Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hong-Tao Ren Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Shi-Yang Gao Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yong Huang Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiao-Chan Gao Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P.R. China Title: Temperature regulates fatty acid desaturase and elongase at the transcriptional level and modulates the fatty acid profile in the early stage of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Abstract: This study explored the regulatory effect of temperature stress on fatty acid biosynthesis in the early stage of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on Δ6-fatty acids desaturase (Δ6FAD) and elongase-5 (ELOVL5) gene expression and fatty acid composition. One-day-old carp larvae were selected, and after seven days of acclimatisation at 25 °C, the larvae were subjected to temperature stress for 96 h in water at 32 °C or 10 °C. In the post-larval stage, 30-day-old carp juveniles were selected and, after seven days of acclimatisation at 25 °C, were subjected to temperature stress for seven days in water at 32 °C or 10 °C. The results showed that common carp larvae could rapidly and highly express Δ6FAD and ELOVL5 genes within 48 h at high temperature (32 °C) compared with the 0 h group (P < 0.05), while gene expression began to gradually increase after 48 h at low temperature (10 °C). There was a significant improvement in C22:6n-3 and C20:5n-3 after 96 h at low temperature compared with the 0 h group (P < 0.05). In common carp juveniles, the Δ6FAD gene in the intestine, brain and liver was sensitive to low temperature, but the ELOVL5 gene in the intestine, brain and liver of common carp was sensitive to high temperature. The low temperature increased the amount of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in the common carp juveniles. The results indicated that temperature could regulate the expression of the Δ6FAD and ELOVL5 genes for HUFA production, as well as for participation in the biosynthesis of fatty acids in the body during the early development of common carp. The results of this study help clarify the regulatory effects of temperature on fatty acid biosynthesis during the early development of common carp. Keywords: Δ, 6-fatty acids desaturase, elongase-5, gene expression, highly unsaturated fatty acids Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 313-321 Volume: 68 Issue: 7 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/22/2023-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/22/2023-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202307-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:68:y:2023:i:7:id:22-2023-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yazavinder Singh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy Author-Name: Marco Cullere Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy Author-Name: Eva Tůmová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Antonella Dalle Zotte Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy Title: Camelina sativa as a sustainable and feasible feedstuff for broiler poultry species: A review Abstract: Camelina sativa can be identified as a promising oilseed crop due to its short growth cycle, tolerance to drought and frost, low-input requirements, resistance to pests and diseases, feed, and non-feed applications. Compared to other Brassicaceae family plants, camelina is mainly distinguished by high levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant content. However, camelina contains secondary plant metabolites, such as glucosinolates, phytic acid, sinapine, etc., and their presence limits the use of camelina by-products (oil, seed or cake) in poultry feeding. The breakdown of these compounds forms complexes that can inhibit digestive enzymes, reduce the absorption of nutrients, and ultimately modify product quality. The content of these anti-nutritional compounds and plant seed quality can be modified by various techniques: hybridisation, mutation induction, gene engineering, etc. Moreover, methods such as infrared irradiation, multi-enzyme and copper supplementation, etc., can counter or mitigate the effect of plant secondary metabolites present in camelina seed or cake. In general, dietary inclusion of camelina seed or cake at high inclusion levels (> 10%) worsened the nutrient digestibility and thus reduced growth performances. However, carcass traits and meat proximate composition were comparable in birds-fed diets containing camelina by-products. The fatty acid profile of meat cuts and abdominal fat was significantly higher in alpha-linolenic acid and lower n-6/n-3 ratio, thus promoting the healthiness of products for human consumption. Also, the dietary inclusion of camelina did not modify the sensory profile of the products. The present article is a comprehensive and critical review of research carried out to improve the quality of camelina and its by-products to be used in broiler poultry feeding. This review gives information on the feeding value of camelina by-products, as well as a survey of the literature on their use in poultry diets to evaluate digestibility, performance, carcass traits, and meat quality. Keywords: false flax, broiler, digestibility, performance, meat quality, fatty acid Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 277-295 Volume: 68 Issue: 7 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/29/2023-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/29/2023-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202307-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:68:y:2023:i:7:id:29-2023-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Qian Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Centre of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Lin Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy