Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Goliáš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Němcová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Šuderlová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Title: Tolerance of plum (Prunus domestica L.) fruits stored in low-oxygen atmosphere Abstract: Plum fruits of the cultivars Stanley and Valjevka picked at the beginning of climacteric were stored in different storage atmospheres for 31 days at 3°C. The relations between the O2 and CO2 content during this period and after removal from the gas mixture to ethanol, acetaldehyde, non-volatile compounds and some textural values of fruits were investigated. Concentrations of ethanol in the flesh were related to levels of oxygen and CO2 in ambient atmosphere. In anaerobic conditions (< 0.2% O2) ethanol reached 1,109 mg/l for the cultivar Valjevka and 628 mg/l for Stanley. The results of single fruit analysis showed a steeply increasing concave curve of ethanol production in the period of anaerobic conditions, followed by the phase of a drop of the production rate in air stored fruit. The concentration of oxygen at a level of 0.9% (ultra low oxygen - ULO) does not physiologically harm the tissues of plums by producing mostly negligible content of ethanol and acetaldehyde, but an ethanol increase to half concentration after 31 days was observed to compare with anaerobic conditions in the cultivar Valjevka. From this aspect plums seem to be relatively sensitive to low oxygen. The post-storage period was extended up to 53 to 63 days, respectively. The senescence caused an increase in ethanol production rate that was exponentially increased after 20 days of cold storage atmosphere. The final concentration after 53 days was still higher for cv. Valjevka than for cv. Stanley at the respective content of 828 mg/land 498 mg/l. Skin firmness was differentiated for both cultivars, and softness was higher for the cultivar Valjevka. Keywords: ethanol, acetaldehyde, low oxygen, plums (Prunus domestica L.), firmness Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 1-6 Volume: 31 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3783-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3783-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200401-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:31:y:2004:i:1:id:3783-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Fischer Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Centre for Breeding Research, Institute for Fruit Breeding, Dresden-Pillnitz, Germany Author-Name: K. Richter Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Centre for Breeding Research, Institute for Fruit Breeding, Dresden-Pillnitz, Germany Author-Name: J. Blažek Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Centre for Breeding Research, Institute for Fruit Breeding, Dresden-Pillnitz, Germany Title: Testing of Czech cultivars and advanced selections of apples for fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) resistance Abstract: Five apple cultivars from the Czech Republic and 26 selections from the same country (a majority of them were resistant to scab) were included in the present study. M. robusta strain (Nr. 5) was used as a control with the highest level of resistance to fire blight. Another 7 cultivars with different levels of resistance or susceptibility to the disease were also evaluated. Selena and Nabella were found to be resistant, whereas Angold, Resista and Topaz were susceptible. Two HL selections were previously identified as highly resistant, 3 selections as medium resistant and 7 others as moderately susceptible. The rest of the 14 selections ranged from very high susceptible to medium susceptible. A high level of resistance was confirmed in 3 cultivars from Dresden-Pillnitz: Reanda, Remo and Rewena. Comparison of the parentage of the tested cultivars or selections with their level of resistance to fire blight suggests that most of the resistance comes from Malus floribunda, which was used in the course of their breeding as a donor of scab resistance. In one case, the source of the fire blight resistance was Starking Delicious cv. Keywords: Erwinia amylovora, apple, fire blight, resistance, cultivars, Czech Republic Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 7-11 Volume: 31 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3784-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3784-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200401-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:31:y:2004:i:1:id:3784-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Tomala Author-Workplace-Name: Warsaw Agriculture University, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: A. Soska Author-Workplace-Name: Warsaw Agriculture University, Warsaw, Poland Title: Effects of calcium and/or phosphorus sprays with different commercial preparations on quality and storability of Šampion apples Abstract: Investigations on the effect of spraying trees with various calcium, phosphorus and calcium-phosphorus preparations were carried out in 1999-2001. Effects of sprays depended on the type of preparation. Foliar calcium fertilization increased Ca concentration in apples; however, the effectiveness of the used fertilizer also depended on the season. A high calcium content in apples was measured when treated with the new Polish preparation Kalcisal. This effect was observed in all years of investigations. A better calcium supply affected the appearance of apples (usually more green background peel colouring, reflected in the chlorophyll content). In storage these fruits ripened later and lost less of their firmness than apples from control trees. With the higher calcium content in fruits the share of apples with physiological disorders decreased. The lowest losses of apples related to physiological disorders were observed when trees were sprayed with the solutions of Kalcisal or Rosacal. Keywords: Šampion apple, calcium and phosphorus sprays, quality and storability Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 12-16 Volume: 31 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3785-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3785-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200401-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:31:y:2004:i:1:id:3785-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Velimirov Author-Workplace-Name: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Biological Agriculture and Applied Ecology, Wien, Austria Title: Integrative methods of product quality assessment in connection with the P-value-determination (3 examples: food preference test, sensory evaluation and self-decomposition test) Abstract: On the basis of three examples the results of P-value determinations are presented in connection with the results of integrative test methods: food preference test with laboratory rats, sensory evaluations with consumers and self-decomposition tests. In all three cases a corresponding evidence regarding the relevant data as well as the differentiating factors fertiliser and/or cultivation systems could be demonstrated. In food preference tests with laboratory rats organically grown carrots (Tarvil cultivar) and beet roots (Formanova cultivar) were significantly preferred to the respective conventionally produced