Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pei Mao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: MengMeng Gao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Naizhi Hu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: XiaoLi Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: Yan ChengGang Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Beimuda Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., LTD, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: ChengSheng Song Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Spring Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., LTD, Henan, P.R. China Author-Name: WenFeng Ma Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China Title: The mechanism of N-carbamylglutamate promoting arginine synthesis and its application in pig production: A review Abstract: Arginine (Arg) is an essential amino acid that can improve the reproductive capacity, intestinal development, and growth performance of pigs. N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) and N-acetylglutamate (NAG) can activate carbamyl phosphate synthetase I and the Δ1 pyrrolin 5 carboxylate synthetase in mitochondria, promoting the synthesis of citrulline from glutamine and proline, citrulline is the main precursors for the synthesis of Arg, and subsequently increasing the endogenous synthesis of Arg to produce nitric oxide (NO) and polyamines. Compared with Arg, NCG has a longer half-life and does not inhibit the absorption of basic amino acids such as histidine or lysine; thus, it has been developed as a feed additive. This paper reviews the application of NCG as a feed additive in pig production and its possible theoretical mechanism. Keywords: amino acid substitute, feed additive, performance, swine Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 299-307 Volume: 71 Issue: 7 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/87/2025-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/87/2025-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/87/2025-CJAS.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202607-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:71:y:2026:i:7:id:87-2025-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yuting Pang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, P.R. China Author-Name: Yujie Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, P.R. China Author-Name: Yunheng Liu Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiuling Li Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, P.R. China Author-Name: Jinyi Xing Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, P.R. China Title: The impact of folic acid on genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in the liver of broilers Abstract: Folic acid (FA) plays an important role as a cofactor and coenzyme in animal growth and development, and in the regulation of gene expression and methylation. However, the epigenetic mechanism by which dietary FA supplementation regulates lipid metabolism in broilers remains largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of FA on genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in broiler liver and to identify differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and pathways associated with lipid metabolism. Reduced representation bisulphite sequencing (RRBS) was performed to analyse genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in liver tissues of broilers supplemented with 0 (control, C group), 5 (M group) or 10 mg/kg (H group) FA in basal diet for 42 days. The genome-wide methylation analysis showed that the average percentage of each sample of CpG (5'-C-phosphate-G-3') methylation efficiency was 29.47%. A total of 1 402 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were detected between C and M groups, including 745 hyper-DMRs and 657 hypo-DMRs, Compared with the C group, 410 hyper-DMRs and 436 hypo-DMRs were identified in the H group. Additionally, 511 hyper-DMRs and 560 hypo-DMRs were found between the M and H group. Furthermore, a total of 134 DMGs exhibited DMRs in the promoter region across all three comparison groups, including 27 upregulated DMGs and 20 downregulated DMGs. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of DMRs revealed that the associated genes are mainly involved in H3-K4 demethylation, histone lysine demethylation, peptidyl-lysine methylation, histone demethylation, lysine N-methyltransferase activity, fat cell proliferation, cellular lipid metabolic processes, fatty-acyl-CoA binding. In addition, key Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were primarily associated with the Toll-like receptor signalling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, butanoate metabolism, retinol metabolism. Taken together, these results demonstrated that FA supplementation affects genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in the liver of broilers, suggesting an underlying epigenetic mechanism for its regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. Keywords: broilers, DNA methylation, folic acid, lipid metabolism, liver Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 330-341 Volume: 71 Issue: 7 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/102/2025-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/102/2025-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/102/2025-CJAS.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202607-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:71:y:2026:i:7:id:102-2025-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lee HakKyo Author-Workplace-Name: International Agricultural Development and Cooperation Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Kim Do-Hyun Author-Workplace-Name: International Agricultural Development and Cooperation Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: DaeJin Kwon Author-Workplace-Name: International Agricultural Development and Cooperation Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Title: Improved cryotolerance of bovine blastocysts by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 supplementation during in vitro culture and post-thaw recovery Abstract: In vitro embryo production (IVP) is a valuable technique for advancing cattle breeding and reproductive biotechnology. Nevertheless, embryos produced in vitro often display reduced developmental competence and cryotolerance compared with their in vivo counterparts. Vitamin D is known to regulate many cellular functions, including growth and antioxidant defence. This study evaluated the impact of vitamin D supplementation during in vitro culture on bovine embryo development and post-thaw recovery. Oocytes were matured and fertilised in vitro and presumptive zygotes were cultured with 0 (control), 25, or 50 ng/ml of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Supplementation of 25 ng/ml vitamin D did not significantly alter cleavage or blastocyst rates; however, it increased the expression of IGF2R and SOD2. In contrast, 50 ng/ml impaired embryonic development. the VD/VD group showed higher blastocyst hatching rates, lower mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, increased IGF2R expression and reduced BAX expression and BAX/BCL2L1 ratio (P < 0.05). Overall, these findings suggest that the low-dose vitamin D supplementation may support embryonic recovery from cryo-induced stress, potentially through the modulation of the oxidative balance and growth-related pathways, rather than by enhancing the pre-freezing developmental competence. Keywords: apoptosis, cattle, cryopreservation, embryo quality Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 319-329 Volume: 71 Issue: 7 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/61/2026-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/61/2026-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/61/2026-CJAS.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202607-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:71:y:2026:i:7:id:61-2026-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roni Pazla Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia Author-Name: Asmuddin Natsir Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia Author-Name: Dewi Febrina Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University of Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia Author-Name: Mardiati Zain Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia Author-Name: Arief Arief Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia Author-Name: Antonius Antonius Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia Author-Name: Zaitul Ikhlas Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia Author-Name: Yolani Utami Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia Author-Name: Ezi Masdia Putri Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia Author-Name: Gusri Yanti Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social, Science and Education, Prima Nusantara Bukittinggi University, Bukittinggi, Indonesia Author-Name: Yanuar Achadri Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia Author-Name: Sharli Asmairicen Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia Author-Name: Ida Andriani Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Behavioral and Circular Economic, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia Title: Rumen-protected gambir catechins encapsulated using CaO-PFAD: Their effects on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and methane production in vitro Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of rumen-protected gambir catechins encapsulated using calcium oxide (CaO) and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) on rumen fermentation profiles, microbial activity, nutrient digestibility, and methane production in vitro. A randomised block design was used, consisting of four treatments and five replicates. The treatments were assigned based on different levels of gambir catechin-CaO-PFAD encapsulate supplementation, namely 0% (A), 5% (B), 10% (C), and 15% (D) in the diet. The results indicated that the treatments significantly affected NH3 concentration, partial VFA profiles, methane production, microbial protein synthesis, degradation, and nutrient digestibility (P < 0.05), but no significant treatment effects were detected for total VFA, pH, or microbial biomass (P > 0.05). Treatment C produced the highest concentrations of propionate, microbial protein synthesis, degradation, and nutrient digestibility, while reducing methane production and the acetate to propionate ratio. The Cao-PFAD-encapsulated gambir catechin supplementation improved rumen fermentation efficiency, as indicated by increased propionate concentration, microbial protein synthesis, nutrient digestibility, and reduced methane production. Thus, gambir catechin-CaO-PFAD encapsulates could be used as a functional feed supplement to improve nutrient utilisation and mitigate enteric methane emissions in ruminant livestock. Keywords: enteric methane mitigation, functional supplement, microbial protein, SDG 13, volatile fatty acids Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 308-318 Volume: 71 Issue: 7 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/68/2026-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/68/2026-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/68/2026-CJAS.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-202607-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:71:y:2026:i:7:id:68-2026-CJAS