Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Blažek Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy, Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pištěková Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy, Holovousy, Czech Republic Title: Preliminary evaluation results of new plum cultivars in a dense planting Abstract: Sixteen new plum cultivars mostly bred in Germany were tested together with several standards in a high density experimental orchard established at Holovousy in the spring of 2004 with spacing 5 × 1.5 m. Trees were trained as spindles on St. Julian A rootstock. In the orchard the following characteristics were evaluated: tree vigour based upon measuring of trunk-cross section area and canopy volume, yields, time of flowering, time of fruit ripening and basic parameters of fruit quality. The highest yields and precocity of fruiting were recorded on cultivars Tophit, Jojo, Elena, and President, whereas the least productive were Ruth Gerstetter, Anna Späth, and Topgigant Plus. Cultivars Katinka, Jojo, Topper, and Empress had the highest values of yield efficiency whilst the lowest ones were recorded on Topgigant Plus and Anna Späth. All evaluated cultivars were characterized by mean start of fruit ripening and length of harvest period. Topgigant Plus had the largest fruits (mean 75.9 g) followed by Bluefre, Empress and Tophit, whereas the smallest ones were recorded in Katinka, Gabrovská and Valjevka. The highest scores for fruit quality were given to Hanita, Tophit and Presenta. New cultivar Tophit was the most remarkable regarding all evaluated characteristics including its time of ripening that would prolong the season of commercially grown fresh fruit cultivars for use in the Czech Republic. Keywords: plum, cultivars, tree vigour, time of ripening, yields, fruit size, fruit quality Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 45-54 Volume: 36 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/3/2009-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3/2009-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200902-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:36:y:2009:i:2:id:3-2009-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Adamčíková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Branch for Woody Plants Biology, Slovakia Author-Name: M. Kobza Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Branch for Woody Plants Biology, Slovakia Author-Name: G. Juhásová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Branch for Woody Plants Biology, Slovakia Title: The development of population structure of Cryphonectria parasitica on European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in the Experimental Castanetarium Horné Lefantovce, observed over a 12-year study period Abstract: : We studied occurrence of chestnut blight disease in the Experimental Castanetarium Horné Lefantovce, SW Slovakia. The study ran in years 2006-2007 on a set consisting of 889 chestnut trees growing in the clonal orchard on Biological Plot 105. From this number, 857 trees were found healthy without disease symptoms. The chestnut blight disease was identified on 32 of them. The infected trees were examined for presence of pycnidia and perithecia of the causal agent. In all positive cases, the observed morphological characters indicated virulency of the obtained isolates. No hypovirulent isolate was detected on the evaluated experimental plot. In total, six vegetative compatibility (vc) types were specified in the sample consisting of 31 isolates. Our vc types corresponded to the European vc types EU 2, EU 12, EU 13, EU 14, EU 17, EU 19. Two vc types - EU 2 and EU 19 - were dominant. Vc type EU 19 accounted 35.5% and EU 2 32.2% of isolates. The vc type EU 19, which was the most frequent one in the evaluated site, was detected in Slovakia for the first time. Keywords: chestnut blight, Castanea sativa vegetative compatibility types Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 55-60 Volume: 36 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/30/2008-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/30/2008-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200902-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:36:y:2009:i:2:id:30-2008-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Boronkay Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Fruitgrowing and Ornamentals, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: E. Jámbor-Benczúr Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Floriculture and Dendrology, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: Á. Máthé Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, University of West Hungary, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary Title: Colour stability of the flowers of some rose varieties measured in CIEDE2000 Abstract: A variety trial has been carried out to study the colour stability of the flowers of some modern garden roses, especially of Hungarian varieties. 