Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jiu Yuan
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
Author-Name: Xinjie Wan
Author-Workplace-Name: Gansu Zhenghe Biotechnology Limited Company, Lanzhou, P.R. China
Title: The associative effects of sunflower straw, sunflower plate, sunflower seed shells associated with concentrate and alfalfa evaluated by using an in vitro gas production technique
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the multiple-factor associative effects (AEs) of concentrate (C) to sunflower straw (SS) to alfalfa (A) ratios, concentrate to sunflower plate (SP) to alfalfa ratios, concentrate to sunflower seed shell (SSS) to alfalfa ratios at 40 : 60 : 0, 40 : 45 : 15, 40 : 30 : 30, 40 : 15 : 45, 40 : 0 : 60 and 30 : 70 : 0, 30 : 55 : 15, 30 : 40 : 30, 30 : 25 : 45, 30 : 10 : 60, 30 : 0 : 70, respectively, by using an in vitro gas production (GP) method. Thirty-three feed combinations and nine single feeds C, SS, A; C, SP, A; C, SSS, A were incubated respectively for 72 h in a GP tube. A total of 42 treatment combinations were tested, including 33 feed mix combinations [(5 + 6) × 3] and nine single raw materials, a total of 42 sample culture tubes. Each sample culture tube was repeated 20 times, totalling 840 (42 × 20) sample culture tubes. In this study, a total of 12 batches of in vitro culture tests were carried out. Seventy sample tubes and six blank tubes were cultured in each batch (eliminating systematic errors). A total of 912 sample culture tubes were used. The GP values of 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 h were recorded. The GP parameters a, b, c, a + b were calculated by a single exponential equation. The AE values were calculated based on 72 h GP and weighted estimation value of 33 feed combinations. In the incubation fluid pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) after 72 h incubation were determined and dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD) were measured in the residue. The single-factor associative effects index (SFAEI) and multiple-factor associative effects index were calculated. The results indicated that groups 40 : 45 : 15 (C:SS:A), 30 : 25 : 45 (C : SS : A), 40 : 60 : 0 (C : SP : A), 40 : 45 : 15 (C : SP : A), 30 : 40 : 30 (C : SP : A), 40 : 45 : 15 (C : SSS : A), 40 : 30 : 30 (C : SSS : A), 30 : 25 : 45 (C : SSS : A) and 30 : 10 : 60 (C : SSS : A) had higher a, b, GP72h, NH3-N, DMD, OMD, moreover, higher SFAEI (the AE of GP72h, NH3-N, total VFA, DMD and OMD) than other groups (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the optimal feed combinations occurred when concentrate/sunflower straw/alfalfa ratios were 40 : 45 : 15 and 30 : 25 : 45; concentrate/sunflower plate/alfalfa ratios were 40 : 60 : 0, 40 : 45 : 15 and 30 : 40 : 30; concentrate/sunflower seed shell/alfalfa ratios were 40 : 45 : 15, 40 : 30 : 30, 30 : 25 : 45 and 30 : 10 : 60.
Keywords: sunflower by-products, combination effects, concentrate, clover, in vitro gas production method
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 253-265
Volume: 67
Issue: 7
Year: 2022
DOI: 10.17221/51/2022-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/51/2022-CJAS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Huayu Huang
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
Author-Name: Chen Zhang
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
Author-Name: Luqiu Feng
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
Author-Name: Naixiu Wang
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
Author-Name: Kai Wang
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
Author-Name: Zhenhui Song
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
Author-Name: Ling Gan
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Chongqing, P.R. China
Title: Effect of carboxymethyl chito-oligosaccharide on cysteine absorption in intestinal porcine epithelial cells
Abstract: Oxidative stress is associated with retarded growth and the initiation and progression of diseases in pigs. The carboxymethylation of chito-oligosaccharide (COS) can improve its antioxidant activity for such issues. Herein, an orthogonal experiment L9 (34) test design was used to optimise the preparation conditions of carboxymethyl (CM)-COS. Fourier-transform infrared analysis evidenced the carboxymethylation of COS, and an in vitro study indicated that the hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of CM-COS is superior to that of COS. CM-COS can also better promote the absorption of cysteine and increase the expression of the amino acid transport system b0,+ in intestinal porcine epithelial cells. The results suggested that CM-COS can effectively resist oxidative damage by promoting cysteine absorption mediated by transport system b0,+, which provides important information regarding the antioxidative damage application of COS and CM-COS in the pig farming industry.
