Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xue Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Yongqiang Li Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Jun Xiao Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Jianan Dong Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Wei Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhiyi Han Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Liang Xin Author-Workplace-Name: JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Guixin Qin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Jilin Provincial Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Tao Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Jilin Provincial Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Yuguo Zhen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Jilin Provincial Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhe Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Jilin Provincial Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Name: Xuefeng Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Jilin Provincial Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China Title: Heat stress affects the milk yield, milk composition, serum oxidative status, and metabolites of Holstein cows during mid-lactation Abstract: Seasonal heat stress and metabolic disorders during mid-lactation are the main factors limiting production in Holstein cows, and several proteins and molecules involved in metabolic pathways are altered in response to stress. We investigated the effects of heat stress on the milk yield, milk composition, serum oxidative status, and metabolites in Holstein cows during mid-lactation to identify biomarkers associated with heat stress in serum and milk. Holstein cows with similar body condition scores (3.0 ± 0.25), parity (2.5 ± 0.5), and lactation days (115 ± 5 days) were selected in August (heat stress, HS, n = 20) 2017 and March 2018 (non-heat stress, NHS, n = 20). Milk yield was recorded daily and serum was collected on days 1, 31, and 61. Serum and milk metabolites were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on day 1. The results showed a significantly lower average daily milk yield in the HS group than in the NHS group (P < 0.05). The milk compositions of fat (%), lactoprotein, lactose yield, and milk solid-not-fat in the HS group were significantly lower than in the NHS group on days 1, 31, and 61 (P < 0.05). The levels of  malondialdehyde were higher, whereas those of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were lower in the serum of the HS group (P < 0.05) than that of the NHS group. The serum concentrations of d-glucose, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, and d-lactose were significantly higher in  the NHS group than in the HS group (P < 0.05). The concentrations of lactic acid and milk urea nitrogen in the NHS group were lower than those in the HS group (P < 0.05). The present data suggest that metabolic biomarkers are closely associated with heat stress in the serum and milk, which provides a basis for evaluating indicators of heat stress occurrence in mid-lactation cows. Keywords: lactation performance, serum and milk metabolites, oxidative stress, dairy cow Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 333-345 Volume: 68 Issue: 8 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/2/2023-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2/2023-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202308-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:68:y:2023:i:8:id:2-2023-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shawkat Abdulrazaq M'Sadeq Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Production Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq Title: Ameliorative effect of yeast cell walls on broiler chickens' performance and gut health under coccidiosis challenge Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of yeast cell wall parts (YCW) in reducing the severity of coccidiosis in broiler chickens. One-day-old Ross 308 chicks (n = 320) were randomly allocated to 32 floor pens in two rooms with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were (1) challenge: negative or positive by room, (2) feed additive: control (none), anticoccidial (salinomycin at 60 mg/kg), YCW 0.1% or 0.2%. On day 8, none-challenged room was inoculated with saline, and challenged room was inoculated with 5 000 Eimeria tenella oocysts. Performance results showed that in challenged birds, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and weight gain (WG) were poorer than in unchallenged birds on day 24 and 35. Birds given anticoccidial and YCW had improved FCR and WG (P = 0.01) over the control group. Challenge and additive interactions were observed on day 24 and day 35 for FCR and WG (P = 0.01) and for feed intake on day 24 (P = 0.01). Challenged birds fed YCW on days 24 and 35 had higher WG and better FCR compared with both challenged and non-challenged controls and anticoccidial treatment. Coccidial challenge increased crypt depth (CD), villous tip and base width, and villous surface area and decreased villous height to crypt depth ratio (VH : CD) and villous height (VH). Birds fed YCW exhibited significantly decreased CD, villous tip width, villous base width, villous surface area and increased VH, VH : CD in comparison to the control group. Challenged birds fed YCW had significantly lower bursa of Fabricius follicle length compared to birds fed the control diet. Challenged birds had significantly increased serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations than non-challenged birds. