Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Humaira Sehrish Hashmi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan Author-Name: Noor Khan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan Author-Name: Khalid Javed Iqbal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan Author-Name: Mahroze Fatima Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan Author-Name: Khalid Mahmood Anjum Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Wildlife & Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan Author-Name: Sumaira Abbas Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan Author-Name: Muhammad Awais Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan Author-Name: Sadia Nazir Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan Author-Name: Muhammad Asghar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan Author-Name: Mahanama De Zoysa Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Republic of Korea Title: Studies on the growth, immunomodulation and gut morphometry of Labeo rohita fed pectin Abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of pectin supplemented feeds on the growth, gut morphology and immunology of Labeo rohita. Experimental feeds containing various concentrations of pectin including control (0%), T1 (0.5%), T2 (1.0%), T3 (2.0%), and T4 (4.0%) were administered to L. rohita twice per day at a rate of 3% body weight. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in average final weight, weight gain%, net weight gain and specific growth rate observed in treatment groups in order of control > T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 while feed conversion ratio was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in T4 compared to the other groups T3 > T2 > T1 > control. Immunological parameters of peroxidase, protease and antiprotease (trypsin) showed significant (P < 0.05) results between control and treated groups. Peroxidase activity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in T4 group fish compared to T3 > T2 > T1 > control group. Total protein, protease and antiprotease activity were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the control compared to treatment groups T1 > T2 > T3 > T4. An increased level of the non-starch polysaccharide pectin in feed caused acute effects on gut morphometry. Villus length, villus width, and an increase in mucosal folds were abnormal but no significant (P > 0.05) abnormality was observed in the control group. In the submucosal part of the intestine, hyperplasia was shown in loose connective tissues and in adipose tissue cells in the treated groups. In conclusion, dietary pectin supplementation from 0.5% to 4% had negative effects on the growth, immunological parameters and gut histomorphology of L. rohita. Keywords: rahu, weight gain, serum, plasma protein, peroxidase Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 178-187 Volume: 68 Issue: 4 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/132/2022-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/132/2022-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202304-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:68:y:2023:i:4:id:132-2022-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kanda Lokaewmanee Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture and Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand Author-Name: Samonporn Suttibak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand Author-Name: Rathanit Sukthanapirat Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand Author-Name: Ramin Sriyoha Author-Workplace-Name: Non Sala Organic Waste Management Center, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand Author-Name: Napapat Chanasakhatana Author-Workplace-Name: Department of General Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand Author-Name: Somchai Baotong Author-Workplace-Name: Department of General Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand Author-Name: Unchan Trithalen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture and Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand Title: Laying hen performance, feed economy, egg quality and yolk fatty acid profiles from laying hens fed live black soldier fly larvae Abstract: The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) serves as an alternative source of protein in poultry production. However, there is little available information on feeding live black soldier fly larvae (LBSFL) to hens. The present study filled this gap by testing the effect of dietary LBSFL on laying hen performance, feed economy, egg quality, and yolk fatty acid composition. In total, one hundred forty-four 25-week-old Charoen Pokphand Brown laying hens were assigned to four groups. Experimental birds were provided a basal diet supplemented with 0.0 (T1), 10.0 (T2), 20.0 (T3), or 30.0 (T4) g/kg LBSFL. Our results indicated that no effects on body weight gain, egg yield, egg weight, or egg mass (P > 0.05) were observed in any of the dietary LBSFL groups. The addition of 10.0 g/kg LBSFL decreased feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and feed cost (P < 0.05), contrary to two higher doses of LBSFL. Similarly, the egg quality parameters were not influenced (P > 0.05) by the dietary LBSFL except for the egg yolk colour which significantly decreased with increasing LBSFL levels. Furthermore, the values for lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) of the egg yolk were different (P < 0.05) between the four treatments. Paler egg yolk was found in the 20.0 and 30.0 g/kg LBSFL groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Significantly lower deposition of C18:3n6 was found for 30.0 g/kg, whereas there was a significant decrease in deposition of C22:6n3 with all LBSFL groups (P < 0.05). C20:3n6 levels, on the other hand, increased significantly in the 20.0 g/kg LBSFL group (P < 0.05). Thus, feeding