyzed forms of tested oils was highly evident. While the hydrolyzed oils were active against all tested bacteria (Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus cecorum, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus), at 0.14-4.5 mg/ml, the same oils did not show any effect on commensal bacteria (Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp.). Tucuma and Cuphea seed oils showed the strongest antibacterial activity. Unhydrolyzed forms of all tested oils exerted no antibacterial effect against any test bacteria. This study, thus, forms a basis for the development of selective inhibitors in animal husbandry. Keywords: antimicrobial effect, gastrointestinal tract, pathogens, palm oil, lauric acid, capric acid Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 119-125 Volume: 63 Issue: 3 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/70/2017-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/70/2017-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201803-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:63:y:2018:i:3:id:70-2017-CJAS