variants. The determination of electro-chemical parameters of these test products was carried out by R. Krautgartner at the Institute of Fruit Growing and Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences in Vienna. The P-values were lower in the organic products, thus indicating better quality. Sensory tests were applied to investigate the taste of differentlyk fertilised apples (Golden Delicious cultivar). The samples originated from a field trial at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing and Viticulture in Haidegg (Styria). In this case the lower P-values (measured by H. Keppel), the preference and the application of the organic fertiliser Agrobiosol, which has a favourable effect on soil microorganisms, were in keeping as well. A series of self-decomposition tests was carried out with spinach samples (Spinnaker F1 cultivar) from a field trial in Gerasdorf near Vienna (R. Krautgartner, Institute of Fruit Growing and Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences in Vienna), investigating the influence of 5 different fertilisers on product quality. The ranging of the samples according to the loss of dry matter during self-decomposition corresponded with the electro-chemical ranging: lower P-values, lower dry matter loss and a longer shelf life were found in the organically fertilised samples. The here presented concurring data obtained from different integrative quality tests in connection with cultivation methods clearly indicate the advantage and the value of multiperspective research projects. Keywords: product quality, organic/biological agriculture, P-value determination, food preference test, sensory evaluation, self- decomposition test Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 17-21 Volume: 31 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3786-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3786-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200401-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:31:y:2004:i:1:id:3786-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Hanzelka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Lednice, Author-Name: F. Kobza Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Lednice, Title: Genome induced mutation in Callistephus chinensis Ness. - evaluation of plant fertility and seed characteristics Abstract: Thousand seed weight (TSW, g), achene size (mm) and fertility were evaluated in polyploid plants of C0 (1999) and C1 (2000) generations. The fertility of polyploid plants was usually very low (more than 10× compared to diploid plants). Only one plant (genotype A (tm) 1) was found as a tetraploid individual with anomalously high fertility, high TSW and large size of achenes. TSW in polyploid plants was 2.6-4.13 g, in diploid plants 2.0-2.3 g. The achene size was mostly about 3.7 mm (diploid plants) and 4.0-4.8 mm (polyploid plants). Achene (seed) size and thousand seed weight (TSW) can be classified among indirect identification methods (size of stomata, number of chloroplasts in guard cells, etc.) of polyploid plants. Keywords: Callistephus chinensis, China aster, polyploidy, plant fertility, seed characteristics Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 22-26 Volume: 31 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3787-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3787-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200401-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:31:y:2004:i:1:id:3787-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Burak Author-Workplace-Name: Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute, Yalova, Turkey Author-Name: H. Samanci Author-Workplace-Name: Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute, Yalova, Turkey Author-Name: M. Büyükyilmaz Author-Workplace-Name: Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute, Yalova, Turkey Title: Winter frost resistance of Hayward and Matua kiwifruit cultivars Abstract: This study was carried out in Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute at Yalova in 1996 and 1997 in order to determine the frost resistance ability of fruit buds of Hayward and Matua cultivars by artificial freezing tests during winter months. Twig samples for artificial freezing tests were taken one week after defoliation, and at three-week intervals throughout the winter. The buds were exposed to temperatures of -10°C, -13°C and -15°C for 2, 4 and 6 hours. Then they were planted in a greenhouse for survival tests. It was found that -13°C and -15°C were very harmful temperatures for both cultivars even for the duration of 2 hours at -150C. On the other hand, both cultivars could resist to -10°C for the duration of 6 hours. In general, Hayward is more sensitive to frost than Matua. Both cultivars showed higher resistance in February. As a result, Hayward and Matua cultivars could be grown safely in areas with as low temperatures as -10°C in winter months. Keywords: kiwifruit, frost resistance, freezing tests, Hayward, Matua Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 27-30 Volume: 31 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3788-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3788-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200401-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:31:y:2004:i:1:id:3788-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Sústriková Author-Workplace-Name: 2 Author-Name: I. Šalamon Author-Workplace-Name: 2 Title: Essential oil of peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) from fields in Eastern Slovakia Abstract: The peppermint, Mentha × piperita L., is a plant that represents the oldest and traditional medicinal herbs used in both Eastern and Western traditions until recent time. The peppermint has a history of use in herbal medicine dating back to the ancient Egyptian, Greek and Roman times (Murray 1995) although it need not have been used for the same reasons. The large therapeutic effects of peppermint dry drug as well as essential oil in human medicine caused the peppermint to be appreciated by the pharmaceutical industry. The world peppermint production is realized by large-scale cultivation using suitable intensive practices. Studies of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of peppermint essential oil produced under the agroecological conditions of Eastern Slovakia confirmed its high composition quality considering the heavy metal contamination. At the same time, the determination of peppermint essential oil composition in comparison with the analysis of peppermint oil produced in the other parts of the world suggested its competitive quality parameters in the world market. A suitable menthol content of peppermint of Slovakian provenience predestinates this peppermint gene material for the breeding of new cultivars opposite to foreign ones and its introduction into agricultural conditions. Keywords: peppermint, Mentha × piperita L., qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oil, Eastern Slovakia Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 31-36 Volume: 31 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3789-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3789-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200401-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:31:y:2004:i:1:id:3789-HORTSCI