Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ersin Kulaz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey Author-Name: Gazel Ser Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey Title: A meta-analysis of heat stress in dairy cattle: The increase in temperature humidity index affects both milk yield and some physiological parameters Abstract: In this study, the relationships of temperature humidity index (THI) with milk yield and some physiological responses in dairy cattle were investigated. Our goal in the meta-analysis was to find the parameter(s) primarily affected under heat stress. A total of 16 studies with the temperature humidity index value higher than 72, which is an important factor in determining the effect of heat stress, were included in the meta-analysis. The variables of interest in the meta-analysis included: milk yield (kg/day), respiratory rate (breaths/min), rectal temperature (°C). In addition to the meta-analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) was also performed. In the meta-analysis, high variation or heterogeneity (I2 > 99%) was determined between the results of the studies. This may depend on many factors (climate, region, number of samples and management etc.). Heterogeneity is desirable in the meta-analysis, because it provides accurate and reliable interpretations of the variances of parameters. Due to high heterogeneity, the results of the studies were combined according to the mixed model. According to the mixed model and PCA results, a linear relationship was determined between the temperature humidity index and these physiological parameters. According to the meta-analysis, at THI > 72, the mean effect size of milk yield was 50%, and the effect sizes of respiratory rate and rectal temperature were approximately 65% and 38%. All three parameters have a significant effect under heat stress (P < 0.000 1). As a result, there is a linear relationship between temperature humidity index, milk yield and physiological parameters. According to the other characteristics, the respiratory rate was determined as the primary response parameter in parallel with the increase in temperature humidity index. Keywords: heat stress, dairy cow, metadata, correlation Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 209-217 Volume: 67 Issue: 6 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/1/2022-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1/2022-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202206-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:67:y:2022:i:6:id:1-2022-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Junjie Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhiyuan Yue Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Yuchen Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhishen Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Yiming Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Libin Huang Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangxi Shanxia Investment Company, Jiangxi, P.R. China Author-Name: Jinmin Tu Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangxi Shanxia Investment Company, Jiangxi, P.R. China Author-Name: Baoming Shi Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Anshan Shan Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Qingquan Ma Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Title: Effects of sweet potato vine silage supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health in finishing pigs Abstract: We investigated the effects of sweet potato vine silage (SPVS) supplementation on the growth performance, apparent digestibility and gut health of finishing pigs. 180 Bali Black pigs (Berkshire × Licha Black, with body weight of 74.54 ± 3.32 kg) were assigned to three groups: basal diet (Ctrl), Ctrl supplemented with 2.5% SPVS (Lspvs) and 5.0% SPVS (Hspvs). Animals were slaughtered after nine weeks of feeding. The results indicated that dietary SPVS supplementation improved average daily food intake and average daily gain. However, SPVS treatment decreased the apparent digestibility. Activities of antioxidant enzymes including total superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the intestines of the Lspvs group were markedly upregulated. Concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased and secretory immunoglobulin A was increased in Lspvs group. A significant increase (P < 0.05) of ileum diamine oxidase in Lspvs group was observed. The ileum villus height/crypt depth in the Hspvs group was significantly reduced. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in the caecum contents of pigs was reduced, and the abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly increased. Specifically, Hspvs treatment markedly reduced the abundances of Proteobacteria. Collectively, these results suggest that dietary supplementation with SPVS is capable of improving growth performance, immune function and intestinal health by promoting the balance of the intestinal microbiota. Keywords: antioxidant activity, digestion, immunity, microbiota, swine Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 218-227 Volume: 67 Issue: 6 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/209/2021-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/209/2021-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202206-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:67:y:2022:i:6:id:209-2021-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yutong Sun Author-Name: Guohong Wang Author-Name: Xinbo Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Yuchen Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Qingquan Ma Title: L-Leucine stimulates proliferation and casein secretion in porcine mammary epithelial cells through mTOR-p70S6K-4EBP1 signalling pathway Abstract: Milk production determines health status and optimal growth of suckling neonates. Recent studies revealed that the secretion of leucine into sow milk from the mammary gland is significantly lower than the amount taken up by the mammary gland from the blood, suggesting the potential and fundamental role in udder metabolism. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism. In this study, porcine mammary epithelial cells (PMECs) were employed to investigate the effects of leucine on protein synthesis and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling. Results showed that leucine supplementation significantly increased the proliferation of PMECs in a dose-dependent manner from 0 to 1 mmol/l. Secretions of four casein subunits were significantly increased by addition of leucine. The phosphorylation of proteins related to mTOR signalling, including mTOR, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein, and p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, were accordingly upregulated by leucine supplementation. Casein secretion was not affected by leucine treatment when mTOR signalling was inhibited by rapamycin. This suggests that leucine stimulates protein synthesis through the mTOR signalling pathway. These findings facilitate the utilization of dietary leucine supplementation to improve milk production in lactating sows. Keywords: leucine, sow, milk protein, mTOR signalling Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 228-236 Volume: 67 Issue: 6 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/121/2021-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/121/2021-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202206-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:67:y:2022:i:6:id:121-2021-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jincheng Shen Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yanru Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Man Bai Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yixing Fan Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Zeying Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Wenlin Bai Title: Novel circRNAs from cashmere goats: Discovery, integrated regulatory network, and their putative roles in the regeneration and growth of secondary hair follicles Abstract: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were identified as noncoding RNAs with covalently closed structures differing from other types of RNA molecules. It was thought that circRNAs were implicated in the development of secondary hair follicles (SHFs) of cashmere goats. In this investigation, a total of 21 novel circRNAs were identified from the skin tissue of cashmere goats. Of them, nine circRNAs were found to be significantly higher in expression at anagen skin tissue than those at telogen of cashmere goats. Based on bioinformatics analysis, a complicated regulatory relationship was revealed among the nine upregulated circRNAs at anagen with related signalling pathways, such as Wnt signalling pathway, TGF-beta signalling pathway, mTOR signalling pathway, MAPK signalling pathway, and axon guidance. Further, the expression pattern analysis of the nine upregulated circRNAs at anagen along with their host genes in SHFs suggested their potential functional roles in the regeneration and growth of anagen SHFs of cashmere goats. Our results provided novel significant information for elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms understanding the regeneration and growth of SHFs in cashmere goats, which will be essential for artificially regulating the growth of cashmere to increase cashmere yield. Keywords: circular RNA, ceRNA, miRNA, skin tissue, signalling pathway Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 237-251 Volume: 67 Issue: 6 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/179/2021-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/179/2021-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202206-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:67:y:2022:i:6:id:179-2021-CJAS