100 floribundas and polyanthas were observed. Colours of the petals were examined at three phenological stages of flowering: at bud opening and at the phenophase of young open flowers and aged open flowers. The colours were described in the 40° rotated CIE LCh model, and the differences were compared according to the CIEDE2000 standard. Our work has demonstrated Hungarian varieties with excellent colour stability present in each studied class. It has also been verified that the Hungarian bred floribundas had a lower colour shift than the polyanthas or climbing roses. The best Hungarian floribundas were Pest and Reményik Sándor emléke. None of the Western-European roses excelled them in the colour stability. The majority of the best roses are red, orange-red or dark red, which might indicate that the colour stability is not independent of the main hue of flowers. Keywords: rose, floribunda, polyantha, colour stability, CIE LCh, CIEDE2000 Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 61-68 Volume: 36 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1531-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1531-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200902-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:36:y:2009:i:2:id:1531-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Habán Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Herbology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia Author-Name: P. Otepka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Herbology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia Author-Name: Ľ. Kobida Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Herbology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia Author-Name: M. Habánová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia Title: Production and quality of milk thistle (Silybum marianum[L.] Gaertn.) cultivated in cultural conditions of warm agri-climatic macroregion Abstract: A polyfactorial field experiment was established and investigated during vegetation periods from 2004 to 2007 at the Dolná Malanta locality (Nitra district, Slovakia). The following parameters were measured: (1) yields of milk thistle (Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn.) achenes, i.e. fruits, in 2004-2007; (2) content of silymarin in dry fruits of milk thistle in 2006-2007; and (3) total yields of silymarin per ha in 2006-2007. Factors of the experiment were as follows: (1) crop residues of cultivated pre-crop (no crop residues - K, with crop residues - R); (2) cultivation of freezing-out intercrop (no intercrop - B, with intercrop - M); (3) fertilization using artificial fertilizers (no fertilization - O, with fertilization - F); (4) year of cultivation (2004-2007). The highest yields of milk thistle fruits were recorded in 2006: from 1,426.5 kg/ha (RBO variant - incorporated crop residues without intercrop, no artificial fertilizers) to 1,832.0 kg/ha (KBF variant - without crop residues, without intercrop and with application of artificial fertilizers). The highest content of silymarin complex in dry fruits of milk thistle was measured in 2007: from 15.14 mg/kg (RMF - with crop residues, intercrop and fertilization) to 20.01 mg/kg (KBO - without crop residues, intercrop and fertilization). The highest total yield of silymarin per ha was recorded in investigated variants in 2006; in variant without crop residues it ranged from 16.45 kg/ha (KMF - with intercrop, with fertilizers) to 24.62 kg/ha (KMO - with intercrop, no fertilization). Keywords: active ingredients, drug, milk thistle, quantitative-qualitative parameters, Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn., yield Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 69-74 Volume: 36 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/38/2008-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/38/2008-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200902-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:36:y:2009:i:2:id:38-2008-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Kalbarczyk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Meteorology and Climatology, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Title: Air temperature changes and phenological phases of field cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Poland, 1966-2005 Abstract: The aim of the work was to determine whether and how the frequently observed trends in air temperature changes affect the dates of phenophases of field cucumber (pickling variety) cultivated in Poland. Completion of the task included gathering of monthly and seasonal data concerning average air temperature in the vegetation seasonn of cucumber collected from 53 stations of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management and of phenological and agrotechnical dates collected from 28 experimental stations of the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing over 1966-2005 all over Poland. Dependence between the dates of phenological phases and average air temperature, thein trend and the size of the changes for the 40-year research period of 1966-2005 were determined on the basis of a linear regression analysis. Moreover, the generalized cluster analysis was employed to group years, similar in terms of the course of cucumber phenophases: emergence, flowering and fruit setting, together with thermal conditions of air in the period preceding their occurrence. If the current tendencies hold slight acceleration of phenophases: emergence (+1.2 days/10 years), flowering (+1.9 days/10 years), fruit setting (+2.1 days/10 years) and growing acceleration of the dates of harvesting (the beginning by +3.1 days/10 years, and the end by +6.4 days/10 years), it leads to the shortening of the fructification period and it may thus deteriorate conditions for achieving good cucumber yields in Poland. Keywords: cucumber, phenology, climate change in Poland, linear trend Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 75-83 Volume: 36 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/49/2008-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/49/2008-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-200902-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:36:y:2009:i:2:id:49-2008-HORTSCI