Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohamed Ketta Author-Name: Eva Tůmová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Roman Stupka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslav Čítek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Darina Chodová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Adverse effects of cadmium on poultry and role of selenium against it: An updated review Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal, discharged into environments naturally or anthropogenically, where industrial and agricultural revolutions have led to serious Cd pollution into the environment. Poultry feed may be contaminated by Cd due to its presence in concentrates and supplements, and also in the machinery and equipment used in feed production and processing. After absorption in the digestive system, Cd largely accumulates in kidneys, liver, bones and other organs and causes irreversible damage to these organs. Higher doses of Cd in the poultry diet reduced feed intake, body weight, bone mineral density, egg production and eggshell quality. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient and important component of a variety of antioxidant enzymes, with the ability to antagonize metal toxicity including Cd. Hence, in the current review, we try to summarize recent information about the toxicological effects of Cd and provide updated information about the role of Se as an effective strategy in reducing Cd toxicity in poultry. Keywords: Cd, toxicity, chickens, quails, Se Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 339-348 Volume: 66 Issue: 9 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/86/2021-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/86/2021-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202109-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:66:y:2021:i:9:id:86-2021-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cassiano Albino Lorensetti Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Dois Vizinhos, Brazil Author-Name: Magali Floriano da Silveira Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Dois Vizinhos, Brazil Author-Name: Roberta Farenzena Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Dois Vizinhos, Brazil Author-Name: Eduardo Felipe Colerauz de Oliveira Lazzarotto Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Dois Vizinhos, Brazil Author-Name: Jeferson Menezes Lourenço Author-Workplace-Name: University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA Author-Name: Andressa Alaine Michailoff Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Dois Vizinhos, Brazil Author-Name: Lucas Felipe Francisco Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Dois Vizinhos, Brazil Author-Name: Ana Carolini Barbosa Sordi Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Dois Vizinhos, Brazil Title: Intake and digestibility in cattle grazing temperate grass associated with legume and/or energetic supplementation Abstract: The intercrop between grasses and legumes is an alternative to maintain and increase animal production. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of grass-legume mixtures with or without supplementations on rumen fermentation, nutrient intake, and microbial protein synthesis. Six Holstein steers fitted with ruminal cannula were kept in a double 3 × 3 Latin square design. The treatments were: 1) oat, annual ryegrass, and supplement (GS), 2) oat, annual ryegrass, and vetch (GL), 3) oat, annual ryegrass, vetch, and supplement (GLS). Supplementation of ground maize was given daily at 11 h at 1% of body weight. Total digestible nutrient intake was higher in steers fed GS and GLS. Animals on GL ingested higher concentrations of nitrogen (N) compared to animals on GS and GLS diets. Ruminal pH and ammonia concentration were higher in GL. Grass-legume mixtures and supplements showed higher concentrations of sugar, α-amino acids, and peptides. The ruminal fermentative parameters, ruminal pH, ammonia, and sugars ranged cubically across the day. Microbial protein synthesis was similar amongst the treatments. Animals exclusively consuming temperate grass produce higher ruminal pH and ammonia concentrations. Therefore, using temperate legumes in pasture systems can be included in the cattle diet in lieu of utilizing energy supplements. Keywords: ammonia concentration, Avena strigosa, dry matter intake, nitrogen balance, microbial protein synthesis, Vicia sativa Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 349-358 Volume: 66 Issue: 9 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/38/2021-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/38/2021-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202109-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:66:y:2021:i:9:id:38-2021-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ileana Miclea Author-Name: Marius Zăhan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Title: Combinations of Trolox and ascorbic acid have a beneficial effect on in vitro maturation of pig oocytes Abstract: Abstract: The poor in vitro development of pig oocytes and embryos has been blamed on oxidative stress. We sought to find out if combinations of Trolox (T), a synthetic and cell-permeable derivative of vitamin E, and ascorbic acid (AA) could improve the maturation rates of in vitro cultured pig oocytes. Pig oocytes underwent maturation for 44-45 h in medium M 199 supplemented with 0 μM T + 0 μM AA, 100 μM T + 250 μM AA, 300 μM T + 250 μM AA, 100 μM T + 750 μM AA or 300 μM T + 750 μM AA. These combinations were chosen based on previous research conducted in our laboratory and on the available literature. After maturation, several parameters were assessed: cumulus oophorus expansion, oocyte viability (based on the presence of metabolic activity versus membrane damage), extrusion of the first polar body, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), pronucleus formation, and embryo development after fertilization. All antioxidant combinations significantly improved cumulus expansion and formation of the first polar body. The best was 300 μM T + 250 μM AA for the first characteristic and 300 μM T + 750 μM AA for the second. Antioxidant presence in the maturation media increased the percentages of viable oocytes but not significantly. MMP was not significantly modified by the addition of antioxidant combinations. We also found that a low concentration of T (100 µM) mixed with a high concentration of AA (750 µM) in the oocyte maturation media led to significantly higher rates of both female and male pronuclei formation and also enhanced embryo development to the morula stage. Therefore, we recommend this combination to improve the in vitro maturation media of pig oocytes. Keywords: antioxidant, pig