Of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Linxiao Du Author-Workplace-Name: Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Centre of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Yanyan Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Centre of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Dan Yi Author-Workplace-Name: Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Centre of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Di Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Centre of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Binying Ding Author-Workplace-Name: Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Centre of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Yongqing Hou Author-Workplace-Name: Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Centre of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China Author-Name: Tao Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Centre of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China Title: Dietary supplementation of natural tannin relieved intestinal injury and oxidative stress in piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Abstract: This study is to explore the effects of natural tannin (NBT) on intestinal injury in piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Thirty-two 7-day-old piglets were divided into four groups: I) control group, piglets were fed a basic diet without challenge; II) ETEC group, piglets were fed a basic diet and challenged with enterotoxigenic E. coli; III) NBT + ETEC group, piglets were fed a basic diet with supplementation of 2 g/kg NBT and challenged with enterotoxigenic E. coli; and IV) ZnO + ETEC group, piglets were fed a basic diet with supplementation of 3 g/kg ZnO and challenged with enterotoxigenic E. coli. Results showed that diarrhoea rate was significantly increased in ETEC group, whereas it was decreased after NBT supplementation (P < 0.05); NBT supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain of ETEC-infected piglets. ETEC group showed damaged intestinal morphology (as indicated by decreased villus height, surface area and increased crypt depth) and barrier function (as indicated by decreased d-xylose content and increased diamine oxidase activity), induced oxidative stress (as indicated by increased myeloperoxidase activity) while supplementation of NBT had an obvious impact on the recovery of intestinal function and alleviated the oxidative damage. Further analysis showed that NBT could decrease the expression of genes related to intestinal injury (matrix metalloproteinase-3), and specifically upregulate the expression of oxidative stress-related genes (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and hypoxia inducible factor-1). Overall, dietary supplementation of NBT relieved intestinal injury and oxidative stress in piglets challenged with ETEC. NBT could be an alternative to ZnO as a feed additive in piglet diet. Keywords: tannins, intestine, oxidative stress, ETEC, piglets Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 296-305 Volume: 68 Issue: 7 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/148/2022-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/148/2022-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202307-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:68:y:2023:i:7:id:148-2022-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Kuchtík Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Květoslava Šustová Author-Workplace-Name: Ambis University, Praha 8 - Libeň, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomáš Kopec Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ferenc Pajor Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: Leona Konečná Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Experimental evaluation of milk yield and selected traits of milk quality in Clun Forest ewes Abstract: In general, it can be stated that the economics of non-dairy sheep breeding in the Czech Republic experienced a worsening trend in recent years. One of the ways to improve this situation is to use some of these breeds also for milk production. One of the possible breeds usable for milk production, especially for the good milk production of mothers, is the Clun Forest (CF). The aim of our experiment was to evaluate the daily milk yield (DMY) and the contents of fat (F), total protein (TP) and lactose (L), pH, titratable acidity (TA), concentration of urea (CU) and somatic cell count (SCC) in CF ewes during lactation. In our experiment, the following means of individual traits for the whole lactation were found: DMY: 579 g, contents of F, TP and L: 6.73%, 5.82% and 4.98%, pH: 6.55, TA: 8.74 °SH, CU: 36.08 mg/100 ml and log SCC: 4.71. The stage of lactation had a significant (P < 0.01) effect on DMY, contents of F and TP and pH and TA. The results of our experiment show that CF ewes had lower DMY than dairy breeds (DB). However, the majority of the milk quality traits was comparable to DB. Moreover, the high fat and protein contents and the values of most other milk quality traits are good prerequisites for high cheese yield and optimal final quality of other sheep's milk products. The results of our experiment suggest that CF ewes could be used for milk production while the milk production of CF ewes should ensure an improvement in the economics and competitiveness of smaller farms in particular. Keywords: basic milk composition, acidity of milk, somatic cells, stage of lactation Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 306-312 Volume: 68 Issue: 7 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/221/2022-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/221/2022-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202307-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:68:y:2023:i:7:id:221-2022-CJAS