Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Z. Vachůn
Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Faculty of Horticulture, Lednice, Czech Republic
Title: Phenophases of blossoming and picking maturity and their relationships in twenty apricot genotypes for a period of six years
Abstract: The phenophase course in a group of 20 apricot genotypes was evaluated in South Moravian conditions in Lednice, Czech Republic, from 1994 to 1999. The evaluated phases were as follows: "beginning of blossoming", "beginning of picking maturity" and "end of picking maturity". The aim was to evaluate the variability of these phenophases and their relationships. The amplitude of the phenophase "beginning of blossoming" did not exceed 9 days. The amplitude of phenophases between the different years was about three times higher than the average amplitude between the genotypes. The average amplitude of the factor "beginning of picking maturity" observed in all genotypes was 39 days, but a comparison between the years showed that the largest amplitude for a given genotype was only 16 days. No statistical correlation was found between the phenophases "beginning of blossoming" and "beginning of picking maturity" in any of the six observed years. The genotypes whose maturity occurs at the beginning or at the end of picking season showed higher year to year variability of the phenophase "beginning of picking maturity" than the genotypes maturing in the middle of the season. The rate of fruit development from blossoming to picking was considerably different depending on the apricot genotype. The number of days between the beginning of blossoming and the beginning of picking maturity was characteristic of each genotype. The variability of this interval for the six years was very low and the value of variation coefficients did not exceed 10%. This amplitude observed in the control variety Velkopavlovická LE-6/2 was on average 100 days. A very high statistically significant correlation (r = 0.996++) was observed between the intervals from the "beginning of blossoming" to the "beginning of picking maturity" and to the "end of picking maturity".
Keywords: apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), genotypes, phenophases of blossoming and maturity, relations, variability
Journal: Horticultural Science
Pages: 43-50
Volume: 30
Issue: 2
Year: 2003
DOI: 10.17221/3813-HORTSCI
File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3813-HORTSCI.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. Goliáš
Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Faculty of Horticulture, Lednice, Czech Republic
Author-Name: F. Kobza
Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Faculty of Horticulture, Lednice, Czech Republic
Title: Responses of cut carnations to a low oxygen level in the ambient atmosphere
Abstract: Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers were subjected to low oxygen to investigate the physiological effects on flower senescence. The effect of ultra low oxygen (0.6-0.8%) led to low accumulation of ethanol that amounted to 8 mg/l in the tissue pulp in 19 days. The content of acetaldehyde showed an exponential decrease in its previous value after a subsequent exposition of cut carnations to air but still at a cold storage temperature. The content of sugars such as sucrose, glucose and fructose linearly decreased with small differences between ULO and RA conditions. The sucrose content was at a trace concentration. Visual symptoms of injury were observed in ULO conditions after 19 days of storage when brown spots appeared at the top of petals.
Keywords: Dianthus caryophyllus L., low oxygen atmosphere, ethanol, acetaldehyde, sucrose, glucose, fructose
Journal: Horticultural Science
Pages: 51-55
Volume: 30
Issue: 2
Year: 2003
DOI: 10.17221/3814-HORTSCI
File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3814-HORTSCI.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. Kosina
Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy, Czech Republic
Title: Evaluation of pear rootstocks in an orchard
Abstract: This study was conducted in the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology in Holovousy in order to test some new pear rootstocks under the conditions of the Czech Republic. In a rootstock trial planted in spring 1996 five clonal rootstocks (OH × F 69, OH × F 87, OH × F 230, OH × F 333 and standard Quince BA-29) were compared with Red Barttlet, Conference and Lucas as test cultivars. In comparison with Red Barttlet, the cumulative yield per tree from 1996 to 2002 was the highest on OH × F 69 and the lowest on OH × F 333. The yield efficiency (kg/cm2) was best on BA-29. The cultivar Conference had the highest total yield and yield efficiency on OH × F 87. The lowest yield was on OH × F 333. The cultivar Lucas was the most productive on OH × F 87. In the sixth year after planting no difference was observed in growth vigour (indicated by trunk crosssectional area) between OH × F clones with the cultivar Red Barttlet. The trees on BA-29 grew less. The tree size of Conference was largest for OH × F 230 and smallest for OH × F 333. The cultivar Lucas grew vigorously on OH × F 69. Small trees were observed on the rootstock OH × F 87. Fruit weight was higher on BA-29 than on OH × F rootstocks with all cultivars. The production of suckers proved to be small with all cultivars on all rootstocks. The anchorage of all trees was adequate. No graft incompatibility has been detected yet. The results were processed statistically.