female gametes, developmental potential Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 359-367 Volume: 66 Issue: 9 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/253/2020-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/253/2020-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202109-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:66:y:2021:i:9:id:253-2020-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonas Rodrigo Layter Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Science Post-Graduate Program, State University of Western Parana - Marechal Candido Rondon, Paraná, Brazil Author-Name: Regina Buzim Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Science Post-Graduate Program, State University of Western Parana - Marechal Candido Rondon, Paraná, Brazil Author-Name: Gustavo Fonseca Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Poultry Experimentation, Federal University of Paraná - Palotina, Paraná, Brazil Author-Name: Juliana Schulter Schuroff Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Poultry Experimentation, Federal University of Paraná - Palotina, Paraná, Brazil Author-Name: Lucas Pedro de Souza Glaeser Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Poultry Experimentation, Federal University of Paraná - Palotina, Paraná, Brazil Author-Name: Jovanir Inês Müller Fernandes Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Poultry Experimentation, Federal University of Paraná - Palotina, Paraná, Brazil Title: Association of sodium butyrate and phytase on the performance, bone quality and intestinal development in broilers Abstract: This study assessed the effect of the combination of microencapsulated sodium butyrate (SB) and phytase (PH) on the performance, intestinal integrity, and bone development of broilers. The experiment comprised 736 chicks distributed in a completely randomised design in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme (with and without the inclusion of SB and with the inclusion of PH at the recommended dose and superdosing) totalling four treatments and eight repetitions of 23 birds each. SB was added at 0.750 kg/tonne and PH was included at 750 phytase units (FTU)/kg and 1 500 FTU/kg of diet. The live weight (LW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion (FC) were evaluated weekly. Bone measurements of the tibia and femur, densitometry, length, the Seedor index, and diameter were performed at seven and 28 days. In the same ages, fragments of the jejunum and ileum segments were collected and subjected to a morphometry analysis. At seven days of age, the birds supplemented with the phytase superdosing showed a better FI and LW, and the microencapsulated SB in the diet showed a better LW and FC. In the period from one to 28 days, the treatment supplemented with SB provided a higher FI and LW. The SB supplementation resulted in greater bone measurements at seven and 28 days. The use of the superdosing phytase increased the villus length and width of the jejunum at seven days and at 28 days. There was an increase in the villus length, villus-to-crypt ratio, absorption area, and muscular layer of the jejunum and a decrease in the crypt width of the jejunum. The SB supplementation increased the ileum crypt width at seven days and there was no effect on any intestinal segment at 28 days. The supplementation of SB or PH 1 500 FTU/kg in the broiler diets' growth promoter or antibiotic-free resulted in a better performance and bone measurements, while the association of the additional PH 1 500 FTU/kg and SB supplementation resulted in the greater depth and width of the jejunum crypt and villus : ileum crypt at seven days and greater villus length and ileum absorption area at 28 days. The association of SB and PH may be a strategy to improve the performance and bone quality and intestinal integrity in broilers. Keywords: densitometry, enzymes, gut health, intestinal morphometry, organic acids Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 368-380 Volume: 66 Issue: 9 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/184/2020-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/184/2020-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202109-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:66:y:2021:i:9:id:184-2020-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jitka Kolářová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří Křišťan Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Oleksandr Malinovskyi Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef Velíšek Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: Alžběta Stará Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: Samad Rahimnejad Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomáš Policar Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic Title: Effects of ozonation on water quality and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) performance in a recirculating aquaculture system Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of ozonation on the water quality, and growth, blood biochemistry, antioxidant capacity and survival of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) reared in a recirculation aquaculture system for 30 weeks. A group without ozone treatment was used as a control. The ozone application led to a significant reduction of the water chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand and unsuspended solids concentration. The results revealed that an ozone treatment as a water treatment method has a positive influence on the intensive culture of pikeperch ensuring a higher survival rate (77%) compared to the non-treated control group (67.2%). Moreover, the ozonation prevented fin damage to a large extent and reduced the prevalence of an Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection. Furthermore, the ozone application led to a reduction in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance level and enhanced the superoxide dismutase activity in the fish gills. However, the effect of ozonation was null on the plasma biochemical parameters. Overall, these findings suggest that an ozone treatment, using adequate technological equipment to destroy the residual ozone, improves the water quality and protects pikeperch against any possible infection and fin damage in a recirculation aquaculture system. Keywords: blood biochemistry, oxidative stress, survival, body condition, health condition Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 381-390 Volume: 66 Issue: 9 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/54/2021-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/54/2021-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202109-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:66:y:2021:i:9:id:54-2021-CJAS