Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: Index of Volume 37 Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: I-II Volume: 37 Issue: 4 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/896-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/896-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:37:y:2010:i:4:id:896-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Kosina Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy, Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Title: Effect of dwarfing and semi dwarfing apple rootstocks on growth and productivity of selected apple cultivars Abstract: Fourteen clonal apple rootstocks (M.9, M.26, M.27, MM.106, J-TE-E, J-TE-F, J-TE-G, J-TE-H, J-OH-A, Jork 9, Pajam 1, Pajam 2, Burgmer M.9-751, and Burgmer M.9-984) were tested in two experimental orchards established in the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy using scion cultivars Golden Delicious, Melrose, Jonagold, Rubin, and Florina. Following characteristics were recorded: yield, trunk circumference, suckering. Rootstocks Jork 9, Pajam 1, Pajam 2, M.9-751, and M.9-984 produced better results than original rootstock M.9. Clone J-TE-E favourably affected fruit-bearing of the Rubin cultivar. The growth vigour of trees grafted on Pajam 2, M.9-751, and M.9-984 was somewhat larger than those on M.9. Rootstock J-TE-H was semi-vigorous and grafted trees had low yield efficiency. Clone Pajam 1 had the similar growth vigour as M.9. Trees on Jork 9 grew significantly weakly in comparison with M.9. The rootstocks J-OH-A and J-TE-F produced a lot of suckers. The following rootstocks were recommended for growing in commercial plantations: Jork 9, Pajam 1, Pajam 2, M.9-751, and M.9-984. Keywords: apple, rootstock, growth vigour, yield efficiency, suckering Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 121-126 Volume: 37 Issue: 4 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/20/2010-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/20/2010-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201004-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:37:y:2010:i:4:id:20-2010-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Blažková Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy, Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Drahošová Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy, Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Hlušičková Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy, Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Title: Tree vigour, cropping, and phenology of sweet cherries in two systems of tree training on dwarf rootstocks Abstract: Five cultivars and four rootstocks (Gisela 5, P-HL-A, P-HL-B, and Tabel Edabriz) were evaluated on trees in fruiting stage trained like spindle and on trellis. Tree vigour was significantly related to cultivar, rootstock and to tree training. Spindles were generally more vigorous than trees on trellis with exception of cv. Kordia. In several cases special combinations of cultivar, rootstock, and method of tree training differed significantly from mean effects of the three factors. Time of flowering was significantly dependent on the cultivar and varied annually within 15 days. Time of fruit harvest was also influenced by the rootstock and in two cases mutually contradictory to the tree training method. Yields per tree were generally dependent on the cultivar. With Burlat and cv. Kordia rootstock and tree training were also important. Higher specific yields were recorded on trellis-trained trees. Remarkable in this respect were Vanda and trees of Summit on P-HL-B and Starking Hardy Giant on Tabel Edabriz. Higher specific yields on spindle had Kordia on P-HL-A and Tabel Edabriz and Burlat on P-HL-A. Mean values of annual yields per hectare in spindle ranged between 10.0 to 17.5 t whereas in trellis between 6.7 to 12.3 t. The absolute highest annual yield (35.7 t) was recorded on spindle trees of Kordia on P-HL-A. In trellis the highest yield of 27.1 t had Kordia on Gisela 5. The advantage of spindle over trellis was greater in Burlat and Kordia but much lower in cv. Vanda. Fruit size mainly depended on the year. Only two rootstocks influenced fruit size differently in some years. Training system had no effect on fruit size. Keywords: sweet cherry, rootstocks, cultivars, tree training, tree vigour, yields, yield efficiency, time of flowering, time of ripening, fruit size, relationships Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 127-138 Volume: 37 Issue: 4 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/60/2010-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/60/2010-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201004-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:37:y:2010:i:4:id:60-2010-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Psota Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Ouředníčková Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy, Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Falta Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Praha-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Control of Hoplocampa testudinea using the extract from Quassia amara in organic apple growing Abstract: In 2008 and 2009 the effects of quassin and neoquassin (oxygenated triterpenes) on apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea Klug, 1814) were studied. In the Czech Republic, monitoring was carried out in small-plot trials and in one laboratory experiment. The extract containing quassin and neoquassin was made by boiling wood chips of a tropical shrub Quassia amara L. (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae). The