Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Blažek Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kloutvorová Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Křelinová Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy, Czech Republic Title: Incidence of storage diseases on apples of selected cultivars and advanced selections grown with and without fungicide treatments Abstract: In the course of a 3-year study the natural occurrence of storage diseases in ambient air storage with 1 to 2°C was evaluated on samples of 30 cultivars and advanced selections that were harvested from orchards with and without the use of fungicide treatments. Based upon the frequency of occurrence, bitter rot and grey mould were the most common diseases in this study followed by blue mould and brown rot. Fungicide treatments applied in the orchard with integrated plant protection reduced total fruit rotting with different cultivars two to four times. Significant losses caused by rotting usually took place in the last quarter of the normal storage life of each cultivar, but in the case of samples treated with fungicides it was mostly during the last month. Cultivars Angold, Gala, Florina, Melodie and Meteor proved to be partially resistant to the storage diseases, but the smallest shares of rotted fruits were recorded on apples of Zuzana andMelrose. Still, five advanced selections proved not to be so affected by fruit rotting asMelrose and Zuzana, from which HL 237 and HL 390 were the most remarkable. The majority of selections with resistance to storage diseases as well as Zuzana cv. contain Glockenapfel cv. in their pedigree. Keywords: apples, storage diseases, cultivars, advanced selections, bitter rot, grey mould, blue mould, brown rot, tolerance, resistance Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 87-94 Volume: 33 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3744-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3744-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200603-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:33:y:2006:i:3:id:3744-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Lachman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Šulc Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Sus Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Pavlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Polyphenol content and antiradical activity in different apple varieties Abstract: Polyphenols are important antioxidant constituents of apples and they contribute positively to human health because they possess an antiradical activity. Fifteen apple varieties were analysed for their total polyphenol content (TP) by two methods - by Folin-Ciocalteau reagent (FC) and by EBC method with carboxylmethylcellulose/sodium ethylendiamintetraacetate (CMC/EDTA) and their antiradical activity (ARA) by DPPH method using stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.). TP and ARA were determined in freshly expressed apple juice and apples and obtained results were statistically evaluated. The differences between varieties were significant. The correlation between TP content determined by FC method determining all free aromatic hydroxyls and EBC method determining mainly ortho-aromatic hydroxyls was found with r = 0.73. The highest differences among analysed varieties were found for ARA values in both, juice and apples and for TP content determined by FC in apples. High polyphenol content was found in Jonagold, Jonalord, Melodie and Melrose varieties both, in apples and juices; on the contrary low TP contents were estimated in Gloster and Rosana varieties. The highest ARA levels were found inRajka,Bohemia andMelrose varieties, compared to low ARA levels found in apple fruits of Šampion and Topaz varieties. Keywords: apple varieties, apple juice, polyphenols, antiradical aktivity Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 95-102 Volume: 33 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3745-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3745-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200603-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:33:y:2006:i:3:id:3745-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Title: Dynamics of changes in total anthocyanins during the fermentative maceration of grapes Abstract: This paper deals with the results of studies on changes in the content of total anthocyanins depending on their fermentative maceration from grapes of traditional Moravian cultivars (Blauer Portugieser, Saint Laurent and Blaufrankisch). Colouring matters were macerated in the course of alcoholic fermentation either in a closed rotary tank or in an open tank with a periodically plunging pulp cap. The losses resulting from adsorption of anthocyanins on yeast biomass were quantified. Concentration losses of anthocyanins were also observed in the course of fermentation of musts made of teinturier grape cultivars Alibernet and Neronet, when the skins of berries were separated. The process of fermentative maceration of anthocyanins from grape skins consisted of three dynamically different stages. In the stage with the exponential increase in the content of anthocyanins no significant differences were observed between the closed rotary tank technique and the open tank technique with periodic plunging of pulp cap. It was demonstrated that the losses of anthocyanins took place during the whole process of fermentation. The correlation between the anthocyanin losses and the production of yeast biomass was statistically highly significant. Keywords: vinification, anthocyanin extraction, anthocyanin losses, yeast biomass Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 103-107 Volume: 33 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3746-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3746-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200603-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:33:y:2006:i:3:id:3746-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Homutová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Blažek Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy, Czech Republic Title: Differences in fruit skin thickness between selected apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars