Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klára Laloučková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutritional Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lucie Malá Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutritional Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Paula Slaničková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eva Skřivanová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Nutritional Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: In vitro antimicrobial effect of palm oils rich in medium-chain fatty acids against mastitis-causing Gram-positive bacteria Abstract: Various pathogens causing mastitis in dairy cattle are of serious concern due to their increasing antibacterial resistance and potential transmission to other cows, calves, and the environment, especially through the milking process. Therefore, alternative approaches to antimicrobial usage in the treatment or control of mastitis in dairy cattle are severely needed. The antibacterial effect of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) is known to be significant for various pathogens, but there is only limited information about the activity of MCFAs on mastitis-causing pathogens. Moreover, no evidence about the antimicrobial effects of palm oils rich in MCFAs, such as coconut, palm kernel, and tucuma oil, can be found in the current literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of palm oils rich in MCFAs, after cleavage by an exogenous lipase from Mucor javanicus, on bovine mastitis-causing strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis) by the broth microdilution method. All tested palm oils exerted antibacterial activity against eight tested bacterial strains in the range of 64-8192 µl/ml with Str. agalactiae being the most sensitive and S. aureus being the most resistant species. The results of the present study demonstrate that palm oils rich in MCFAs can serve as an alternative to the predominantly used predip and postdip procedures in bovine mastitis control, but further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the findings for their possible applications. Keywords: antibacterial, bovine, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, vegetable oil Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 325-331 Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/66/2019-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/66/2019-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201908-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:64:y:2019:i:8:id:66-2019-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yujie Gong Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaoting Zou Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Wenrui Xia Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Xueting Wen Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Quality and Standards for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaojun Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua, P.R. China Author-Name: Yingping Xiao Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Quality and Standards for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Hua Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Quality and Standards for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China Title: Comparative metabolomic analysis of caecal digesta between Jinhua pig and Landrace pig Abstract: The metabolic difference in caecal digesta between Jinhua pig and Landrace pig was compared. Twenty weaned piglets at 28 days of age, including ten Landrace pigs (a Western pig breed) and ten Jinhua pigs (a Chinese native pig breed), were randomly selected and allocated into two groups. The pigs were fed the same corn-soybean diet on the same pig farm. At the age of 240 days, all pigs of each group were slaughtered, the digesta in the caecum of the twenty pigs were collected for metabolomic analysis and determination of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The results showed that a total of 56 different metabolites (22 metabolites named and 34 metabolites without identification) were detected in caecal digesta using a gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS)-based metabolomic approach. Forty-six of the 56 metabolites were upregulated significantly (P < 0.05) in Landrace group compared with Jinhua group. The metabolic pathways with different impact value in which different metabolites were mainly involved were tyrosine metabolism, citrate cycle and steroid biosynthesis. In addition, we found that Landrace accumulated more SCFAs in caecal digesta, while the concentrations of acetic acid (P < 0.01) and butyric acid (P < 0.05) in caecal digesta of Jinhua pig were markedly lower than those of Landrace pig. Collectively, our study was the first to compare the metabolic difference in caecal digesta between Jinhua pig and Landrace pig using a metabolomics approach, which might be used as a potential metabolomics mechanism to research different breeds of pigs. Keywords: caecal digesta, Jinhua pig, Landrace pig, metabolic difference, short-chain fatty acids Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 332-342 Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/43/2018-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/43/2018-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201908-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:64:y:2019:i:8:id:43-2018-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dawid Szczepankiewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Marek Skrzypski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Sławomir Sadkowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Maciej Sassek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Tatiana Wojciechowicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Paweł Antoni Kołodziejski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Przemysław Kaczmarek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Maciej Szydłowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Paweł Maćkowiak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Krzysztof