Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Vachůn Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Faculty of Horticulture, Lednice, Czech Republic Title: Specific productivity of selected apricot genorypes Abstract: Specific productivity and some correlations between growth and productivity were evaluated in a set of 24 apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genotypes in 1994-1999. Even though the planting stock came from the same nursery, was of even age and on the same rootstock, the tree size of genotypes varied from planting to a permanent site. Differences in the tree size of genotypes slightly diminished over the six-year period, likely under the influence of uniform pruning used for all trees. Nevertheless, tree size evaluated from the area of stem cross-section can be considered as a genotype disposition. It is proved by a positive, highly significant correlation (r = 0.84++) between the rank genotypes according to the area of stem cross-section in the fourth and eleventh year after planting. Confidence intervals also confirmed significance of differences in specific productivity. In total, specific productivity of twelve genotypes was significantly higher than in the control cultivar Velkopavlovická. A negative, significant moderate correlation (r = -0.40+) was calculated between tree size and specific productivity expressed as yield weight per unit area of stem cross-section. Weakly growing genotypes had higher specific productivity. The highest specific productivity was recorded in cultivars Vynoslivyj and Priusadebnyj and in LE-1321 and LE-390 hybrids. Of them, the most interesting for producers and fruit quality was Vynoslivyj with average fruit weight 47 g and harvest ripeness 11 days after Velkopavlovická. Keywords: apricot, genotype, tree size, specific productivity Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 125-132 Volume: 29 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4475-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4475-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200204-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:29:y:2002:i:4:id:4475-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Blažková Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Hlušičková Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy, Czech Republic Title: Testing of wood hardiness to winter freezes in selections from progenies of Cerapadus × Prunus avium L. crosses Abstract: Winter hardiness of genotypes pre-selected from Cerapadus × Prunus avium L. crosses was studied for 3 years (2000-2002) in comparison with clonal cherry rootstocks, presently grown in the Czech Republic using artificial freezing of the budwood applied just after the phase of deep dormancy. With a temperature drop to freezing, both the mean and the maximum rate of general frost injury was markedly increased. The greatest damage of the tested material (roughly at the level of LD 50 on the average) occurred after the application of combined low temperatures -25°C for 4 hours + -20°C for 66 hours. The results of laboratory tests were compared with the damage of natural frost that occurred during the first half of January, 2002. The single observed years did not differ from each other in the extent of injury, on the average. From standard cherry rootstocks, P-HL-B was generally the most sensitive to freeze injury. Its weak winter hardiness was approximately the same, or even somewhat worse, than that of rootstock Colt. The rootstock P-HL-C was classified as medium sensitive to winter frosts, while rootstock P-HL-A was scored as winter hardy. The average frost injury score of all 48 selected Cerapadus × Prunus avium L. genotypes included in the study was 6.7, whereas that of all control cherry rootstocks was only 5.9. According to the results of this study, the tested genotypes were classified into 5 groups with different classes of frost resistance or susceptibility. The most frequent was the class of medium resistance. The following five genotypes were the most winter hardy: CPH VODÁRNA, CPH 43, CPH 17, CPH 22 and CPH 49. On the basis of the obtained results, suggestions for improving testing procedures are also given. Keywords: frost hardiness, freeze injury, testing, Cerapadus, Prunus avium, cherry rootstocks, hybrids Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 133-142 Volume: 29 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4476-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4476-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200204-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:29:y:2002:i:4:id:4476-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Falta Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Pražák Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Hudský Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy, Czech Republic Title: Elimination of weed influence through fruit thinning and fertilisation in apple tree plantings Abstract: The objective of this research is to study the effect of two measures (fruit thinning and additional fertilisation - 222 kg calcium nitrate/hectare) compensating the negative influence of weeds (yield loss and reduction of growth) in plantings of Idared cv. In addition, the yield response of two other apple cultivars (Melrose, Gloster) to the exclusion of chemical weed control is discussed in this paper. The obtained results have shown that the differences between yields of individual variants of Idared cv. were smaller and not significant in the first year (2000) of experiment. In the second year (2001), the significant (= 0.05) yield loss (40%) was observed in the case of variant with mowing of weeds and fruit thinning compared with variant with herbicide treatments and additional fertilisation. The influence of measures on Idared cv. growth was not significant. The absence of herbicides has led to yield reduction (27%) of Idared cv. in 2001 in comparison with yield in 2000. However, the difference was not significant ( > 0.1), probably due to the relatively short period of trials. On the contrary, the yield of Gloster cv. observed in 2001 was significantly higher ( = 0.01) than in 2000 even though herbicides were excluded. Keywords: apples, weeds, weed control, herbicides, fertilisation, fruit thinning, yield loss Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 143-147 Volume: 29 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4477-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4477-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200204-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:29:y:2002:i:4:id:4477-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Goliáš Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Faculty of Horticulture, Lednice, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Kobza Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Faculty of Horticulture, Lednice, Czech Republic Title: Ethanol content in cut roses at low oxygen atmosphere storage Abstract: Low oxygen atmosphere is beneficial for preservation of fresh cut roses. Flower tolerance to specific atmosphere yielding anaerobic products was determined. A suitable gas mixture of ULO conditions (0.8% oxygen and 0.1% carbon dioxide) was shown to lead to elevated ethanol production in tissues. The tissue ethanol content in ULO and RA atmosphere (21% oxygen and 0.03% carbon dioxide) was 300 mg/l and 6 mg/l, respectively. After the exposure to ULO conditions when the material was in air ventilation under cold storage, ethanol decreased to the trace concentration comparable with that at the beginning of storage. The oxygen stress caused only small fluctuations in the content of acetaldehyde with difference from 3 to 6 mg/l. The presence of acetaldehyde in the pulp of cut roses indicated a negligible degree of injury by low oxygen. There were only minimal differences between ULO and RA in non-volatile compounds such as sucrose, glucose and fructose. Buds of cut roses did not open during the storage in ULO conditions and in the prolonged phase of air ventilation their opening was delayed for the next 15 days of cold storage. Keywords: Rosa hybrida L., ethanol, acetaldehyde, low oxygen, content of sugar Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 148-152 Volume: 29 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4478-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4478-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200204-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:29:y:2002:i:4:id:4478-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Salaš Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Faculty of Horticulture, Lednice, Czech Republic Title: New technologies and improvement of nursery stock quality Abstract: This four years experimentation work was aimed at research on using various waste organic materials and especially timber bark in cultivation substrates as a substitute of peat. Sixty-four special isolated cultivation beds were established for this purpose, each of 4.8 m3 volume, in which 11 variants of substrates consisting of different proportions of different components in several replications were tested. Standard substrates Horticultural substrate B and RKS I. were used as controls. Another variant was used as a control for growing tests of plants in containers. All tested substrates were enriched with hydroabsorbent TerraCottem. In some variants reserve fertilisers with slow release of nutrients (Silvamix Forte) were applied. For cultivation testing of studied substrates four ornamental tree species (Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus excelsior, Salix alba, Salix matsudana) were chosen. The best evaluated variants were the ones containing 50 and 75% of bark in combination with sand. The worst was the variant composed of chips and sawdust. Thanks to the use of hydroabsorbents, even the variant containing 100% of sand appeared to be very good. The tested trees had different reactions to the different types of substrates depending on their species requirements. The limiting growth factor for Alnus was the content of water in the substrate. Similarly, the content of available nutrients in the substrate was essential for Fraxinus. The hardwood cuttings of Salix not only rooted into the substrate in a few weeks, but also formed aboveground parts of the required sizes. Obtained data on growth parameters differed according to the diversity of requirements of the different studied species. Keywords: nursery, cultivation technology, bark substrates, Salix, Fraxinus, Alnus Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 153-160 Volume: 29 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4479-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4479-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200204-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:29:y:2002:i:4:id:4479-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Zemánek Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Horticultural Mechanization, Břeclav, Czech Republic Title: Influence of windrow composition on composting by a windrow turner Abstract: A PKS 2,8 tractor-drawn compost windrow turner was used on three different types of compost windrows. The consistence 810, 654 and 354 kg/m3 and the change of profile sizes in given sections were monitored inclusive of the course on band-shaped windrows. The windrow turner operational speed and turning course were also observed. On the basis of the measured values, the windrow turner real performance was determined for each windrow that reached the values of 71-197 m3/h. Keywords: compost windrow composition, windrow turner performance Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 161-164 Volume: 29 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/4480-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4480-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200204-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:29:y:2002:i:4:id:4480-HORTSCI