Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kenan Tang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Meimei Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Dasen Liu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Yanfang Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Peng Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Harbin, P.R. China Title: Changes in molecular structure of protein and carbohydrate in soybean products with different processing methods and their effects on nutrient degradation characteristics of the products Abstract: In this study, four types of soybean products with different processing methods (soybean meal 1 and soybean meal 2, extruded soybean meal, fermented soybean meal and extruded soybean) were used to examine the effect of fermentation and extrusion on molecular structures of protein and carbohydrate. Extrusion and fermentation significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the values of related protein spectral intensities (height and area of amide and secondary structure) and the biggest reduction was found in extruded soybean compared to soybean meal 1 and soybean meal 2. Compared with extruded soybean meal, the area ratio of amide I to amide II and the height ratio of α-helix to β sheet in extruded soybean were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and there was no difference in these spectral values between extruded and fermented soybean. Extrusion and fermentation significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the values of carbohydrate spectral intensities, including structural carbohydrate (STCHO) and cellulosic compounds (CELC) and total carbohydrate (CHO), compared to soybean meal 2. The ratio of α-helix to β-sheet was positively related to the DM of soybean degradability in the rumen (P < 0.05, r = 0.590), so was A-CELC to A-STCHO (P < 0.05, r = 0.747). A positive relationship was found between CP degradability in the rumen and the area ratios of amide I and amide II, CELC to CHO, and STCHO to CHO. Spectral intensity of CHO area was negatively associated with neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) degradability in the rumen. The study indicated that extrusion and fermentation could alter the molecular structure of protein and carbohydrate and the degradation characteristics of soybean products in the rumen. Keywords: fermentation, extrusion, infrared spectroscopy, spectral intensities, rumen degradability Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 233-246 Volume: 65 Issue: 7 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/8/2020-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8/2020-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202007-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:65:y:2020:i:7:id:8-2020-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josef Pichler Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Livestock Products, and Nutrition Physiology (TTE), Department for Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria Author-Name: Christiane Schwarz Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Livestock Products, and Nutrition Physiology (TTE), Department for Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria Author-Name: Martin Gierus Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Livestock Products, and Nutrition Physiology (TTE), Department for Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria Author-Name: Karl Schedle Title: Choice feeding in fattening pigs: Effect of diets differing in nutrient density on feeding behaviour and fattening performance Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of feed consumed by pigs when they had the choice to meet their nutrient requirements offering a low (LND) or a high (HND) nutrient dense diet on animal performance and feeding behaviour. In total 120 barrows and gilts were allotted to three dietary treatments (LND, HND and a feed choice group, FC). Diets were calculated to keep a constant ratio of megajoule net energy (MJ NE) to nutrient standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine, SID methionine and cysteine, SID threonine, SID tryptophan, Ca, available P and Na. Pigs of the feed choice treatment that could choose between LND and HND chose an energy content between 13.3 and 13.6 MJ ME or rather 10.1 and 10.4 MJ NE. The ratio between LND and HND changed during the growing period to a higher percentage of HND (26.2% : 73.8% in the starter, 22.0% : 78.0% in the grower and 20.0% : 80.0% in the finisher phase). No differences between barrows and gilts were detected regarding the selected diet. As a result, similar zootechnical performance data were observed for HND and FC, whereas LND led to a declined (P < 0.05) performance. Regarding the feeding behaviour no differences in the parameters meal size and daily feeder visits between LND and HND (P > 0.1) were observed. However, within the FC treatment more and greater meals were consumed (P < 0.05) at the HND feeder compared to the LND feeder. Pigs of modern genetics still have the ability to cover their nutrient requirements choosing between diets differing in nutrient density without impairing performance. Furthermore, the results give no indication for the necessity of different energy levels in diets for sexed pigs. Keywords: dietary fibre, energy demand, nutrient self-supply Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 247-257 Volume: 65 Issue: 7 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/111/2020-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/111/2020-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202007-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:65:y:2020:i:7:id:111-2020-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Loibl Author-Workplace-Name: TUM School of Live Science Weihenstephan, Chair for Animal Nutrition, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Author-Name: Wilhelm Windisch Author-Workplace-Name: TUM School of Live Science Weihenstephan, Chair for Animal Nutrition, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Author-Name: Wolfgang Preißinger Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Animal Nutrition, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Grub, Germany Title: Examination of high-resolution feed intake data of grower finisher pigs confronted with typical short-term disturbances in stable routine Abstract: Modern pig feeding systems allow the collection of highly detailed feeding data for each animal. These data enable the examination of individual feeding behaviours to assess an animal's wellbeing. As such, four different treatments ‒ undisturbed control, starving (no feed for 24 h, restrictive feeding), feed change (changes in feed composition) and social stress (exchanging of animals between the pens and short-term reduction of accessible water) ‒ were designed to simulate typical short-term disturbances in a practical stable routine. Each treatment was conducted over 2 pens with 12 animals each. Zootechnical performance and feed intake behaviour measures were assessed for each animal. Treatments did not affect zootechnical performance. Results showed that short-term disturbances did not influence feed intake behaviours, such as daily feed intake, amount of intake per feeder visit, number of daily feeder visits and daily feeding action with highest feed intake. Animals developed individual feeding patterns that persisted through artificial short-term disturbances. However, data suggested that an individual animal's behavioural pattern was strongly influenced by the group (pen) due to group dynamics among animals. Keywords: fattening pigs, feed intake behaviour, single space feeder, feeder visit Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 258-267 Volume: 65 Issue: 7 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/25/2020-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/25/2020-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202007-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:65:y:2020:i:7:id:25-2020-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eliseu Ferreira Brito Author-Workplace-Name: Postgraduate Department of Animal Science, State University of Southwest Bahia, Spring, Itapetinga, Brazil Author-Name: Mara Lúcia Albuquerque Pereira Author-Name: Herymá Giovane de Oliveira Silva Author-Workplace-Name: Postgraduate Department of Animal Science, State University of Southwest Bahia, Spring, Itapetinga, Brazil Author-Name: Ana Cláudia Maia Soares Author-Workplace-Name: Postgraduate Department of Animal Science, State University of Southwest Bahia, Spring, Itapetinga, Brazil Author-Name: George Soares Correia Author-Workplace-Name: Postgraduate Department of Animal Science, State University of Southwest Bahia, Spring, Itapetinga, Brazil Author-Name: Leandro Borges Sousa Author-Workplace-Name: Postgraduate Department of Animal Science, State University of Southwest Bahia, Spring, Itapetinga, Brazil Author-Name: Larisse Borges Sousa Author-Workplace-Name: Postgraduate Department of Animal Science, State University of Southwest Bahia, Spring, Itapetinga, Brazil Author-Name: Virgínia Patrícia dos Santos Soares Author-Workplace-Name: Postgraduate Department of Animal Science, State University of Southwest Bahia, Spring, Itapetinga, Brazil Author-Name: Vanderlúcia Fonseca de Paula Author-Workplace-Name: Postgraduate Department of Animal Science, State University of Southwest Bahia, Spring, Itapetinga, Brazil Title: Effects of enriched mesquite piperidine alkaloid extract in diets with reduced crude protein concentration on the rumen microbial efficiency and performance in lambs Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of enriched mesquite piperidine alkaloid (MPA) extract at 31 mg/kg of dry matter (DM) in diets with 16% or 13% of crude protein (CP) compared to a diet with 16% CP without additive (control) and diets with monensin (MON) at 31 mg/kg DM and 16% or 13% CP. The intake, ingestive behaviour, apparent digestibility, body weight gain, microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen balance were evaluated. A total of 30 uncastrated crossbred Santa Inês × Bergamasca lambs were used and allocated in a completely randomized design. No effects of additives on dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) intake were observed in diets with 16% and 13% CP compared to the control diet. The total digestible nutrient intake (g/kg BW) for the diet with MPA 13% CP was lower than for the control diet, while the metabolisable energy intake (MJ/kg BW) did not differ between diets. The DM feeding rate (g/min) was reduced for the diet with MON 13% CP compared to the control diet. There was no difference between MON or MPA with CP 16% or 13% and the control diet in the digestibility of DM, OM, NFC, and NDF. MON in the diet with 13% CP reduced the BW gain, which differed from the control diet, while MPA 13% CP did not differ from the control diet. The microbial protein synthesis efficiency was higher for diets with MPA compared to MON 13% CP and the control diet. Dietary nitrogen retention (g/kg metabolic weight) was lower in diets with 13% CP that differed from the diets with 16% CP. The nitrogen retained as a percentage of ingested and digested nitrogen was unchanged with the use of MPA or MON 13% CP due to lower urinary nitrogen excretion. The MPA 13% CP diet does not affect the performance of lambs by increasing the microbial synthesis efficiency in the rumen. Keywords: body weight gain, ionophore, phytogenic additives, Prosopis juliflora, sheep Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 268-280 Volume: 65 Issue: 7 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/54/2020-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/54/2020-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202007-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:65:y:2020:i:7:id:54-2020-CJAS