Wojciech Nowak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland Title: Expression of NR3C1, INSR and SLC2A4 genes in skeletal muscles and CBG in liver depends on age and breed of pigs Abstract: The genes encoding glucose transporter 4 (SLC2A4, GLUT4), insulin receptor (INSR) and glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) are considered regulators of energy metabolism that may influence fat content in skeletal muscle at different ages and breeds of pigs. In the study we performed analysis of expression of NR3C1, INSR and SLC2A4 genes in two skeletal muscle tissues: semimembranosus and longissimus dorsi muscle in gilts from three breeds of pigs that differed in intramuscular fat content: Duroc (DU), Pulawska (PUL) and Polish Large White (PLW) at 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 days after weaning. We also analyzed the expression of cortisol binding globulin (CBG) in the liver. Expression was analyzed with real time PCR (qPCR) using a relative quantification method. In blood, the concentration of cortisol, insulin and leptin were evaluated with radioimmunoassay. The concentration of metabolites (triglycerides and glucose) related to the changes of lipids content was also measured. We observed a significant relationship between the breed and the age of pigs and the expression of analyzed genes in muscle tissues (P < 0.01 for all analyzed genes) as well as with two hormones (for insulin P = 0.001; for cortisol P < 0.0001). Leptin level and metabolites in serum were not significant in the model (P > 0.05). The expression of analyzed genes (SLC2A4, INSR and NR3C1 in muscles and CBG in liver) strongly correlates with intramuscular fat content in pigs and is associated with age and breed. Keywords: muscle fat, liver, adipogenesis, gene Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 343-351 Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/5/2018-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5/2018-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201908-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:64:y:2019:i:8:id:5-2018-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiu Yuan Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Xinjie Wan Author-Workplace-Name: Gansu Zhenghe Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, P.R. China Title: Multiple-factor associative effects of peanut shell combined with alfalfa and concentrate determined by in vitro gas production method Abstract: The associative effects (AE) between concentrate (C), peanut shell (P) and alfalfa (A) were investigated by means of an automated gas production (GP) system. The C, P and A were incubated alone or as 40 : 60 : 0, 40 : 45 : 15, 40 : 30 : 30, 40 : 15 : 45, 40 : 0 : 60 and 30 : 70 : 0, 30 : 55 : 15, 30 : 40 : 30, 30 : 25 : 45, 30 : 10 : 60, 30 : 0 : 70 mixtures where the C : roughage (R) ratios were 40 : 60 and 30 : 70. Samples (0.2000 ± 0.0010 g) of single feeds or mixtures were incubated for 96 h in individual bottles (100 ml) with 30 ml of buffered rumen fluid. GP parameters were analysed using a single exponential equation. After incubation, the residues were used to determine pH, dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) of the incubation fluid, and their single factor AE indices (SFAEI) and multiple-factors AE indices (MFAEI) were determined. The results showed that group of 30 peanut shell had higher SFAEI of GP48 h, DMD, OMD and total volatile fatty acids (p < 0.05) and MFAEI (p < 0.05) than groups 60, 45 and 0 when C : R was 40 : 60. The group of 10 peanut shell showed higher SFAEI of GP48 h, DMD and OMD (p < 0.05) than groups 70, 55 and 40 and MFAEI (p < 0.01) when C : R was 30 : 70. It is concluded that optimal SFAEI and MFAEI were obtained when the C : P : A ratios were 40 : 30 : 30 and 30 : 10 : 60. Keywords: combination effect, peanut hull, clover hay, concentrate supplement, in vitro gas production technology Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 352-360 Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/94/2019-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/94/2019-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201908-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:64:y:2019:i:8:id:94-2019-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomasz Próchniak Author-Name: Iwona Rozempolska-Rucińska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: Grzegorz Zięba Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland Title: Maternal effect on sports performance traits in horses Abstract: The aim of the study was to estimate the direct additive genetic effect and the additive maternal effect on the level of traits estimated during the Polish Jumping Championships for Young Horses. The investigations involved 541 stallions and 353 mares, which in total started in the Championships 1232 times. Variance and covariance components were estimated using the Gibbs sampling method. Heritability (h2) and repeatability (r2) coefficients as well as maternal effects (m2) were calculated for 7 sports performance traits. There was an additive maternal effect, ranging from 0.11 to 0.39, on the level of traits assessed based on achieved scores. The effect was particularly high in the case of traits the level of which was determined by the animal organism performance and stress resistance. It was also noted that the value of the maternal effect in some traits was similar or higher than the coefficient of heritability, which may indicate a high effect of the mare's specific environment in determining sport predispositions in the offspring. There is a need to analyse the cause of trait variability in other equestrian disciplines. Keywords: sport horses, variance components, genetic parameters Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 361-365 Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/156/2018-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/156/2018-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-201908-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:64:y:2019:i:8:id:156-2018-CJAS