experimental dosages were 3, 4.5, 6, and 9.25 kg of wood chips/ha. Spray treatment with the quassia extract was carried out just before most larvae hatched out. It was statistically proven that the extract from the wood of Q. amara reduced the apple sawfly infestation of fruitlets. Extract in the dosage corresponding to 3-4.5 kg of quassia wood chips for 1/ha appeared as optimal. The efficacy of these dosages was approximately 40-50%, and the efficacy above 80% was record. Keywords: apple orchard, organic farming, Malus domestica, pest control, apple sawfly Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 139-144 Volume: 37 Issue: 4 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/76/2009-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/76/2009-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201004-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:37:y:2010:i:4:id:76-2009-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Goliáš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Products, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Hic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Products, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kaňová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Products, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Title: Effect of low oxygen storage conditions on volatile emissions and anaerobic metabolite concentrations in two plum fruit cultivars Abstract: By harvest time, small amounts of acetaldehyde were accumulated in the flesh of plums, such as 0.31 mg/l for the cv. Stanley and 1.03 mg/l for the cv. Valjevka. This relative difference in concentrations remained constant throughout the whole period of storage in a regular atmosphere. The long-term effects of higher concentrations of CO2 are the same as for very low oxygen concentrations; and significant amounts of ethanol accumulate in the tissue. Out of a total number of 42 different odour compounds identified in the juice, there were 11 alcohols, 6 aldehydes, 17 esters, 2 terpenes, 3 organic acids, and 1 lactone. Very low oxygen atmospheres slow down the production of esters and aldehydes, but have little effect on the production of lactones and terpenes. It was shown that a very low oxygen concentration, without much CO2 (Fluctuating anaerobiosis treatment), does not encourage the production of significant amounts of ethanol and acetaldehyde in the fruit flesh, but does significantly slow the biosynthesis of aromatic volatiles. Keywords: plum fruit, volatiles, ethanol, acetaldehyde, firmness, headspace gas analysis Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 145-154 Volume: 37 Issue: 4 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/78/2009-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/78/2009-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201004-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:37:y:2010:i:4:id:78-2009-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N.G. Tzortzakis Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Hydroponic's and Aromatic Plants, Institute for Olive Tree and Subtropical Plants of Chania, National Agriculture Research Foundation of Greece, Chania, Greece Title: Potassium and calcium enrichment alleviate salinity-induced stress in hydroponically grown endives Abstract: Salinity either of soil or of irrigation water causes disturbance in plant growth and nutrient balance and reduces crop yields. The effects of NaCl salinity and/or calcium or potassium level on the plant growth and severity of gray mold (Botrytis cinerea [De Bary] Whetzel) were investigated in endive (Cichorium endivia L., cv. Green Curled) grown with the nutrient film technique under greenhouse conditions during early spring. Plants were supplied with nutrient solutions containing 40 mmol/l of sodium chloride (NaCl) and/or 10 mmol/l potassium sulphate (K2SO4). Additionally, plants treated with foliar spray of 15 mmol/l calcium nitrate [(CaNO3)2] or distilled water. Salinity or K- and Ca-enrichment mainly affected the upper part of endive plants and reduced leaf area. However, when salinity combined with either K- or Ca-enrichment, the negative impact of salinity on plant growth was reversed. Salinized and/or K- and Ca-enriched, plants did not differ in plant biomass, leaf/root ratio, leaf fresh weight, leaf number, and root length. Salinity did not have any impacts on photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration. Indeed, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance increased with Ca foliar application and decreased with K while the opposite effects were observed for the intercellular CO2 concentration. Total nutrient uptake was reduced 2-fold in salt-treated plants compared to controls. No symptoms of tip-burn or blackheart were recorded throughout the experimental study. Endive grown in the nutrient film technique had tolerance to NaCl salinity, and this method could be used to exploit saline water in soilless culture. These findings also suggest that a proper management of the salt concentration of the nutrient solution plus external elemental enrichment may provide an efficient tool to improve the quality of leafy vegetables with little effect on yield. Keywords: calcium foliar spay, Cichorium endivia, growth, nutrient film technique, potassium, salinity, soilless culture Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 155-162 Volume: 37 Issue: 4 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/1/2010-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1/2010-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201004-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:37:y:2010:i:4:id:1-2010-HORTSCI