assessed by histological and sensory methods Abstract: In total 20 grown cultivars and advanced selections were included in a two-year study of apple skin thickness. The mean skin thickness of single cultivars measured on classical histological sections through the skin varied from 33.3 μm to 73.1 μm. The late ripening cultivars (Resista,Melrose, Angold and Zuzana) had a thicker skin than the earlier ripening ones. Direct measurements of the apple skin showed that its thickness was not uniform but variable to a great extent between single slices even within a very short distance. The magnitude of variability seemed to be also somewhat dependent on the cultivar. The skin thickness was significantly influenced by the year in some cultivars. The greatest difference in this respect was found in Gala Must where the skin was much thicker in 2003 than 2004. A close relationship was found between the varietal means of skin thickness obtained by direct measurement and corresponding mean scores of panellists. The values of Idared and Topaz were notably remote from the regression line. This disagreement was probably related to different skin structures of both cultivars. Keywords: apple, skin, thickness, histology, sensory evaluation, cultivars, relationship Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 108-113 Volume: 33 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3747-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3747-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200603-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:33:y:2006:i:3:id:3747-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Valšíková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Vegetables, Nové Zámky, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Viteková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Vegetables, Nové Zámky, Slovak Republic Title: The effect of Lignofert organic fertilizer on formation and quality of head lettuce yield Abstract: Nowadays soils for vegetable growing are poor in humus because the possibility of using stable dung is limited. The application of Lignofert organic carbonaceous fertilizer made of ground lignite seems to be a solution. It is intended as a fertilizer for the field or greenhouse growing of vegetables, as a component to composts, soil substrates and likewise. Lignofert effects on the formation of lettuce yield, weight of heads and NaNO3 content were studied in 2003 to 2005. Head lettuce grown in a greenhouse and in field conditions was a biological material. Average lettuce yields and average weight of heads in 2005 were statistically highly significantly higher in variants with Lignofert in comparison with the control variant grown in the greenhouse and in the field. The Lignofert effect on nitrate content in lettuce heads was not proved statistically. Keywords: Lignofert - organic carbonaceous fertilizer, head lettuce, quality, yield Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 114-118 Volume: 33 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3748-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3748-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200603-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:33:y:2006:i:3:id:3748-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Çetinbaş Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey Author-Name: F. Koyuncu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey Title: Improving germination of Prunus avium L. seeds by gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate and thiourea Abstract: To break dormancy and increase the germination of Prunus avium L. (mazzard cherry) seeds, various methods were tested including the removal of the seed coat after cold moist stratification and treatment with GA3, KNO3, or thiourea. Treatments with 7,500 ppm KNO3 after 120 days of stratification were more effective, yielding 64.54% germination of seeds with coat. In seeds without coat, 500 ppm GA3 treatment after 120 days of stratification gave 79.74% germination; a value increased about 29% compared to control. Keywords: dormancy, germination, gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate, Prunus avium L., seed, thiourea Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 119-123 Volume: 33 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3750-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3750-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200603-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:33:y:2006:i:3:id:3750-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Usman Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Tissue Culture Cell, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author-Name: T. Saeed Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Tissue Culture Cell, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author-Name: M. M. Khan Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Tissue Culture Cell, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author-Name: B. Fatima Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Tissue Culture Cell, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Title: Occurrence of spontaneous polyploids in Citrus Abstract: Seedlings recovered from underdeveloped seeds of different commercial cultivars of Citrus were studied for their ploidy level. Cytological examination revealed that maximum triploid plants were found in lime Kaghzi (15.5%) followed by grapefruit Foster, mandarin Kinnow, sweet orange Musambi and mandarin Feutrell's Early (7.3%). Lime also produced the highest percentage of tetraploids (9.1%) followed by mandarin Kinnow and grapefruit Foster, while the minimum was found in mandarin Feutrell's Early. The polyploids were transplanted in pots and after hardening they were grown in the greenhouse for further morphological and genetic assays. Keywords: polyploids, Citrus aurantifolia, C. paradisi, C. reticulate, C. sinensis Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 124-129 Volume: 33 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3751-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3751-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200603-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:33:y:2006:i:3:id:3751-HORTSCI