Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří Bezdíček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Andrea Nesvadbová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Alexander Makarevich Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Animal Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Elena Kubovičová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Animal Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Negative impact of heat stress on reproduction in cows: Animal husbandry and biotechnological viewpoints: A review Abstract: This review summarises current knowledge of the relationship between heat stress (HS) and reproduction in cattle. It focuses on research from the viewpoint of genetics (breed), from the viewpoint of reproduction physiology (in vivo and in vitro) and from the animal husbandry practice. From the viewpoint of animal husbandry, it was evidenced that heat stress influences reproduction before, during and after conception. Most publications suggest the negative impact of heat stress on the reproductive physiology of cows reflected in ovarian and follicular activity, in oocyte and embryo development, as well as in other processes studied under in vivo or in vitro conditions. There are also a number of products that the cell creates in response to heat stress, which is used as indicators of the stress (e.g. heat shock proteins). A number of publications also focus on how to prevent heat stress on the farm (e.g. shade, water shower) or during in vitro procedures, including the supplementation of the culture media with antioxidants like melatonin. Research of heat stress is very important in cattle breeding for preventing and reducing its effects on the farm and also in the context of climate changes and global atmospheric warming. Keywords: dairy cows, physiology, embryo development Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 293-301 Volume: 66 Issue: 8 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/44/2021-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/44/2021-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202108-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:66:y:2021:i:8:id:44-2021-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Worku Alemayehu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Farm Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: Róbert Tóthi Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Farm Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: Szilvia Orosz Author-Workplace-Name: Livestock Performance Testing Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: Hedvig Fébel Author-Workplace-Name: Nutrition Physiology Research Group, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Herceghalom, Hungary Author-Name: László Kacsala Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Farm Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: Balázs Húth Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Farm Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: Richárd Hoffmann Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Farm Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: Tamás Tóth Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Farm Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Kaposvár, Hungary Title: In situ ruminal degradability and fermentation characteristics of novel mixtures of winter cereal and Italian ryegrass plus winter cereal silages Abstract: This study was conducted using three multiparous non-lactating rumen-cannulated Holstein-Friesian dairy cows, with the objective of evaluating the in situ ruminal degradability and fermentation characteristics of novel mixtures of winter cereal and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) plus winter cereal silages (mixture A: triticale, oats, barley and wheat; mixture B: triticale, barley and wheat; mixture C: Italian ryegrass and oats; mixture D: Italian ryegrass, oats, triticale, barley and wheat). The rumen fermentation study was conducted replacing the ensiled mixtures (experimental diets) with vetch-triticale haylage in a total mixed ration (control diet). It was found that the effective protein degradability at 0.08 rumen outflow rates was 80.6% (mixture A), 66.2% (mixture B), 79.7% (mixture C) and 79.3% (mixture D). The effective neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) effective degradability at 0.08 rumen outflow rates was 18.0% and 17.7% (mixture A), 19.7% and 20.5% (mixture B), 19.1% and 17.0% (mixture C), and 15.2% and 14.6% (mixture D), respectively. Different dietary treatments did not change (P > 0.05) the rumen fermentation characteristics as there was no difference (P > 0.05) between control and experimental diets, and the inclusion of 40-55% Italian ryegrass (mixture C and D) did not cause any difference. These results suggest that the mixture of winter cereals and Italian ryegrass plus winter cereal-based silages had good potentially degradable dry matter, effective dry matter and effective protein degradability at 0.01, 0.05 and 0.08 rumen outflow rates without affecting the rumen environment maintaining neutral pH. The ensiled mixtures had a moderate level of potentially degradable NDF and ADF fractions. Keywords: dairy cows, effective degradability, mixture silage, rumen outflow Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 302-314 Volume: 66 Issue: 8 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/12/2021-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/12/2021-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202108-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:66:y:2021:i:8:id:12-2021-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kristína Tvarožková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Jaromír Vašíček Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Lužianky, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Michal Uhrinčať Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Lužianky, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Lucia Mačuhová Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Lužianky, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Lukáš Hleba Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Vladimír Tančin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Lužianky, Slovak Republic Title: The presence of pathogens in milk of ewes in relation to the somatic cell count and subpopulations of leukocytes Abstract: Mastitis is a major health problem of the udder in dairy sheep breeds. For diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, somatic cell count (SCC) is commonly used. The presence of pathogens in the udder causes the