Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Schovánková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Preservation and Meat Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Opatová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Preservation and Meat Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Defensive reactions of apple cultivars Angold and HL 1834 after fungal infection Abstract: Apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) were inoculated with a significant apple fruit fungal pathogen, Monilinia fructigena Honey ex Whetzel. Defensive reactions, especially enzyme activity and production of phenolic compounds, were compared. Changes of phenolic content and activity of phenylalanine-ammonia lyase (PAL) were determined 7, 14 and 21 days after the inoculation. Progress of rotting was similar for both cultivars at first but defensive reactions were different. The increase of phenolic compounds was observed; their concentration and composition were influenced by location in the fruit. A very good correlation was found between the activity of phenylalanine-ammonia lyase and total phenolic content. Keywords: apples, Monilinia fructigena, phenolic compounds, phenylalanine-ammonia lyase Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 87-95 Volume: 38 Issue: 3 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/37/2010-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/37/2010-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201103-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:38:y:2011:i:3:id:37-2010-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Van Laere Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Applied Genetics and Breeding, Melle, Belgium Author-Name: J. Van Huylenbroeck Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Applied Genetics and Breeding, Melle, Belgium Author-Name: E. Van Bockstaele Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Applied Genetics and Breeding, Melle, Belgium Title: Introgression of yellow flower colour in Buddleja davidii by means of polyploidisation and interspecific hybridisation Abstract: To introduce yellow colour in the commercial Buddleja davidii (2n = 4x = 76) assortment, an interspecific breeding programme with B. globosa (2n = 2x = 38) was started. The first step was to perform chromosome doubling in B. globosa. Two of the obtained tetraploid B. globosa plants were subsequently used as male parent in interspecific crosses with the white flowering B. davidii cv. Nanhoensis Alba. In total 182 interspecific crosses were made and 18 F1 hybrids were obtained. Genome size measurements, chromosome counts and genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH) analysis proved the hybrid nature of most of the F1 hybrids. Plant morphology also expressed hybrid characteristics. F1 seedlings inherited the yellowish flower colour from B. globosa. As for many other woody ornamentals, the creation of hybrids through interspecific hybridisation along with polyploidisation offers new opportunities for breeding in Buddleja. Keywords: chromosome number, genome size, genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH), morphology, ornamental breeding Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 96-103 Volume: 38 Issue: 3 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/61/2011-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/61/2011-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201103-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:38:y:2011:i:3:id:61-2011-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P.M.P. Mornya Author-Workplace-Name: College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China Author-Workplace-Name: School of Forestry and Horticulture, Njala University, Sierra Leone Author-Name: F.Y. Cheng Author-Workplace-Name: College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China Author-Name: H.Y. Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China Title: Chronological changes in plant hormone and sugar contents in cv. Ao-Shuang autumn flowering tree peony Abstract: Successive secondary flowering is critical for tree peony industry. Varying the levels of hormones and sugars are reported to influence plant flowering. This study analyses quantitative changes in the levels of endogenous hormones [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA3)] and carbohydrates (sucrose, reducing sugar and starch) in the buds of cv. Ao-Shuang tree peony during autumn and spring flowering seasons. The study shows different levels of hormones (ABA, IAA and GA3) and carbohydrates (sucrose, reducing sugar and starch) in spring (SFB) and autumn (AFB) flowering buds. Not only is there increase in IAA, GA3, sucrose and reducing sugar, but also decrease in ABA and starch during AFB developmental stages. This probably contributes to induced flowering in AFB. Compared with SFB, IAA could be a vital AFB flowering hormone because it peaks at three critical bud developmental stages of bud swelling, shoot elongation and flower bud opening. Whereas sucrose and reducing sugar contents increase in AFB, that of starch decreases. SFB shows similar trends for sucrose, reducing sugar and starch. The findings suggest that cv. Ao-Shuang tree peony blooms in autumn probably due to lack of dormancy, a phenomenon induced by low ABA. Thus flowering of tree peonies in SFB and AFB could be regulated by different combinations of hormonal and sugar signals. Keywords: autumn/spring flowering, plant hormone, ornamental plant, Paeonia suffruticosa, sugar Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 104-112 Volume: 38 Issue: 3 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/11/2011-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11/2011-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201103-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:38:y:2011:i:3:id:11-2011-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Bulíř Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Title: A preliminary proposal for an original classification of garden plants based on the study of their phenological periodicity and their side-runs Abstract: A model group of garden plants (shrubs) was used to observe and evaluate phenological periodicity and new ways of its practical use in landscaping. The experiment focused on the aesthetically most impressive phenophases - full bloom and full coloration, and was conducted in three independent and separate localities over a period of 4 years. While observing and evaluating the selected group of plants, we also monitored and recorded concurrent attractive phenological events in other garden plants, seeking to verify the existence of certain "vegetation waves". The experiment demonstrated that in the research localities the course of phenological periodicity, including the course of individual side-runs, tends to be similar. Our preliminary results indicate that the "vegetation waves" indeed do exist. These findings suggest new solutions for the use of our selected plants, mainly for their theme combinations with wider groups of plants which tend to behave similarly in the same time points. As a result of our study, we propose 24 preliminary phenological groups of garden plants. Each of them characterizes a certain period of the calendar year which is considered aesthetically important by landscape architects. Plants were classified into these groups according to the preliminary mean onset time of the most attractive phenophases (full bloom and full coloration) in the most typical indicative species. Keywords: landscaping, phenology, shrubs, use of plants, phenological groups Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 113-119 Volume: 38 Issue: 3 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/32/2010-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/32/2010-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201103-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:38:y:2011:i:3:id:32-2010-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Milić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: N. Magazin Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Z. Keserović Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: M. Dorić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Title: Flower thinning of apple cultivar Braeburn using ammonium and potassium thiosulfate: Short communication Abstract: Ammonium and potassium thiosulfate are used commercially or experimentally as flower thinners because they are considered user, environment and consumer safe. The thinning trials were conducted in 2009 and 2010, on three- and four-year-old Braeburn Mariri Red* trees. The chemicals were applied at 1%, 2% and 3% rates of ammonium and 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% of potassium thiosulfate. Both thinning agents reduced fruit set, but were more efficient in 2009, when applied at 20% full bloom, than in 2010, when they were applied at 80% full bloom. Flower thinning with ammonium and potassium thiosulfate increased the average fruit weight, but the highest chemical rates retarded fruit growth. Ammonium and potassium thiosulfate did not affect fruit shape and firmness, but they increased starch degradation, total soluble solids content and titratable acidity. The treatments increased the percentage of flower buds, except at the highest chemical rates, where leaf damage reduced flower bud formation. Ammonium or potassium thiosulfate application may be recommended as the first step in a chemical thinning program Keywords: fruit set, fruit quality, bearing potential, phytotoxicity Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 120-124 Volume: 38 Issue: 3 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/57/2011-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/57/2011-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201103-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:38:y:2011:i:3:id:57-2011-HORTSCI