Keywords: carboxymethyl modification, antioxidant activity, amino acid transport system, intestinal health
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 266-274
Volume: 67
Issue: 7
Year: 2022
DOI: 10.17221/138/2021-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/138/2021-CJAS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fang Wei
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
Author-Name: Diliyaer Abulahaiti
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
Author-Name: Cheng Cheng Tian
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
Author-Name: Yan Chen
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
Author-Name: Su Su Jiang
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Vocational College of Agriculture, Lanzhou, P.R. China
Author-Name: Jian Xiong Lu
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
Author-Name: Guo Hua Zhang
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
Title: Effects of dietary Astragalus mongholicus, Astragalus polysaccharides and Lactobacillus on growth performance, immunity and antioxidant status in Qingjiaoma finishing broilers
Abstract: Three hundred 21-day-old male Qingjiaoma broilers were randomly assigned to six groups to investigate the effect of dietary stems and leaves of Astragalus mongholicus (AMSLs), Astragalus polysaccharides (APSs), Lactobacillus (Lac) and their combinations on finishing broilers in a 42-day feeding experiment. Supplementary 1% AMSLs, 1 000 mg/kg APSs and 4.5 × 1010 CFU/kg Lac improved significantly growth performance. Dietary AMSLs, APSs and Lac increased the serum concentrations of immunoglobulins IgA, IgG and complements C3 and C4. Furthermore, AMSLs increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and total antioxidation capacity (T-AOC) and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in both serum and liver tissue. Compared with individual supplementation, the combination of Lac and AMSLs or APSs increased serum IgA, IgG, C3 and C4 concentrations. The combination of AMSLs and Lac increased serum GSH-Px activity and reduced the MDA content in the serum and liver tissue. These results suggested that AMSLs, APSs and Lac are beneficial feed additives, and the applications of combined Lac and AMSLs or APSs could synergistically improve immunity in broilers.
Keywords: medicinal plant, poultry, performance trait, immunity, probiotics
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 275-285
Volume: 67
Issue: 7
Year: 2022
DOI: 10.17221/12/2022-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/12/2022-CJAS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jaroslav Valenta
Author-Name: Darina Chodová
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Eva Tůmová
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Mohamed Ketta
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Carcass characteristics and breast meat quality in fast-, medium- and slow-growing chickens
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to compare carcass characteristics and meat quality of fast- (Ross 308), medium- (Hubbard JA757) and slow-growing (ISA Dual) chickens (n = 1 980). When the chickens reached an average live weight of 2 kg, 40 birds (males to females, 1 : 1) of each genotype were randomly selected and slaughtered for carcass analysis. Pectoralis major (PM) muscle samples were taken to determine the physical and chemical parameters of the meat quality. The fast- and medium-growing genotypes had higher (+3.24% and +3.84%, respectively) dressing out percentages than the slow-growing chickens. As expected, the breast percentage significantly decreased in the order of fast growth > medium growth > slow growth. The abdominal fat percentage was the lowest in Ross 308 chickens, but the abdominal fat percentage in JA757 and ISA Dual chickens did not differ. For edible organs, fast- and medium-growing chickens had heavier hearts and livers than slow-growing chickens. In contrast, ISA Dual chickens showed heavier gizzards. Genotype dramatically affected the chemical composition of PM muscle. The ISA Dual chickens exhibited a significantly higher proportion of dry matter and protein and lower ether extract and cholesterol content than Ross 308 chickens, with intermediate values for JA757 chickens. The ISA Dual group had a lower ash content than Ross 308 and JA757 groups. In terms of physical parameters, the ISA Dual chickens had higher lightness and yellowness and lower redness, pH 24, and cooking loss than those of the other genotypes. Concerning all genotypes, the shear force values increased from fast- to slow-growing chickens. In conclusion, this study found a difference between the genotypes. Although the slow-growing chickens showed the lowest dressing out and breast percentages compared with the other genotypes, the breast meat of the slow-growing chickens had more favourable nutritional properties.
Keywords: poultry, genotype, dual-purpose, carcass yield, physical and chemical meat quality
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 286-294
Volume: 67
Issue: 7
Year: 2022
DOI: 10.17221/91/2022-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/91/2022-CJAS.html
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