Keywords: pear, rootstock, growth vigour, yield, suckering
Journal: Horticultural Science
Pages: 56-58
Volume: 30
Issue: 2
Year: 2003
DOI: 10.17221/3815-HORTSCI
File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3815-HORTSCI.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Z. Vachún
Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Faculty of Horticulture, Lednice, Czech Republic
Title: Precocious beginning of blossoming and tree decline in apricot cultivar Bergeron
Abstract: Tree mortality was recorded in a selection orchard of maintenance breeding of cv. Bergeron LE-2 in 1993-2002. The beginning of blossoming was examined in individual trees in the same orchard in 1999-2002. Considering the effect of year, a maximum difference in the average beginning of blossoming was 10 days in the whole set of trees. The beginning of blossoming of individual trees was not identical in the same year. A difference in the onset of phenophase "beginning of blossoming" between early and late blossoming trees was 1-4 days in the particular years. The trees maintained their early or late blossoming for the whole period of evaluation. No tree died in the orchard by 1998. From 1999 to 2002 50% of early blossoming trees died and only 2.38% of late blossoming ones (average of three replications). Two thirds of early blossoming trees died during vegetation, a third died during vegetation rest. No commercially important viroses were proved to be present. It is the reason why viruses could not be a potential cause of the above-mentioned facts. The presence of phytoplasm (ESFY) was confirmed by the method NESTED PCR in one case in a randomly selected early blossoming tree. The test was negative in two randomly selected late blossoming trees from underplanting. The early beginning of blossoming did not influence productivity. Correlations between the beginning of tree blossoming and blossom abundance, or between the beginning of blossoming and productivity, were insignificant (r = 0.12 or r = -0.13). Even though the causative agent of higher mortality in early blossoming trees was not confirmed unambiguously, it is desirable to select the best individuals only from the group of late blossoming ones during maintenance breeding of cv. Bergeron. These individuals should be used as prebasic material in a certification process and as basic material after prescribed repeated testing.
Keywords: apricot cv. Bergeron, precocious blossoming, decline
Journal: Horticultural Science
Pages: 59-66
Volume: 30
Issue: 2
Year: 2003
DOI: 10.17221/3816-HORTSCI
File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3816-HORTSCI.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: R. Pokluda
Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Faculty of Horticulture, Lednice, Czech Republic
Title: Comparison of selected characteristics of root parsley [Petroselinum crispum conv. radicosum (Alef.) Danert] cultivars
Abstract: An assortment of 15 cultivars of root parsley was studied in field experiments to evaluate morphological characteristics, market yield, content of selected minerals and nitrate content. Storage ability of roots was also assessed. Mean root weight ranged from 87 g (cv. Bartowich Long) to 129 g (cv. Atika). Root head diameter was from 39 mm (cv. Lange) to 49 mm (cv. Halflange Omega and Hamburg). Mean root yield amounted to 1.35 kg/m2 and the highest value was found in cv. Atika. Nitrate content did not exceed the tolerance limit ranging from 113 to 617 mg/kg of f.m. Mean content of K was 4,690 mg, Ca 124 mg, Mg 509 mg, and Na 425 mg/kg of f.m. Weight losses ranged from 10 to 32%; cv. Jadran showed the lowest value. Newer Czech cultivars (Atika, Jadran, Orbis) had a good commercial and growth potential.
Keywords: parsley, morphological characteristics, yield, nutritional value, storage ability, cultivar
Journal: Horticultural Science
Pages: 67-72
Volume: 30
Issue: 2
Year: 2003
DOI: 10.17221/3817-HORTSCI
File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3817-HORTSCI.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. Sedláková
Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: B. Kocourková
Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: L. Lojková
Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: V. Kubáň
Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brno, Czech Republic
Title: The essential oil content in caraway species (Carum carvi L.)
Abstract: Caraway fruits contain 1-6% of essential oils consisting of about 30 compounds, from which carvone and limonene account form the main portion, about 95%. To evaluate the quality of various caraway cultivars, the amounts of essential oils and the carvone/limonene ratio were measured. The most common method of essential oil evaluation is steam distillation in accordance with Standard ČSN 58 0110, but an alternative method - supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) - was also investigated in this paper. Ground caraway fruits were extracted under different SFE conditions (pressure, temperature, use of modifiers). Released compounds (carvone and limonene) were quantified by GC.
Keywords: supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), caraway seeds, carvone, limonene, gas chromatography (GC), cultivars
Journal: Horticultural Science
Pages: 73-79
Volume: 30
Issue: 2
Year: 2003
DOI: 10.17221/3818-HORTSCI
File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3818-HORTSCI.html
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