LBSFL has no potential to increase the proportion of anti-inflammatory n-3 fatty acids. From an economic point of view, it is advantageous to feed the hens a dose of 10 g/kg LBSFL. Keywords: C18:3n6 fatty acid, C20:3n6 fatty acid, hens, insect, yolk colour Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 169-177 Volume: 68 Issue: 4 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/174/2022-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/174/2022-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202304-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:68:y:2023:i:4:id:174-2022-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nguyen Hoang Qui Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City, Vietnam Title: Recent advances of using organic acids and essential oils as in-feed antibiotic alternative in poultry feeds Abstract: Antibiotics used in animal feeds have recently been strictly regulated to avoid antibiotic resistance in humans. Thus, scientists are compelled to find new feed additives to replace antibiotics in feed. Apart from having a zero effect on human health, new alternatives may even be able to further improve production performance. Essential oils (EOs) and organic acids (OAs) stood out as powerful and useful replacements for both animal production and human population. These are added to chicken diets and drinking water to induce a favourable growth response. Hence, enhancing the nutrient digestibility, performance, and immunity of birds, OAs and EOs are used in livestock production mainly to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and simultaneously maintain the balance of intestinal bacteria. This improves the digestion of nutrients and mineral absorption which will eventually lead to better feed efficiency. The addition of OAs and EOs also causes the intestinal lining to thin, which further enhances nutrient absorption and utilization. Not only for poultry production, the effect of OAs and EOs can also improve poultry immunity and antioxidant capacity. However, the effects will vary depending on the type of OAs and EOs because their mode of action is dependent on their pKa value. In the present review, beneficial properties of OAs and EOs, as well as various dose combinations, to promote their optimal use in poultry nutrition and production will be examined. Their effects on supporting protein digestion, faster absorption of minerals, especially microminerals, stimulating growth performance, regulating antioxidant capacity, and improving immune response will be explored. Keywords: acidifiers, antibiotics, essential oils, poultry production Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 141-160 Volume: 68 Issue: 4 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/99/2022-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/99/2022-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202304-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:68:y:2023:i:4:id:99-2022-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radim Codl Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Husbandry, FAPPZ, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaromír Ducháček Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Husbandry, FAPPZ, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Mojmír Vacek Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Husbandry, FAPPZ, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Pytlík Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Husbandry, FAPPZ, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luděk Stádník Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Husbandry, FAPPZ, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Marek Vrhel Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Husbandry, FAPPZ, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The influence of eating and rumination time on solids content in milk and milk yield performance of cows Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rumination time, eating time and season on milk yield and on milk component content in the context of milk recording. The experiment was carried out with two breeds - Czech Fleckvieh cattle and Holstein cattle - for one year. Vitalimetr 5P neck responders were used to monitor eating and rumination time. For statistical evaluation, the time of eating and rumination was divided into three groups according to the length of eating and ruminating, with each breed being categorised separately. The highest protein content, which was 3.6%, was calculated for the group with an average eating time. The fat content was highest for the group with a below-average eating time. On the other hand, the highest milk yield was statistically significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the group with the longest eating time. In terms of rumination, the trend was similar to that of the eating period. In the evaluation of the effect of rumination time, there was no difference in protein %, fat kg and fat % content. A significant (P < 0.05) increase of protein kg was observed with higher rumination time. Changes in milk yield and milk components also occurred throughout the year. During the winter months, the yield decreased, but there was an increase in milk constituent content. During the summer months, the reverse results were obtained. The findings of this study highlight the importance of evaluating eating and rumination time as a potential predictor of milk yield and milk solids content, which are important in milk monetization. Keywords: dairy cattle, ethology, season Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 161-168 Volume: 68 Issue: 4 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/228/2022-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/228/2022-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202304-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:68:y:2023:i:4:id:228-2022-CJAS