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that the yeast cell wall has the ability to control coccidiosis. Keywords: yeast part, E. tenella, gut histomorphology, serum biochemicals, bursa of Fabricius histomorphology Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 346-355 Volume: 68 Issue: 8 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/24/2023-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/24/2023-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202308-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:68:y:2023:i:8:id:24-2023-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomáš Kopec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ladislav Máchal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eva Tůmová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zuzana Rečková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radek Filipčík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Dynamics of occurrence of defective eggs in initial laying lines of hens Abstract: The aim of this study was to monitor the occurrence of abnormal eggs in five initial laying lines of the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus) between 2017 and 2021. The incidence of abnormal eggs, cracks, shell-less eggs, and double-yolk eggs were examined as part of the monitoring. Also assessed was the laying intensity, which ranged from 83.7% for the Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR) B line to 96.8% for the Rhode Island Red (RIR) A line. A statistically significant relationship between the line and control year was discovered for all varieties of abnormal eggs. The highest occurrence of cracks was in the RIR B line (2.2%). The BPR A line of hens had the highest concentration of shell-less eggs (1.7%), while the RIR A line, which also had the highest laying intensity (96.8%), had the highest frequency of double-yolk eggs (1.5%). A positive trend between the intensity and the occurrence of abnormal eggs was also confirmed. The BPR B (3.4%) and BPR C (3.0%) lines, which belonged to the lines with the lowest laying intensity, had the lowest percentage of abnormal eggs. For the BPR C line, cracks (1.2%), shell-less eggs (0.9%), and double-yolk eggs (0.9%) had the lowest occurrence rates. The correlation between laying intensity and double-yolk eggs reached 0.67, and a significant positive relationship was seen. On the other hand, no association was found between the laying intensity and the prevalence of cracked or shell-less eggs. There was also a strong correlation between abnormal eggs and double-yolk eggs (0.80) and between abnormal eggs and cracks (0.73). The correlation between the total occurrence of abnormal eggs and the intensity of laying reaches a mean value of 0.41. An increase in the intensity of laying from 80% to almost 100% leads to an increase in the occurrence of abnormal eggs from 2.6% to 6.3%. Keywords: cracks, shell-less eggs, double-yolk eggs, abnormal eggs, laying intensity Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 356-363 Volume: 68 Issue: 8 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/54/2023-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/54/2023-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202308-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:68:y:2023:i:8:id:54-2023-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ladislav Tichý Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Karel Novák Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jitka Kyselová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michaela Přibáňová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech Moravian Breeders' Corporation, Hradištko, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Calta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš Vostrý Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic Title: Diversity of the bovine genes IRAK1 and IRAK4 in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway Abstract: Innate immunity is the organism's first line of defence, and the receptors of immune cells play a key role. Interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 1 and 4 (IRAK1 and IRAK4) are necessary for signal transmission from Toll-like receptors, which are the most important receptors of immune cells. The main objective of this study was to investigate the gene polymorphisms of IRAK1 and IRAK4 in Czech Fleckvieh cattle (CF) and to compare their diversity with other cattle breeds as there is still little information about these genes. PacBio Technology of next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to detect genetic variability in 164 CF bulls. The results revealed 17 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the IRAK1 gene and 12 SNVs and three deletions in the IRAK4 gene. Three methods were then used to determine allelic variability: Sanger sequencing, the primer extension method and Illumina DNA BeadChip microarray in cooperation with the Czech Moravian Breeder's Corporation. Sanger sequencing enabled analysis of the population variability in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs210710958 and rs48726521 of IRAK1 in 164 CF bulls. SNaPshot genotyping was employed to determine the allelic frequencies of SNP rs211379365 and a novel polymorphism in IRAK1, and rs380202447 in the IRAK4 gene. DNA microarray method, which was applied to 74 CF dairy cows, revealed the allelic frequency of IRAK1 rs110533802 including the frequency 0.07 of mutant allele T. Additional microarray data allowed the comparison of the allelic frequencies among the Czech and Hungarian populations of Holstein dairy cows and beef breed populations. The results show that the functionally significant diversity in the IRAK1 and IRAK4 genes in the studied CF population is rather limited. The higher frequency 0.4 of the T mutant allele of SNP rs110533802 of IRAK1 in Holstein cattle could be the consequence of breeding for milk performance. Keywords: NGS sequencing, innate immunity, cattle, DNA microarray Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 323-332 Volume: 68 Issue: 8 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/137/2022-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/137/2022-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202308-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:68:y:2023:i:8:id:137-2022-CJAS