Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ningbo Chen Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, P.R. China Author-Name: Qiongqiong Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Jingjing Zhi Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Huayan Guo Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Huihui Gao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Fen Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Jieping Huang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Chuzhao Lei Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, P.R. China Author-Name: Hong Chen Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, P.R. China Author-Name: Yun Ma Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P.R. China Title: Chinese yellow cattle PPARA gene: Analyses of expression, polymorphism and trait association Abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulates key proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation and extracellular lipid metabolism. Given the importance of PPARA in modulating energy metabolism, PPARA may be a suitable candidate gene for assessing economic traits in cattle. In the present study, the genetic diversity of the PPARA gene in Chinese cattle breeds and its effects on growth traits in the Nanyang and Jiaxian breeds were investigated. First, the transcript profiles for PPARA were determined in eight adult cattle tissue types. Next, polymorphisms were identified in the coding and predicted promoter regions of the bovine PPARA gene in 424 animals. Finally, an association study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between PPARA and the development of cattle. Based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, PPARA was mainly expressed in the kidney and liver. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in Chinese domestic cattle, including one novel SNP. Haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium were also investigated. Four SNPs (g.17148558A>T, g.117195348A>G, g.117228160T>C, and g.117233248A>G) showed significant associations with growth traits in NY and JX cattle, including body weight, average daily gain, and hipbone width. These results confirmed the importance of PPARA as a candidate gene for marker-assisted selection for growth traits in cattle. Keywords: molecular markers, sequence variation, cattle growth, PPARΑ , body weight Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 473-482 Volume: 63 Issue: 12 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/99/2017-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/99/2017-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201812-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:63:y:2018:i:12:id:99-2017-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Liwen He Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Hao Wu Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Qingxiang Meng Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhenming Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Growth performance, carcass traits, blood parameters, rumen enzymes, and fattening earnings of cattle fed corn silage/corn stalk silage based finishing diets Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the growth performance, carcass traits, blood parameters, rumen enzymes, and fattening earnings of beef cattle when substituting corn stalk silage with corn silage or corn grain in finishing rations. Forty-five Bohai Black steers were selected and fattened in a three-phase (4 weeks-4 weeks-16 weeks) way with one of three diets based on corn silage (CS), corn stalk silage (SS) without/with equivalent corn grain supplement (SSC), respectively. During the 24-week trial, individual feed intake and body weight were recorded every four weeks. By the end, blood and rumen fluid were sampled, and all the cattle were slaughtered to evaluate carcass performance. There were no significant differences found in the body weight gain, daily feed intake or feed efficiency among different dietary treatments over the whole finishing period except that the cattle fed CS achieved higher weight gain and feed efficiency in Phase 2 than those fed SS or SSC along with a lower feed intake than that of cattle fed SSC. No significant effect was found on the hot carcass weight, chilled carcass weight, dressing percentage, aging loss, loin eye area, and the weights of chuckeye, ribeye, striploin, and tenderloin. The cattle fed CS showed lower blood concentrations of ALT and glucose along with a higher ratio of AST and ALT than those fed SS. The cattle fed SSC also presented a higher activity of avicelase in the rumen fluid and their fattening earnings were approximately $27.50 less than those of the cattle fed CS or SS. These results suggest that substituting corn stalk silage with corn silage or corn grain could not improve animal performance and it is more economical to substitute corn stalk silage with corn silage rather than supplement equivalent corn grain in a high-concentrate finishing ration. Keywords: beef cattle, animal performance, physiological status, forage quality, production benefit Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 483-491 Volume: 63 Issue: 12 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/108/2018-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/108/2018-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201812-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:63:y:2018:i:12:id:108-2018-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Morteza Mahdavi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Author-Workplace-Name: Arak Branch, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Arak, Iran Author-Name: Gholam Reza Dashab Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Author-Name: Mehdi Vafaye Valleh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Author-Name: Mohammad Rokouei Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Bioinformatics, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Author-Name: Mehdi Sargolzaei Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada Author-Workplace-Name: HiggsGene Solutions Inc., Guelph, Canada Title: Genomic evaluation and variance component estimation of additive and dominance effects using single nucleotide polymorphism markers in heterogeneous stock mice Abstract: Exploration of genetic variance has mostly been limited to additive effects estimated using pedigree data and non-additive effects have been ignored. