Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ayu Septi Anggraeni Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (PR TTP-BRIN), Yogyakarta, Indonesia Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School of Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB University), Jalan Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia Author-Name: Anuraga Jayanegara Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB University), Jalan Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia Author-Name: Erika Budiarti Laconi Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB University), Jalan Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia Author-Name: Nur Rochmah Kumalasari Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB University), Jalan Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia Author-Name: Ahmad Sofyan Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia Title: Marine by-products and insects as a potential chitosan source for ruminant feed additives Abstract: Chitosan is a hydrophilic polysaccharide produced from chitin that has a wide range of applications. Chitosan has several functions as an anti-microbial, methane reducer, and protein protective agent. Based on this function chitosan has been explored for its potential as a feed additive. Moreover, source and extraction technique have potentially affected the yield and degree of deacetylation (DD) of chitosan products. The present review provides information on various chitosan isolation processes in marine by-products and insects and the result of their DD and yield. Chemical isolation processes are still popular in industries compared with biological processes based on their DD and yield. Chitosan properties and yield from insects are comparable with those of commercial chitosan derived from a marine by-product. The application of chitosan as a feed additive is also highlighted in this review. Moreover, chitosan as a feed additive has the capability to decrease CH4 production, increase propionate production, reduce the acetate/propionate ratio, and improve nutrient utilization efficiency, and animal performance. Chitosan has the potential to be a beneficial natural and plentiful feed additive, particularly for reducing enteric methane emissions. Keywords: crustacean by-product, insect, chemistry extraction, biology extraction, methane mitigation, productivity enhancer, antimicrobial activity Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 295-317 Volume: 67 Issue: 8 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/42/2022-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/42/2022-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202208-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:67:y:2022:i:8:id:42-2022-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad Hasanuzzaman Pabitra Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Author-Name: Tanvir Mohammad Maruf Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Author-Name: Sabrina Islam Mony Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Author-Name: Rashik Ebnat Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Author-Name: Md. Rashedul Hoque Author-Workplace-Name: AddBio Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Mohammad Shamsul Alam Bhuiyan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Title: Molecular characterization and A1/A2 genotyping of casein beta gene in zebu and crossbred cattle of Bangladesh Abstract: Casein beta (CSN2) is the most explored gene in cattle due to its potential impact on human health. Here, we investigated the entire coding sequence of CSN2 gene except the last two codons for detection of polymorphisms in different cattle populations of Bangladesh as well as genotyping of A1 and A2 allelic variants using a newly developed allele specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) based the genotyping protocol. Five primer pairs were used to amplify the coding sequences of CSN2 gene. This study included a total of 258 DNA samples from six Bangladeshi zebu populations and one Holstein Friesian (HF) derived crossbred cattle population. Sequence analysis detected five nonsynonymous mutations in the coding sequence of CSN2 gene that defined five allelic variants as A1, A2, B, F and I. In addition, substitution of GTA (Val) by GCA (Ala) at position 197 resulted in an undefined allele in the zebu cattle population of Bangladesh that has not yet been reported elsewhere. Like other Bos indicus cattle populations, A2 allele is predominant in the studied zebu populations. The mean frequencies of A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes were 0.02, 0.16 and 0.82, respectively, in zebu cattle populations while the corresponding allele frequencies were A1 (0.10) and A2 (0.90). In opposite, the aforesaid genotype frequencies were 0.14 (A1A1), 0.50 (A1A2) and 0.36 (A2A2) in the HF crossbred population with allele frequencies of 0.39 (A1) and 0.61 (A2). The adopted AS-PCR method was found cost-effective, rapid and had high specificity for genotyping of A1 and A2 allelic variants. Altogether, this study provides information for the selection of desired zebu and crossbred individuals in order to produce premium quality milk as well as to design a breeding plan in the crossbreeding program. Keywords: allelic variant, coding sequence, AS-PCR genotyping Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 318-326 Volume: 67 Issue: 8 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/206/2021-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/206/2021-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202208-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:67:y:2022:i:8:id:206-2021-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yanli Du Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: Linlin Liu Author-Workplace-Name: School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: Yong Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: Kun Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: Hongmei Shi Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: Yang He Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: Yingxiang Long Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: Dawei Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: Hao Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiannian Zi Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: Xuzheng Li Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: Wei Huang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: Ru Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P.R. China Author-Name: Changrong Ge Author-Workplace-Name: Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P.R. China Title: Ovary transcriptome profiling in high- and low-yielding Chinese Chahua laying chickens Abstract: This study aimed to explore the underlying reasons for the differences in egg production in Chinese Chahua chickens. The Chahua chicken population was divided into two groups, namely a high-yielding group (H) and a low-yielding group (L). The egg-laying performance, ovarian morphology, histological characteristics, and serum hormone concentrations in the H and L groups were analysed. The results revealed that there were significant differences (P < 0.01) between the two groups for the age at the first egg and the number of eggs. The H group showed significantly more (P < 0.01) hierarchical follicles and small yellow follicles than the L group. While several secondary follicles and primary follicles were observed in the ovaries of the H group, only a few secondary follicles were observed in the ovaries of the L group. The serum concentrations of the follicle-stimulating hormone, the luteinising hormone, and oestradiol were significantly higher in the H group compared to that in the L group (P < 0.01). Next, we sequenced and analysed the ovarian expression profiles in the two groups using RNA-seq. The transcriptome sequencing revealed 875 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the H and L groups. Of the 875 DEGs, 624 were up-regulated, and 251 were down-regulated. The DEGs were mapped to 31 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 15 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways for the ovarian tissue. The KEGG pathway analysis mainly revealed the involvement of focal adhesion, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and the TGF-beta signalling pathway, while the GO analysis mainly showed involvement of the hormonal activity, extracellular matrix, and extracellular region. Our results showed that understanding the differences in the gene expressions between the ovarian tissues of high- and low-yielding hens may provide a useful reference for improving the egg-laying performance in Chahua chickens. Keywords: egg-laying performance, histological characteristics, hormones in serum, ovarian follicle, reverse transcription-qPCR Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 327-338 Volume: 67 Issue: 8 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/31/2022-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/31/2022-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202208-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:67:y:2022:i:8:id:31-2022-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manman Shen Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Tao Li Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Jian Lu Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Kehua Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Liang Qu Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Qirui Hou Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Weiguo Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Ping Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, P.R. China Title: Effect of dietary supplementation with mulberry and moringa leaves on the chicken reproductive performance Abstract: The effects of dietary supplementation with moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) and mulberry (Morus nigra L.) leaf powder on the clutch trait, reproductive organs, follicles, steroid hormones, and gene expressions of laying chickens were investigated during a 42-day experiment. Two hundred and ten Chinese local strain hens aged 37 weeks were randomly allocated to three groups, each group included five replicates, with 14 hens per replicate. The hens in the control group were fed with the basal diet, whereas those in the test groups were fed with a basal diet supplemented with 2.5% moringa leaf powder and 2.5% mulberry leaf powder (MOLP2.5+MLP2.5), 5% MOLP and 2.5% MLP (MOLP5+MLP2.5). The clutch traits (clutches, clutch length, delay days) were recorded during the trial. At the end of the experiment, the effect of the dietary supplementation with MOLP and MLP on the reproductive organs and tissues was estimated, and the gene expressions of ESR1, ESR2, CYP19A1 and STAR were analysed. Compared with the control group, the clutch performed worse in the treatment groups, however, the laying rate, reproductive organs and tissues in the MOLP2.5+MLP2.5 group showed no significant difference. Though the oestrogen levels did not significantly increase, they were elevated in the MOLP2.5+MLP2.5 group. Furthermore, it was identified that the expression levels of the ESR1 and CYP19A1 mRNA were significantly upregulated in the MOLP2.5+MLP2.5 group compared with those in the control group. In conclusion, a low addition level of MOLP and MLP can be used in laying hens to improve the steroid hormones synthesis-related gene expression which might improve the reproductive performance over the long term. Keywords: clutch, layer, follicle, phytogenic feed additive, steroid hormone Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 339-347 Volume: 67 Issue: 8 Year: 2022 DOI: 10.17221/166/2021-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/166/2021-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202208-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:67:y:2022:i:8:id:166-2021-CJAS