Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fernando Alberto Benitez dos Santos Author-Workplace-Name: Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD - Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil Author-Name: Claudia Marie Komiyama Author-Workplace-Name: Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD - Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil Author-Name: Vivian Aparecida Rios de Castilho Heiss Author-Workplace-Name: Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD - Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil Author-Name: Maria Fernanda Castro Burbarelli Author-Workplace-Name: Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD - Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil Author-Name: Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia Author-Workplace-Name: Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD - Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil Author-Name: Deivid Kelly Barbosa Author-Workplace-Name: Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD - Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil Author-Name: Bruna Barreto Przybulinski Author-Workplace-Name: Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD - Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil Author-Name: Leonardo de Oliveira Seno Author-Workplace-Name: Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD - Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil Author-Name: Andrey Sávio de Almeida Assunção Author-Workplace-Name: São Paulo State University - UNESP - Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil Author-Name: Erika Rosendo de Sena Gandra Author-Workplace-Name: Studies Institute of Trópico Úmido - UNIFESSPA - Xinguara, Pará, Brazil Title: Allometric coefficient in broilers and development of white striping and wooden breast myopathies Abstract: The aim was to study the evolution and severity of white striping and wooden breast myopathies and to carry out a study on the parameters of meat quality and allometric growth of male and female broilers at different ages. The experiment was conducted in a broiler house in a completely randomized design, using 960 one-day-old chicks of the Cobb® strain, with 480 chicks of each sex. 96 birds per treatment were slaughtered weekly at the age of 21 to 49 days. The present study analyses the occurrence of myopathies, their scores, and their evolution over the age of the birds, comparing males and females. Further assessments included the allometric coefficient and meat quality analyses such as physical measurements (breast length, width, and thickness), pH, colour (L*, a*, and b*), drip loss, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, and shear force. The results demonstrate that the sex of birds did not affect the occurrence of white striping and wooden breast myopathies. However, the degree of myopathies evolved with advancing age, suggesting the weight as a predisposing factor for these myopathies. The emergence of white striping myopathy occurred as early as in the third week of the birds' life. Wooden breast did not develop as isolated myopathy, occurring only in the concomitant presence of white striping. The allometric coefficient demonstrated that regardless of the sex and age, broiler breast had positive heterogonic growth, i.e. late growth in relation to the other parts of the body. Keywords: muscle degeneration, study of relative growth, pectoral myopathy, meat quality Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 212-221 Volume: 68 Issue: 5 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/182/2022-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/182/2022-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202305-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:68:y:2023:i:5:id:182-2022-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shih-Yi Shen Author-Workplace-Name: Changhua Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Changhua, Taiwan (ROC) Author-Name: Yuan-Yu Lin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) Author-Name: Shih-Chieh Liao Author-Workplace-Name: Changhua Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Changhua, Taiwan (ROC) Author-Name: Jhin-Syuan Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Miaoli, Taiwan (ROC) Author-Name: Sheng-Der Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Changhua Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Changhua, Taiwan (ROC) Author-Name: Lien Ching-Yi Author-Workplace-Name: Changhua Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Changhua, Taiwan (ROC) Title: Effects of phytogenic feed additives on the growth, blood biochemistry, and caecal microorganisms of White Roman geese Abstract: This study investigated the effects of Lycium chinense Miller stem (LCM) and Origanum vulgare Linn (oregano) essential oil on growth, blood biochemistry, and caecal microorganisms in White Roman goose. A total of 96-day-old White Roman geese were randomly allocated to a control group and three treatment groups. The G 0.05 diet was enriched with 0.05% LCM extract, the G 0.5 diet was enriched with 0.5% LCM extract, and the O 0.05 diet was enriched with 0.05% oregano essential oil. Each treatment was allotted to three pens, with four males and four females per pen. Geese were fed for 83 days. Geese in group O 0.05 had greater body weight gain than those in groups G 0.05 and G 0.5 in the first 28 days (P < 0.05), whereas the geese in group O 0.05 also showed greater body weight gain than those in control and G 0.05 groups in total 83 days (P < 0.05). No significant differences in serum creatinine, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, or high-density lipoprotein were observed. Serum glutathione peroxidase concentrations were significantly higher for geese in group G 0.5 (P < 0.05) than for the control group at 83 days of age. At 87days of age, one male and one female per pen were slaughtered, and the caecum contents were collected for gene sequencing by 16S ribosomes. No significant differences in microbial alpha diversity were observed. In conclusion, supplementation with 0.05% oregano essential oil increased body weight gain for 83 days. In addition, supplementation with 0.5% LCM extract increased glutathione peroxidase activity at 83 days of age (P < 0.05). In summary, our study showed that phytogenic feed additives improve growth and have antioxidant and immune properties in geese. Keywords: Lycium chinense Miller, glutathione peroxidase, antioxidant, immune property Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 202-211 Volume: 68 Issue: 5 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/205/2022-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/205/2022-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202305-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:68:y:2023:i:5:id:205-2022-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karlygash Aubakirova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan Author-Name: Mereke Satkanov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan Author-Name: Maral Kulataeva Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan Author-Name: Gulmira Assylbekova Author-Workplace-Name: Higher School of Natural Science, Pavlodar Pedagogical University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan Author-Name: Aigul Kambarbekova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan Author-Name: Zerekbai Alikulov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan Title: Molybdoenzymes isolated from S. glanis liver can produce nitric oxide from nitrates and nitrites Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) plays numerous essential physiological functions in terrestrial animals. In mammals, NO production from l-arginine is catalysed by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS). In recent years, data have begun to emerge on NOS expression and the physiological significance of NO in ectothermic vertebrates such as fish. However, there are relatively fewer data compared to the mammalian system. Although it is already well known that animal molybdoenzymes can convert nitrate and nitrite into NO, there is almost no information on the content and properties of molybdoenzymes in fish organs in the scientific literature. In this regard, the objectives of the present work were to detect the activity of classical molybdoenzymes xanthine oxidase (XO) and aldehyde oxidase (AO) in the liver and to study their possible activity to reduce nitrate and nitrite to nitrogen monoxide. In this work, the intrinsic activity of XO and AO was examined by using their substrates. At the same time, their nitrate (NR) - and nitrite reductase (NiR) activity were determined. It was determined that XO and AO in the fish liver are mainly represented by the molybdenum-free forms. The presence of an additional source of molybdenum can activate both the intrinsic and the NR and NiR activities. The NiR activity of XO and AO was higher than their NR activity. The data shows that treatment at a concentration of sodium molybdate and glutathione of 1.0 mM increases all activities of XO and AO. The optimal conditions for maximum activation of exogenous molybdate for XO and AO were reached by heating at 70 °C for 5 minutes. The activity of XO increased almost 4.7 times, and the activity of AO 7.7 times compared with its intrinsic activity without heat treatment. NO is formed from nitrite by the enzymes XO and AO much more than from nitrate. Keywords: fish liver enzymes, xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, nitrate reductase activity, nitrite reductase activity Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 222-230 Volume: 68 Issue: 5 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/206/2022-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/206/2022-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202305-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:68:y:2023:i:5:id:206-2022-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xu-Ting Song Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Duo-Wei Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Qi Lu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Jun Lu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Mei-Yu Qi Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Ming-Hai Lu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Heilongjiang State Farms Science Technology Vocational College, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiu-Qin Yang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Yu-Chang Yao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Title: Effects of toll like receptor 4 overexpression on blood parameters, body composition, and gastrointestinal microbial diversity in sheep Abstract: Genetic modifications can improve the health status and disease resistance of farm animals. In the previous study, genetically modified (GM) sheep overexpressing toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) were produced. The GM sheep had stronger ability to eliminate invasive microbes compared to the wild-type (WT) sheep. Physiological status and immune homeostasis, blood parameters, body composition, and gastrointestinal microbial diversity were evaluated in this study to elucidate the effects of TLR4 overexpression. In a set of 10 GM rams, the TLR4 mRNA and protein expression levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells, muscle, kidney, and spleen were higher than those of the WT (n = 10; P < 0.05). No significant differences in the parameters of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and in the composition of circulating T lymphocyte subsets were observed between the GM and WT sheep (P > 0.05). Of the biochemical parameters, only total protein levels differed (were higher) in the GM sheep than in the WT sheep (P < 0.05) while no significant differences were observed for the other indices (P > 0.05). GM and WT sheep showed similar offal weights and muscle fatty acid and amino acid compositions (P > 0.05). Furthermore, TLR4 overexpression did not affect the community structure of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota. Eleven KEGG pathways associated with the TLR4 gene, physiology and biochemistry, growth and metabolism, fatty acids, and amino acids did not demonstrate significant differences between the GM and WT sheep (P > 0.05). In conclusion, TLR4 overexpression had no principal or adverse effects on the physiological development and health of sheep, except for the general mRNA and protein expression levels. Keywords: genetically modified sheep, TLR4 gene, microbiomes, immune homeostasis, biosafety assessment Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 189-201 Volume: 68 Issue: 5 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/76/2022-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/76/2022-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202305-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:68:y:2023:i:5:id:76-2022-CJAS