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) marker models in the mixed and orthogonal framework including both additive and non-additive effects for estimating variances and genomic prediction in four diabetes-related traits in heterogeneous stock mice. Models have performed differently in detecting SNPs affecting traits. Dominance variances explained over 14.7 and 3.8% of genetic and phenotype variance in a Genomic prediction and variance component estimation method (GVCBLUP) framework. Reliabilities of additive Genomic best linear unbiased prediction model (GBLUP) in different traits ranged from 44.8 to 66.6%, for GVCBLUPs framework including both additive and dominance effects (MAD), and 46.1 to 69% for the model including additive effect (MA). Dominance GBLUP reliabilities ranged from 6 to 26.4% for MAD and from 22.5 to 50.5% in the model including dominance (MD). MA and MD had higher reliability for additive and dominance GBLUPs compared to MAD. Reliabilities of GBLUPs in MAD and MA for all traits were not significant except for growth slope (P < 0.01). In orthogonal framework models, epistasis variances accounted for a greater proportion (87.3, 89.1, 95.5, and 77.2%) of genetic variation for end weight, growth slope, body mass index, and body length, respectively. Heritability in a broad sense was estimated at 1.12, 1.67, 3.64, and 2.0%, in which non-additive heritability had a significant contribution. Genetic variances explained by dominance using GVCBLUPs were 16.8, 29.4, 14.6, and 14.9% for the traits. Generally, the non-additive models had a lower value of deviance information criterion (DIC) and performed better in estimating the variance component. Comparing the estimated variance by orthogonal framework models confirmed the results previously estimated by GVCBLUPs, with the difference that the estimates were shrinking. Following significant SNPs affecting diabetes-related traits by post-genome-wide studies could reveal unknown aspects and contribute to genetic control of the disease. Keywords: orthogonal, genomic, SNP, model, mouse, genetic effect Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 492-506 Volume: 63 Issue: 12 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/83/2017-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/83/2017-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201812-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:63:y:2018:i:12:id:83-2017-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ewa Skotarczak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: Piotr Ćwiertnia Author-Workplace-Name: Zoological Garden in Poznan, Poznan, Poland Author-Workplace-Name: Plock Zoological Garden, Plock, Poland Author-Name: Tomasz Szwaczkowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: Pedigree structure of American bison (Bison bison) population Abstract: An effective realization of breeding programs in zoos is strongly determined by completeness of animal pedigree information. The knowledge of pedigree structure allows to maintain optimal genetic variability of a given population. The aim of this study was to estimate the parameters describing the pedigree structure of American bison housed in zoos in the context of further management of the population. Finally, 4269 American bison were analysed (1883 males, 2217 females, and 169 with unknown sex). The registered animals were born between years 1874 and 2013. The following pedigree parameters were estimated: number of fully traced generations, number of complete generations equivalent, index of pedigree completeness, individual inbreeding coefficients, increase of inbreeding for each individual, effective population size, and genetic diversity. The maximum number of fully traced generations was 3 (the mean value is 0.693). The mean inbreeding coefficient for the population studied was 3.26%, whereas individual increase in inbreeding ranged from 0 to 25.12%. Although the pedigree parameters (including the inbreeding level) in the American bison obtained in the present study seem to be acceptable (from the perspective of other wild animal populations), they can be over/underestimated due to incomplete pedigree. Keywords: relatedness coefficient, captive breeding, genetic diversity, inbreeding Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 507-517 Volume: 63 Issue: 12 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/120/2017-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/120/2017-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201812-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:63:y:2018:i:12:id:120-2017-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eva Tůmová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Darina Chodová Title: Performance and changes in body composition of broiler chickens depending on feeding regime and sex Abstract: The differences in the performance, carcass parts, and internal organs of broiler chicken females and males fed ad libitum or restricted by 80 and 65% ad libitum were evaluated. Ross 308 males and females (2430 chickens) were fed ad libitum (ADL) or were restricted in days 8-14 of age by 80% ADL (R1) and 65% ADL (R2), respectively. Feed restriction depressed the live weight (P ≤ 0.001) in both sexes. Both sexes compensated for growth, and at the end of the fattening at 35 days, the restricted males (-3% R1 and -6% R2) and females (-3% R1 and -4% R2) were not significantly lighter than the ADL chickens. Feed intake was lower (P ≤ 0.001) in females than in males, and feed restriction and sex did not affect the feed conversion ratio. The growth of internal organs as early-developing tissues (heart, gizzard, liver) was less affected than the growth of late-developing tissues (breast, thigh, abdominal fat). Restricted males and females had more abdominal fat than the ad libitum chickens (P ≤ 0.05). Differences in allometric growth between males and females were in the liver, breast, and thigh. At the end of the experiment, restricted males had a higher weight of breast and thigh, whereas in females, the weights of both parts were similar to those of the ADL group. During the restriction period, the growth of internal organs is given priority compared to muscles, which was confirmed by allometric growth. Males showed a higher compensatory growth, including the growth of breasts and thighs. Keywords: chicken, feed restriction, live weight, organ development, carcass composition Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 518-525 Volume: 63 Issue: 12 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/125/2018-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/125/2018-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201812-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:63:y:2018:i:12:id:125-2018-CJAS