Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Vávra Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Blažek Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Mazánek Author-Workplace-Name: Šampima, Rovensko pod Troskami, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Bartoníček Author-Workplace-Name: Libonice, Hořice, Czech Republic Title: The economics of modern plum orchards in the Czech Republic Abstract: This paper deals with an evaluation of the economics in two commercial plum orchards which were established between 1993-1997 using dense tree-spacing and modern principles of orchard management. This evaluation was conducted in 1994-2004 with the following cultivars: Bluefre, Common Prune, Čačanska lepotica, Čačanska najbolja, Gabrovska, Hamanova, Opal, President, Ruth Gerstetter,Stanley, and Valjevka. Orchard establishment costs, pruning costs, annual orchard operating and pest management costs and returns up to 11 years of growth are given. A denser planting had a positive influence on total yields per hectare with higher returns. Costs per ton of fruit mostly varied between 4 and 7 thousand CZK, whereas farmer prices fluctuated between 7.6 to 13.6 thousand CZK per ton. The highest returns after seven years of growth from one hectare were exhibited by the cultivar President on rootstock St. Julien A in the spacing 4 × 2.5 m followed by the cultivar Stanley on rootstock Myrobalan and the same spacing. Keywords: plum, cultivars, yields, costs, duration of pruning, economics, returns Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 47-56 Volume: 33 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3739-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3739-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200602-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:33:y:2006:i:2:id:3739-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Celik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Kurupelit-Samsun, Turkey Author-Name: H. Zenginbal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Kurupelit-Samsun, Turkey Author-Name: M. Ozcan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Kurupelit-Samsun, Turkey Title: Effect of budding performed by hand and with manual grafting unit on kiwifruit propagation in the field Abstract: The kiwifruit cultivar Hayward was grafted on three-year-old seedling rootstocks of the same cultivar in field conditions. Inverted T-budding, chip-budding, conventional local T-budding by hand and chip-budding with manual grafting unit were used as budding types. All budding operations were done on the 15th May in 2002 and 2003. The hand chip-budding gave the highest bud-take (98.34%), sprouting rate (91.67%), shoot diameter (6.84 mm) and shoot length (58.07 cm). The manual chip-budding grafting unit also performed well but it was more time consuming and gave lower graft success. Keywords: Actinidia, machine and hand budding, budding, field conditions Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 57-60 Volume: 33 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3740-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3740-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200602-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:33:y:2006:i:2:id:3740-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Obdržálek Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Jílková Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Title: Winter grafting of oaks Quercus L. Abstract: In the years 1999-2004 the propagation technology of winter grafting was studied in five oak taxa: Quercus frainetto, Q. macranthera, Q. pubescens ssp. anatolica, Q. virgiliana and Q. robur Fastigiata. These species are suitable for the needs of intravilan revitalization and for various types of landscape. The yield (%) of one-year-old oak grafted plants (X/1/0) was evaluated in percentage by the portion of saleable grafted plants. In the year 2004 the yield of 75 to 97% was achieved. According to the numbers of young grafts (X/1/0) at the heights 15-30 cm, 30-50 cm, 50-80 cm it was possible to asset the prices and revenues. Grafts destined for expedition have been sold to nurseries in theCzechRepublic. The best quality oaks of known origin (X/1/1 and X/1/2) have served to found a mother stock and clone archives in the Dendrological garden Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening at Průhonice. Keywords: oak - Quercus, taxon, propagation technology, winter grafting, rootstocks, scions, splice graft, cleft graft, propagation house, yield of 1-year-old grafted plants Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 61-69 Volume: 33 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3741-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3741-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200602-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:33:y:2006:i:2:id:3741-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. A. Murkute Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India Author-Name: S. Sharma Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India Author-Name: S. K. Singh Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Fruit and Horticultural Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India Title: Studies on salt stress tolerance of citrus rootstock genotypes with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Abstract: Citrus is grouped under the salt sensitive crops. Mycorrhizal fungi, a symbiotic relationship between plant roots and beneficial fungi, are supposed to impart the stress tolerance in the host plants. The stress tolerance improved due to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) colonization can be attributed to enhanced mineral nutrition. In the present study the efforts are made to evaluate the effectiveness of AM fungi with two citrus genotypes under salt stress. Three-month-old seedlings of Karna Khatta (Citrus Karna) and Troyer Citrange (Poncirus trifoliata × Citrus sinensis) were inoculated with the indigenous soil based AM inocula (mixed strains). The salinity gradient was developed by frequent irrigation with NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150 mM w/v). The results indicated that all the physical parameters were affected with increasing salinity. The proline accumulation increased while the chlorophyll, calcium and magnesium contents decreased significantly with increasing salinity. In general, the decreased AM colonization did not show any significant effects under salt stress. Keywords: Citrus karna, Poncirus trifoliata × Citrus sinensis, NaCl, mycorrhiza, proline, sugars, chlorophyll Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 70-76 Volume: 33 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3742-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3742-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200602-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:33:y:2006:i:2:id:3742-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Kashyap Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India Author-Name: S. Sharma Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India Title: In vitro selection of salt tolerant Morus alba and its field performance with bioinoculants Abstract: In vitro selected salt tolerant saplings of Morus alba (cv. Sujanpuri) were raised from nodal explants with axillary buds collected during three different periods of the year. The growth and shoot/root multiplication of the nodal explants collected between November to February and July to October were found to be better than those collected between March to June. In cultures, shoot multiplication was induced by the application of 2.5 mg/l of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.3 mg/l of gibberellic acid (GA3), while rooting by 1.0 mg/l of indolebutyric acid (IBA). Sodium chloride (NaCl) was added to induce salt stress and its concentration was gradually increased from 0.1% (w/v) onwards. The salt tolerance was observed up to 0.4% (w/v) NaCl and 100% mortality of explants was noted above this concentration. The inclusion of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and Azotobacter chroococcum to tissue culture of raised saplings during acclimatization enhanced their survival and resulted in a significant increase of plant growth. After the transfer of plants to salt affected wasteland, only NaCl-treated saplings survived, whereas those developed without NaCl resulted in 100% mortality. Keywords: in vitro, mulberry, NaCl, AM fungi, Azotobacter Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 77-86 Volume: 33 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3743-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3743-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200602-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:33:y:2006:i:2:id:3743-HORTSCI