increase of leukocytes and thus SCC in milk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of pathogens in the milk of ewes and the possible relationship with SCC. The changes of leukocytes subpopulation in milk samples with high SCC were evaluated as well. The experiment was carried out on a dairy farm with the Lacaune breed. This study was conducted on 45 ewes (98 milk samples) without signs of clinical mastitis. Based on somatic cell count, samples were divided to five SCC groups: SCC1 < 200 000 cells/ml (45 milk samples); 200 000 ≤ SCC2 < 400 000 cells/ml (10 milk samples); 400 000 ≤ SCC3 < 600 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); 600 000 ≤ SCC4 < 1 000 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); SCC5 ≥ 1 000 000 cells/ml (31 milk samples). No pathogens were observed in the majority of milk samples (60.20%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most commonly isolated pathogens from the milk of ewes (86.11%). Staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest incidence from CNS (35.48%). In the SCC5 group, up to 79.31% of bacteriological samples were positive. The percentage of leukocytes significantly increased (P < 0.001) in the samples with higher SCC (≥ 200 × 103 cells/ml) in comparison to the group SCC1. Also, the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) was significantly higher with increasing SCC (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the presented results showed that the high SCC was caused by the presence of the pathogen in milk. Thus SCC < 200 000 cells/ml and leukocyte subpopulation, especially PMNs, could be considered as important tools in udder health programs applied in dairy ewes. Keywords: sheep, mastitis, flow cytometry Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 315-322 Volume: 66 Issue: 8 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/43/2021-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/43/2021-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202108-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:66:y:2021:i:8:id:43-2021-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hyun-Su Hwang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, School of Bioresource and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Jae-Kang Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, School of Bioresource and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Tae-Kyung Eom Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, School of Bioresource and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Dong-Ho Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, School of Bioresource and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Shin-Jae Rhim Title: Effect of toys on behaviour and body weight of weaned pigs after mixing Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a toy on the behaviour and body weight of weaned pigs after mixing. Two groups (192 pigs in total, control: without toy; treatment: with toy placed on the floor) of weaned pigs housed in pens (1.8 m × 1.4 m, 4 pigs/pen) were This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a toy on the behaviour and body weight of weaned pigs after mixing. Two were observed with the aid of video technology for nine consecutive hours in the early (days 1 and 2) and late (days 38 and 39) period after mixing. Bodyweight of pigs at the end of the study (Mann-Whitney U-test, Z = -2.46, P = 0.01) and the average daily gain (Z = -2.75, P < 0.01) were 10% higher in the treatment group than in the control group. The presence of the toy in the pen influenced the pig behaviours. In pens enriched with toys, there was an increase in feeding behaviour and a decrease in agonistic and belly nosing behaviours. Toy supply reduced negative social behaviours and thereby improved the bodyweight of weaned pigs. The results of this study suggest that toys used as environmental enrichment are useful for enhancing pig welfare and effective for farmers. Keywords: average daily gain, environmental enrichment, pig, toy, welfare Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 323-330 Volume: 66 Issue: 8 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/22/2021-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/22/2021-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202108-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:66:y:2021:i:8:id:22-2021-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jindřiška Knowles Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jakub Vysloužil Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Muselík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vlastimil Stejskal Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Kouřil Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Peter Podhorec Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Efficacy of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles as a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue delivery system to stimulate ovulation of peled Coregonus peled Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles as a carrier of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) for induction of ovulation in peled Coregonus peled. Female peled were injected intraperitoneally with 1) saline solution only (control), 2) mammalian GnRHa at 25 µg/kg body weight, 3) GnRHa in 753-type microparticles at 50 µg/kg, or 4) GnRHa in 653-type microparticles at 50 µg/kg. Blood plasma samples were taken on days 0, 4, 8, and 12 post-injection. All hormone treatments induced synchronous ovulation and higher cumulative ovulation compared to controls. Hormone treatments did not affect relative fecundity or the percentage of eyed eggs. Testosterone level decreased toward the onset of ovulation. On day eight of the trial, the testosterone level was significantly lower in hormone-treated groups compared to the control group. The level of 17β-oestradiol showed a decreasing trend post-injection, with the lowest observed level on day eight. Our results demonstrate that ovulation can be induced in the peled by the sustained - release of GnRHa in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles, but the treatment does not improve reproductive performance. Keywords: induction of ovulation, GnRHa, salmonids, sustained drug release, steroid feedback Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 331-338 Volume: 66 Issue: 8 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/57/2021-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/57/2021-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202108-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:66:y:2021:i:8:id:57-2021-CJAS